精动名词的用法(完美版)
高中英语语法之动名词
一、含义
动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:(以write为例)
注意:动名词的否定形式是:not writing
二、动名词的基本用法
1.用作主语---常表抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。
Smoking is bad for your health.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
注意:
①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别:
不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、一次性
.......动作,而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit.
To get up early this morning made me sleepy.
②动名词作主语,有时用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。
It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用);
It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣);
It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。
例如:It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收)
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us.
说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。
2. 作宾语
①作某些及物动词的宾语
常见的动词有:advise,avoid,delay,escape,excuse,enjoy,consider,finish,deny,fancy,keep,mind(在乎)postpone,pardon,practise,suggest,imagine等。
need,want,require后接动名词,表示被动意义。
如:Would you mind opening the door?请你把门打开好吗?
Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。
②作介词的宾语
He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。
On arriving at the airport,I saw my mother standing in the crowd,waving to me.
一到机场,我就看见我母亲站在人群中,向我招手。
③作某些词组的宾语
常见的词组有:
give up,go on,put off,can't help,can't stand,be worth,be devoted to,be accustomed to,be used to,object to;insist on,look forward to,be sure of,be keen on,be fond of,be good at,be tired of,be interested in,be afraid of, cannot help 情不自禁be tired of 厌烦做某事insist on 坚持depend on/upon 指望,依赖set about着手做get down to着手做feel like 想要lead to 导致等。pay attention to
例:I'm looking forward to having the summer holiday in Kun-ming.
我盼望去昆明度暑假。
He gave up smoking several months ago. 几个月前,他戒烟了。
④某些词组后接动名词作宾语时,可省略词组中的介词。常见的词组如下:
He spends hours(in)reading newspapers everyday. 他每天花数小时阅读报纸。
We mustn't waste time(in)arguing.我们不能浪费时间争论。
The young doctor lacks experience(in)doing such kind of operation.
那年轻的医生在动这种手术上缺乏经验。
We must stop/prevent the teens (from) smoking.
我们必须阻止这些十多岁的孩子吸烟。
We had a hard time (in )finding jobs. 我们一度找工作找得很苦。
They earn a living (by )doing housework for other families.
他们为别的家庭做家务来谋生计。
English.speaking difficulty (in)trouble (no)have They ?
?? 他们讲英语(没)有困难。
注意:
⑤ 不定式也可以做宾语
I want to study English.
I hope to have a chance to go abroad.
⑥ 有些动词后即可加动名词也可加不定式,区别不大
★在begin ,start ,continue 后接动名词和不定式都可以,一般情况下意义相同。 如:??
???https://www.360docs.net/doc/675811624.html,st basketball play to https://www.360docs.net/doc/675811624.html,st basketball playing started T hey 去年他们开始打篮球。 但如果碰到以下情况,begin 和start 后须用动词不定式:
(a )主语是物:
The milk began to boil. 牛奶开始煮沸了。
(b )后接心理活动或状态的动词:
They began to know the danger ahead of them. 他们开始意识到他们有危险。
(c )begin 和start 用于进行时态:
They were starting to have dinner when 1 went in. 我进去时他们刚要吃饭。
(d )后接被动式:
The TV tower started to be built several years ago. 电视塔是在几年前开始建造的。 ★ 在need ,want ,require 后接动名词和动词不定式的被动式,意义相同,都表示被动,
表示需要被……的意思。如:
??
???.repaired be to .repairing needs set T V T he 这电视机需要修理。 ?????after.
looked be to after.looking wants child T he 这小孩需要照顾。
?????checked.
be to checking.requires machine washing T he 这台洗衣机需要检查。 ★ 在hate ,like ,love ,prefer 后可接动名词,也可接不定式,但意义不同,接动名词
表示经常发生的动作,而接动词不定式则表示某一具体的动作。如:
?????.
you.with Suzhou to travel to like I ..travelling like I 游玩我喜欢和你一起去苏州我喜欢旅游
??
???游泳我不喜欢在那个游泳池我不喜欢游泳.pool
swimming that in swim to hate I swimming.hate I ★在remember ,forget ,regret 后接动名词表示已做过的事,而接动词不定式表示动作还未发生。如:
???
????.,arrived.have
you when me telephone to remember Please park.the to taken being remember still I 记得给我打个电话当你到后园我仍记得被带去那个公 ???
????.,exam.the passed t haven'you that you l tel
to regret I truth.the him telling regret I 你没有通过考试我很抱歉地告诉你我后悔告诉他事实真相 ★ mean ,try ,go on ,stop 后接动名词和动词不定式,意义完全不同: Mean doing 意味着……
例如:His breaking the arm meant his doing things carelessly.
他摔坏了手臂意味着他做事粗心。
mean to do 打算做……
I meant to say I was sorry. 我想说声对不起。
try doing 试试看(用某种方法)
例如:If you can't work out the problem this way ,try doing it in that way.
如你用这种方法做不出这道题,试用那种方法。
try to do 设法、试图
例如:I'm trying to open the door ,but I don't think I can.
我正设法打开门,但我想我是徒劳的。
继续干某事
例如:He was reading when he beard the door bell. He opened the door and went on reading. 他在看书时听到门铃响。他开了门又继续看书。
go on to do接着又去干另外一件事。
例如:
When he finished doing his homework,he went on to practise playing the piano.
他做完作业后,接着又练习弹钢琴了。
stop doing sth. 停止做某事。
例如:
Would you please stop talking?Let's listen to the story.
请你们停止说话,我们来听故事。
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事。如:
例如:I'm tired. I want to stop to have a rest. 我很累。我想停下来休息一会。
3. 作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。
(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
Teaching is my job.= My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。
★动名词作表语的时候,特别要注意:不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事”等。例如:
his part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词)
他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.(动名词)读书当然是学习,然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west. (动名词)
4、作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,一般表示被修饰的词的用途和性能。例如:
swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖
a walking stick=a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
三、动名词的逻辑主语
(1)动名词的逻辑主语(动作的发出者)一般用名词所有格(××’s)或物主代词(my,your,his,her,our,their)充当。这种用名词所有格或物主代词+动名词构成的形式叫复合结构。如:
Would you mind my opening the door?我开门,你介意吗?
Would you mind opening the door?请把门打开。
第一句是让你去开门,第二句是我来开门。)
(2)在口语中和非正式文体中常用人称代词宾格作动名词的逻辑主语。如:The doctor suggested them having their health check-up once a year.
医生建议他们每年检查一次身体。
★所以:
你介意汤姆抽烟吗?Would you mind Tom/Tom’s smoking?
你介意我抽烟吗?Would you mind me/my smoking?
Tom’s coming is what we have expected.
His coming is what we have expected.
She didn’t mind Tom’s/ Tom coming here.
She didn’t mind his/ him coming here.
★如果名词是表示无生命事物时,只用“名词的普通格(名词)+doing”,不用名词的所有格。
Can you hear the noise of the machine running?
你能听到机器运转的声音吗?
四、动名词的否定形式由not加doing形式构成。
His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.
他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。