考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练四十三
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Ask people to name someone they find charming and the answers are often predictable. There’s James Bond, the fictional spy with a penchant for shaken martinis. Maybe they’ll mention Oprah Winfrey, Bill Clinton or a historical figure, like the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. or Mahatma Gandhi. Now ask the same people to describe, in just a few seconds, what makes these charmers so likable.要是你让人说出一个他心目中有魅力的人的名字，答案通常都可以预测。
有人会说詹姆斯·邦德，那个偏爱摇酒法调制的马提尼的虚构的间谍。
也许会有人提到欧普拉·温弗里，比尔·克林顿，或是某个历史人物，比如小马丁·路德·金牧师，或是圣雄·甘地。
那么现在再让同一个人来用区区几秒钟描述，到底是什么特质让这些魅力十足的人物如此受人爱戴呢？It’s here, in defining what exactly charisma is, that most hit a wall. Instinctually, we know that we’re drawn to certain people more than others. Quantifying why we like them is an entirely different exercise.到此为止，在魅力到底是什么的确切定义过程中，通常就是到这里走进了死胡同。
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020031403
No one is likely to win the oil-price war这场石油价格战很可能没有赢家Saudi Arabia,Russia and America will all suffer沙特阿拉伯、俄罗斯和美国都将遭殃Saudi arabia and Russia are used to fighting their enemies via proxies.But the oil-price war that has broken out between them is head-on and has swiftly escalated.It started when Russia refused to slash production during a meeting with the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries in Vienna on March6th.沙特阿拉伯和俄罗斯过去往往是通过代理人相互斗争的。
但如今两国却爆发了一场正面交锋的石油价格战，并且正在迅速升级。
3月6日，俄罗斯在于维也纳举行的石油输出国组织会议上拒绝了削减石油产量的提议，一场石油价格战由此爆发。
Saudi Arabia,OPEC’s de facto leader,hit back with discounts to buyers and a promise to pump more crude.Shortly thereafter it said it would provide customers with12.3m barrels a day(b/d)in April,about25%more than it supplied last month—and a level it has never before attained.作为石油输出国组织（OPEC）的实际领导者，沙特通过为买家提供折扣以及承诺增加产量的方式对俄罗斯予以了反击。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三四
The first face-off人脸识别第一案A lawsuit against face-scans in China could have big consequences在中国，一场有关人脸识别的诉讼或将带来巨大的影响Guo Bing,a legal academic in the eastern city of Hangzhou,likes to spend his leisure time at a local safari park.But when the park informed season-pass holders like him that admission would require a face-scan,Mr Guo objected.郭兵是中国东部城市杭州市的一名法律学者，他平日里喜欢在当地的野生动物园度过闲暇时光。
但当动物园告知像他这样的年卡用户需要扫脸入园时，郭先生无法接受。
Late last month he filed a lawsuit,claiming the new rules violated his privacy.Facial-recognition technology is widely used in izens have been hailing Mr Guo as a champion of consumer rights.A thread about his suit has garnered100m views on Weibo,a social-media platform.上月底，他以新规定侵犯其隐私为由向法院提起了诉讼。
人脸识别技术在中国已经得到了广泛的应用。
网友们纷纷称赞郭兵是消费者权益的捍卫者。
在社交媒体平台新浪微博上，一条关于他诉讼的微博获得了1亿次的点击量。
It is surprising that it has taken so long for the judiciary to get involved. Some300tourist sites in China use facial recognition to admit visitors.The safari park says doing so can shorten queues.令人惊讶的是，司法部门过了这么久才介入其中。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Diageo last week took a majority stake in Seedlip, a non-alcoholic spirit sold as an alternative to gin — a move seen by analysts as the drinks giant’s attempt to grab more of the growing teetotal market. The young are more abstemious than their elders, and manufacturers and marketers need to keep up.帝亚吉欧(Diageo)不久前收购了Seedlip的多数股权，这是一种被作为金酒替代品出售的无酒精型烈酒——市场分析师们将此举解读为酒业巨头试图在日益扩张的无酒精饮料市场中分一杯羹。
年轻一代相对于他们的长辈在饮酒方面更加节制，酒类生产商和营销机构必须跟上这种趋势。
For those of us who don’t drink or, in my case, only occasionally, a reduction in others’ drinking, along with a fall in the antisocial consequences, is a welcome development. At a wedding in Italy this summer, I marvelled as a group of Italian and French guests partied under a hot afternoon sun and late into the night, without anyone staggering or slurring in the way they would inevitably have done in the UK.对于我们当中那些不喝酒——或者以我自己为例——仅偶尔喝一杯的人来说，他人饮酒量的下降，以及与之相随的危害社会公共利益问题的减少，是一种令人愉快的新变化。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
