大学英语六级阅读理解技巧

一、长篇阅读

2013年新六级改革大纲中指出长篇阅读篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能对应两题，有的段落可能不对应任何一题。12月真题中所考察的文章共计11段，其中B,E段不对应任何题，G段对应两题。所以笔者建议考生在做长篇阅读的时候需要连续查找，不可在段首找到一题后就直接跳读到下一段，否则将会遗漏某些重点信息。并且与之前快速阅读提干中有较多的大写，数字等特殊定位词这个风格相反，长篇阅读题干中的并无太多的明显大写和数字，针对这个现象和风格，笔者在此给考生们两点建议：

1、注意标题中主题词以外的词

在做仔细阅读的过程中，文章前并无大标题，往往考生都是直接先阅读题干。然而长篇阅读篇幅长，题干句信息量大，且出题人在文章前附上了标题，所以考生必须先阅读大标题在了解了文章主题重点之后才能高效的查找到题干定位点。长篇阅读题干中若无大写，数字之类的明显定位点的时候，用题干部分的名词，形容词定位，但请考生勿用主题词做为某个题目的定位词，因为全篇都在谈论这个话题，因为很难判断这道题目专属于某一段。

2、双重定位词

仔细阅读题干多为半个句子，因此比较短，长篇阅读题干都是完整的句子，信息量较大。因此在找长篇阅读时，不可只借助一个词去确定位置，有可能在文章几段中都提及这个词，要精准的确定某个题干在文章中的段落出处，至少要保证两个或两个以上的定位词和段落匹配度。

二、仔细阅读

1 题型解读：

56. What do we learn about new science Ph.D.s in the United States today?

57. What does the author say about America's Ph.D. training?

58. What was recommended for Ph.D.s and postdoctoral researchers?

59. Government agencies and the private sector often use IDPs to __________.

60. What do we know about myIDP?

61. What does the author think about women's progress so far?

62. In what countries have women made the greatest progress?

63. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?

64. What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nation's top office?

65. What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?

六级阅读在本质上依然延续着重对文章细节考察的这一传统。大家对于阅读题的普遍认识是有五种题型，分别为：细节题、主旨题、推断题、态度题和语义题。在2013年12月六级十道传统阅读有9道题都是以what 开头提问，考察对原文信息点的具体内容。毫无疑问，细节题应当是复习和备考的重中之重。不仅是2013年12月的试题如此，从历年的真题中，我们发现绝大多数的题目是细节题。这也就进一步证实，阅读题的考察重点是细节题的解题能力，笔者把这种能力归结为：查找加对应能力。也就是根据题干信息查找原文说法，对比原文与选项的能力。

建议做题步骤：

1)看题干，划出定位词。

2)看一题，定位一题。

3)对比原文与题干，找出异同或丢失信息，解题。

1．定位词一般为题干中的时间，大写，如人名，地名，书名，组织名称等以及除全文主题词之外的词汇

如：2013年12月六级考试阅读理解中的56题：What do we learn about new science Ph.Ds. in the United States today 大部分考生可能第一反映会回原文查找Ph.D.s的位置，可是回原文查读的过程中不难发现Ph.Ds 其实是全文的主题词，很难根据它去查找到准确定位句。这道题目其实题点在于可能大部分考生会因为拼写简单而忽视的today这个词，对应原文第一段第二行 But today, most graduates end up working outside academia, not only in industry but also in careers such as science policy, communications, and patent law。在历年真题中，跟时间相关的副词经常能帮助我们迅速准确的找到答案。这类词还包括now , nowadays ,recently 等，希望考生同学今后要重视这类看似简单的定位词。

再如2013年12月阅读的第 58. What was recommended for Ph.D.s and postdoctoral researchers.题干中虽然有大写的Ph.Ds，但本篇文章整个背景都在围绕博士和博士后校阅，因此PH.Ds会在整篇文章各处复现。通过这个词汇无法具体确定一个句子，在这样的情况，考生应注意只在本题题干独有的词：recommended和postdoctoral researchers。则可迅速找到原文In 2002 the U.S. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology recommended that every postdoctoral researcher put together an IDP m consultation with an adviser.

2 命题点与常考语言特征相结合。

在六级传统阅读文章中，每篇文章包含450词的信息量，但不是每一句都是作者强调的重点，或者出题人热衷的出题热点。因此我们在阅读文章的过程中也要做到详略得当，张弛有度。在六级阅读中，出题

人尤其喜欢针对一些特定的语言特征来设置题目，像特殊的标点符号，，转折关系，比较关系，因果关系，引用，举例等等.