When bosses walk in employees’ shoes当老板站在员工的角度思考It is hard for managers to understand what life is like for staff. But not impossible 管理者很难理解员工的处境，但也不是不可能Any manager worth their salt knows the value of spending time “walking in their customers’ shoes”. There are many ways to do it. You can observe customers in their natural habitat.任何称职的管理者都知道花时间“站在客户的角度思考”的价值。
想做到这一点有很多办法可行。
你可以对处在自然状态下的顾客进行观察。
Pernod Ricard’s boss recently told Bloomberg, a news service, about his habit of bar-hopping in order to see what people want to drink. Such research is a lot less fun if your company makes soap dispensers for public toilets but the same principle applies.保乐力加的老板最近向彭博社(一家新闻服务机构)透露，他经常会去酒吧看看人们爱喝什么酒。
如果你公司的产品是公厕皂液器，那这种研究方式就不太合适了，不过道理都是一样的。
You can be a customer yourself, buying your company’s products, ringing your own helplines and enduring the same teeth-grinding muzak. Or you can hear from your customers directly.你可以试着购买自家的产品，拨打自家的客服热线，忍受让人咬牙切齿的同款音乐。
2016考研英语一答案：阅读理解Text 3
2016考研英语一答案：阅读理解Text 3
31: B. skepticism
32: A. winning trust from consumers
33: C. less severe
34: A. has an impact on their decision
35: B. The necessary amount of companies' spending on it is unknown.
本文节选自《经济学人》（The Economist）名为The Halo Effect的文章。
文章主要谈论的是企业社会责任政策(Corporate social responsibility，CSR)。
开篇先从诺贝尔经济学家Milton Friedman的评论引出作者对CSR的看法，“CSR的政策并不是对股东财富的浪费，新的研究表明——CSR很可能对公司产生货币价值（至少在他们被指控腐败时）。
”全文围绕“CSR是如何给公司的业务增值”展开，并举出具体的例子和研究进行阐述。
首先提出企业责任政策花费虽然大，但是能因此博得顾客的好感。
之后则指出全面实施CSR项目的企业在受到诉讼时，法官也会在审判的时候排除政治因素而优先考虑企业之前的CSR担当，从而给予相对略低的罚金。
最后文章指出到底公司对这方面的花费是多少虽然不确定，但至少确定的是企业责任能帮助它们在法律面前获得相对较轻的处罚。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读四十三
Young people and their phones are shaking up banking年轻人和他们的手机正在撼动银行业Customer service is about to get a lot better,says Helen Joyce海伦·乔伊斯说，客户服务将会变得更好“I started the business because I love milk tea myself,”says Peng Yuxia. Meet the Cow,her shop in Hangzhou,200km south-west of Shanghai,sells the cassava-based hot drink,also known as bubble tea,to passers-by—and,increasingly,to customers who pre-order on their phones.彭玉霞说：“我之所以开这家奶茶店是因为我本身就喜欢喝奶茶。
”在上海西南方向200公里外的杭州，她开了一家名为Meet the Cow的奶茶店，向路过的人们和在手机上预定的顾客（通过这种方式的越来越多）出售一种名为珍珠奶茶的、以木薯为原料制成的热饮。
Recently she signed up to a small-business programme run by Ant Financial,China’s biggest fintech firm,which has its headquarters nearby. Now customers can order in advance from within Alipay,Ant’s payment app,and she has seen total numbers rise from about50a day to nearer 70.最近，她报名参加了由蚂蚁金服（一家总部位于杭州的、中国最大的金融科技公司）运营的一个小企业项目。
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020010403
Why Japanese names have flipped为什么日本人要将姓名颠倒过来They will now be written in English in the same order as in Japanese 如今，日本人姓名的英文书写顺序将与日文顺序相同On January1ST a minor lexical revolution rolled through Japan.A new decree ordained that official documents should reverse the order of Japanese people’s names when they are rendered in the Latin alphabet. Hitherto in,say,English documents,Japanese names have been written with the given name first,using the Western practice.今年1月1日，一场小小的词法变革席卷日本。
一项新法令规定，官方公文在以罗马拼音记录日本人的名字时应将其颠倒过来。
直至目前，比方说在英文文件中，日本人的名字都是按照西方习惯先写名后写姓的。
Henceforth the family name will come first and,to banish any ambiguity, may be entirely capitalised.One backer of the change is the prime minister.From now on The Economist will refer to him as Abe Shinzo rather than Shinzo Abe.但从今以后，姓氏将被放在前面，同时为了避免产生歧义，姓氏或将全部大写。
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In China,millions of students brace for joblessness
在中国，数百万应届生面临失业
“Graduationequals unemployment”has long been a common saying in China(the nouns share a character).It is often used in jest by university students as final exams loom.