如 2010年6月6级阅读的第2篇文章52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph? 题干给出的推理范围比较大，对应第一段整段。但在第一段中我们不难发现，实际出题人希望我们看到或者重点细读的应为首段最后一句I wasn't surprised when this didn't make the news here in the United States-we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.因为此句中既包含表解释说明的特殊符号破折号，又包含弱转折的新旧时间对比词时间副词now, 还包含表示唯一性的词only, 这三个语言现象都是出题人设题的传统热点。仔细读完这句话，我们不难得出52题的答案A) America is now the only developed country without the policy. 美国是发达国家中唯一没有该项政策的国家。

3 正确选项与原文定位句转换更直接清晰

一般来说，正确选项会具体表现出四种特征：一，是原文的完全再现，二，是原文的结构，个别名词或动词进行同义替换;三，是原文的主宾颠倒(主动换被动);四，是原文的句正话反说。在以往的六级阅读考试中，第二种形式是最常见的，所以有些考生在看到有原文原词的时候反而不敢选择。在近几次考试中，原文原词重现成为正确选项的现象呈上升趋势

例如： 2013年12月份六级阅读56题正确选项C) They often have to seek jobs outside the academic circle.和定位句.But today, most graduates end up working outside academia, not only in industry but also in careers such as science policy, communications, and patent law前半句信息都使用了outside the academic 原词表达

再如同篇文章中58题正确选项C) An IDP be made in consultation with an adviser.与原文定位句In 2002 the U.S. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology recommended that every postdoctoral researcher put together an IDP m consultation with an adviser.后半句m consultation with an adviser也使用了完全相同的表达

第二篇文章最后一题正确选项D) Tap women's economic potential 与定位句中

Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. "When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world," she said. 希拉里话述中的women's economic potential也是原词重现

当然，用原文结构，个别词汇同义替换或正话反说的现象也是普遍存在的。

如：第二篇文章64题正确选项D) They are underrepresented in politics.女性在政治领域未受到充分代表与原文"Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference," 很少有国家在政治领域有足够的女性代表进行了替换表达。在这里笔者也就是希望考生朋友们在平时背单词的时候多积累一些同义词反义词，灵活思维，这对阅读题的解题是最有帮助的。

结语

六级考试每年具体题材和内容尽管各有不同，但总体而言各类题型的破题方法和出题人的出题思路仍然是有迹可循的，希望通过笔者的微言能给焦急备考中的你些许的帮助，如果大家能认真的消化，仔细的

研究，不断的练习，应该不难把握其中的套路和规律。

大学英语六级选词填空应试技巧

大学英语四级阅读：选词填空技巧汇总选词填空的考察形式一篇280词左右的文章，文章中挖出10个空，并统一给出A-O 15个备选答案。选词填空区别于完形填空，有更大的解题难度，原因在于： 1. 完形填空每题都是四选一，选词填空第一题要十五选一，就算用到排除法，最后一题也要六选一，而且在十五个选项中还有五个根本不会用到，难度加大； 2. 完形填空每题的四个选项都是统一的词性，只需要辨析词义、搭配就基本可以作答，而选词填空的十五个选项有多个词性，解题时需要同时判断词性和词义，难度加大； 3. 完形填空每题的四个选项往往都是统一时态，统一形式，而在选词填空中会涉及选项的动词时态、第三人称单数形式、被动主动语态，名词的单复数等的辨析，难度加大。针对选词填空的解题方法分为三步 1. 预览选项，了解词义并把选项分为四大类词性：名词n，动词v，形容词a，副词ad，在每个选项后作词性的简要标记； 2. 精读全文开头，把握文章主题，并以三个空或一个段落为一个单位，利用前后文判断每空的词性； 3. 把对应词性的选项逐一带回原文，含义通顺，时态、主谓搭配一致的为正确选项。四级考试的常用后缀在判断选项词性时可以有一定帮助作用。在根据前后文判断每空的词性时，一些经常考察的形式如下：名词：通常来说，冠词(如a，an，the)、形容词、介词后面搭配名词，即"a/an/the/adj./prep. + n。"，举例说明：Education soon became a _____. 冠词a后面加可数名词的单数形式，正确答案是nightmare，这句话的意思是"教育很快成了一种噩梦。" As the trade winds lessen in _____, the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 degrees. (06-6) 介词in后面加名词，正确答案是strength，这句话的意思是"当信风强度减弱的时候，海洋温度上升，导致从东部流入的秘鲁洋流上升了5摄氏度之多。"较难的一个例子：Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ____ that has changed the target market for many products. (06-12) 这里可以用两种判断方法来判断横线处所填词的词性。第一种方法，用句子结构来判断，前面一句话，husbands and children now do some of these jobs，这是一个完整的句子，主语husbands and children，谓语动词do，宾语some of these jobs；后面的that 引导的是一个同位语从句，它所修饰的中心词就是a后面需要填的词，而定语从句的中心词是名词，所以横线处应填一个名词。第二种方法，根据刚才所说的"a + 名词"的语法规则来判断，横线处应该填一个名词，而且是一个可数名词的单数形式。正确答案是situation。这句话的意思是"丈夫和孩子现在也做一些这样的工作了，这种情况就改变了许多产品的目标市场。" 动词：动词的考点很多，我们来看其中三种： 1. 主语后缺谓语动词。举例说明：He ____ from his teachers, came home in tears and thought about dropping out. 在这句话里，主语是he，本来后面应该有一个动词作谓语，但是这里没有动词，而是在横线后面出现了一个介词短语from his teachers，这样这句话就缺少谓语动词，所以横线上应该填一个动词。正确答案是hid，这句话的意思是"他不愿见老师，