在中国，有一句广为流传的话——“毕业即失业”（两个词仅一字之差）。
尤其在期末考试来临之际，大学生们常常会拿这句话来开玩笑。
But for the9m or so due to graduate in June—a record high—the words convey a dark reality.As China limps back to work after covid-19,their job prospects are truly bleak.但对于今年6月即将毕业的近900万名大学生（再创历史新高）来说，这句话反映的是一个可怕的现实。
随着新冠肺炎疫情在中国得到控制，企业逐渐开始复工，这些大学生的就业前景却着实黯淡。
They will enter the workforce as prospective employers mull lay-offs or hiring freezes.For a middle class used to relentlessly strong economic growth,the shock will be great.
在他们即将步入劳动力市场之际，潜在雇主却在考虑裁员或停招。
这将给那些习惯了经济持续强劲增长的中产阶级带来沉痛的打击。
As it surveys an economy ravaged by the disease,the leadership’s biggest worry is unemployment.In February the urban jobless rate jumped to 6.2%,the highest ever.In March it fell slightly to5.9%as businesses reopened.But official figures mask the scale of the problem.
在对疫情肆虐下的经济进行调查时，最让领导层担心的是失业问题。
今年2月，中国城镇失业率猛增至6.2%，创下历史新高。
今年3月，随着企业纷纷开始复工，城镇失业率小幅下降至5.9%。
但官方数据掩盖了问题的严重性。
Urban unemployment could reach10%this year,reckons the Economist Intelligence Unit,a sister company of The Economist.And that does not include the tens of millions of migrants who sat out the epidemic in their ancestral villages.Many of them now have no jobs to return to in the cities.
据《经济学人》姊妹公司经济学人智库估计，中国今年的城镇失业率或达10%。
这还不包括那些因疫情滞留在老家农村的数以千万计的农民工，他们中的许多人如今回到城市也将面临失业。
Last year just over half of entrants to China’s urban workforce were university ually about60%of them would be hired by small-and medium-sized enterprises.But such firms have been among those hardest-hit by the coronavirus.
去年，在中国城镇新生劳动力大军中，大学毕业生就占到了一半以上。
他们中的60%通常会被中小型企业聘用。
而受新冠肺炎疫情影响最为严重的正是这些企业。
Companies normally begin scouring campuses for recruits soon after the spring-festival holiday(another big hiring round takes place in the autumn).This time,however,with universities shut and big gatherings banned,the entire process was“wiped out”,says a business veteran.
企业通常会在春节假期结束后不久开始进行校园招聘（另一轮大规模招聘是秋招）。
然而，据一位商界资深人士称，由于大学停课，同时大型集会也被禁止，因此整个春招都被取消了。
Some employers have gone digital,using video interviews and online tests. But many,reeling from the impact of work stoppages and still-tepid consumer demand,have cut hiring.
一些雇主开始采用视频面试和在线测试等数字化招聘方式。
但许多企业由于受到停工以及消费需求疲软的影响而进行了缩招。
A survey of1m companies by Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management and Zhaopin,a job-search site,found there were30%fewer openings in the first quarter compared with last year.
据北京大学光华管理学院和智联招聘（一家求职招聘网站）对100万家企业进行的一项调查显示，今年第一季度的职位空缺量相比去年同期减少了30%。
Those for fresh graduates in finance fell by more than50%this spring, according to Boss Zhipin,another recruitment website—even as the number of final-year students searching for a job rose by half.With less competition,firms that are still hiring can pick the best and brightest.But they are also likely to plump for old hands rather than trainees.
据Boss直聘（另一家求职招聘网站）的数据显示，今年春季金融专业毕业生的招聘人数下降了超过50%，而求职人数增加了一半。
随着竞争减小，仍在招人的公司可以挑选最优秀、最聪明的人才。
此外，他们也可以选择有工作经验者，而非新人。
Competition for graduate jobs had already grown fierce in recent years, particularly for the most prestigious positions.Now it is cut-throat. Miriam Zhang,a graduate from Weifang,a city in the northern province of Shandong,has sent out100applications in the past two months and got responses only to six.One job,she heard,had attracted3,000hopefuls.近年来，毕业生就业竞争日趋激烈，尤其是那些最具吸引力的职位。
如今，形势更加严峻了。
张米娅是来自山东省北部潍坊市的一名应届毕业生，她在过去两个月的时间里投出了100份求职申请，但仅收到6份回复。
她听说，有一份工作甚至吸引了3000名求职者。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
jest[dʒest]n.笑话；玩笑
relentlessly[rɪˈlentləsli]adv.残酷地，无情地ravage[ˈrævɪdʒ]vt.毁坏；掠夺n.蹂躏，破坏wipe out消灭；彻底摧毁
plump for选择；支持。