大学英语六级阅读理解专题训练

大学英语六级阅读理解专题训练 2016年下半年英语四六级迫在眉睫，同学们准备得如何了?下面是网提供给大家关于大学阅读理解专题训练，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。 What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it. The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles. Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 . But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain. The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s w hat we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today. A. answer I. creative B. result J. belief C. share K. suspicious D. guilty L. certainty E. constant M. obsessed F. defined N. identify

大学英语六级第一次模考试题阅读

Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. The 35 percent of African-American youth living in poverty are the most visible victims of what is often called the achievement gap. But black children of all socioeconomic levels perform worse on national tests and graduate in fewer numbers than their white middle-class peers. A study by the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics found that African-American students scored, on average, 26 points lower than white students on their reading and math tests. Some say, as Harvard psychologist Richard J. Herrnstein and American Enterprise Institute political scientist Charles Murray did in their 1994 book, The Bell Curve, that the cause is genetic. And though The Bell Curve has been discredited in scientific circles, the idea that IQ is somehow linked to race has been slow to retreat. Others, like Cornell University researchers Gary Evans and Michelle Schamberg, believe that “physiological stress is a plausible model for how poverty could get into the brain and eventually interfere with achievement,” as they wrote in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Our best efforts at narrowing the gap nationally — think No Child Left Behind —haven’t worked. But locally, there are now signs of hope. At the Harlem

2015大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案

大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案第一篇 A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this year’s epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed. “It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review,” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic in so many ways.” He said. In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from varying stages of the illness. Those conditions—generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations—have made it hard to interpret results. Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators（呼吸器）to help patients breathe, is the mainstay（主要支持）of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs through a mask. Both carry the risk of transmitting the virus to hospital employees. Without proper analysis, the panel was unable to say definitively which treatment worked best, or which caused the most harm. “There is a lack of shared information,” Dr. Mardel said, noting that a lot of data have not been published. The panel also agreed on guidelines that would allow doctors to conduct quick and safe clinical trials, a process that generally takes years to complete. The world Health Organization, a United Nations agency did not release the guidelines. Dr. Mardel said they were flexible because no one knew where, when and in what setting SARS would return. Experts in many countries have already listed the treatments they want to test, and the health agency is leaving these decisions to individual nations. 1. Guidelines recommended by the scientific panel can be used for _____. A. gathering potentially useful information about various therapies collected B. conducting clinical studies of SARS patients C. determining treatment for SARS D. publishing all the information about SARS

2014年12月大学英语四级考试备考资料《阅读理解》答题技巧

2014年12月大学英语六级考试备考资料《阅读理解》答题技巧需要指出的是，在一篇文章的阅读过程中，我们要根据不同的要求采用不同的阅读方法。总的来说，在正式考试中，阅读理解部分可参照下列步骤进行。首先用“快读”的方法浏览全文，以了解中心思想及大意。在此基础上，可根据要回答的问题，用“查读”的方法，或(查到文章中与答题内容有关的范围后)用“细读”的方法，来确定答案。回答问题时，可在文章中划出关键词句，以此作为答题的依据。全部问题答完之后，如时间允许，可再快读一遍全文，核实一下所确定的答题的答案是否符合全文的精神。 1. 快读(Skimming) 快读的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题思想，并对文章的结构有个总的概念。顾名思义，快读时，速度要快。一般地说，250字左右的短文要求在二、三分钟内看完。快读时精力必须十分集中，不必去记忆细节；遇到个别生词及难懂的词句，均应略过，以求对全文总体意思的了解。为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想，在快读时要留心文章中某些反复出现的词语，这些往往与文章的主题有关。快读时，还应特别注意文章的开始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结尾句，因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。 2. 查读(Scanning) 查读的目的主要是为了寻找文章中某些特定的信息。在查读时，目光要自上而下、一目数行地寻视与答题内容相关的词句，与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当回答有关who, when, where等文章细节问题的时候，用此方法我们一般都可很快找到答案，可以说“一查即得”。但是有些与文章细节有关的问题如：why, how等难以找到现成的回答，这时首先需要通过查读，找到文中与答题内容相关的范围，然后再用下面要讨论的“细读”方法，方可得出准确的答案。 3. 细读(Reading for full understanding) 找到文章中的有关范围以后，即在此范围内逐句阅读，特别对关键词、句要仔细琢磨，以便对其有较深刻、较准确的理解和掌握。不仅要理解其字面意思而且要通过推理和判断，弄清文章中“字里行间”所隐含的意思。在细读中，对没有学过的生词，可根

20186月大学英语六级真题、译文和详细解析汇报[仔细阅读卷二]

2018年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二） Section C Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago? In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income. While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time. The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005. In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the U.S.’s overstates

大学英语六级阅读理解及答案

Reading Comprehension for CET 6 Passage 1 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief. As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images. 1.The main idea of the passage is______________. [A]Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. [B]There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. [C]Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. [D]Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_________. [A]took pictures with the natives [B]gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案

大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案》的内容，具体内容：下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had ... 下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。 Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons rather than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or of having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be ruined by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies (幻想) may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day.

2011年6月大学英语六级阅读考试真题及答案_完美打印版

2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is