c3翻译的基本技巧4

定语转译为谓语、状语、表语
There is a large amount of energy wasted due to friction. 由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。 由于摩擦而损耗了大量的能量。 We should have a firm grasp of the fundamentals of computer science. 我们应该牢固掌握计算机科学的基本知识。 我们应该牢固掌握计算机科学的基本知识。 The earth was formed from the same kind of materials that makes up the sun. 构成地球的物质与构成太阳的物质是相同的。 构成地球的物质与构成太阳的物质是相同的。
一定要言行一致，理论与实践相结合，反对华而不实 和任何虚夸，少说空话，多做工作，扎扎实实，埋头 苦干。 Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated. We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated. 拿我们这些人来说，很多人每年都有一些进步。 Take those of us present here for example. Many of us make some progress each year.
状语转译为主语、定语、补语
We know that oxygen is necessary for the breathing of animalswenku.baidu.comand plants, and for burning. 我们知道，动植物呼吸和燃烧都需要氧气。 我们知道，动植物呼吸和燃烧都需要氧气。 In this world, things are complicated and are decided by many factors. 世上的事情是复杂的，是由各方面的因素决定的。 世上的事情是复杂的，是由各方面的因素决定的。 The pretty doll was placed too high for her to get it down. 漂亮的洋娃娃放得太高，她拿不下来。 漂亮的洋娃娃放得太高，她拿不下来。
主语转译为定语、宾语、状语、 主语转译为定语、宾语、状语、谓语
He has a different opinion from others. 他的观点与众不同 他的观点与众不同。 Nowadays, a typical radio transmitter has a power of 100 kilowatts so that it can broadcast information over a large area of influence. 如今，一台常见的无线电发射机的功率已达到 如今，一台常见的无线电发射机的功率已达到100千瓦， 千瓦， 千瓦 因此它的播送范围很大。 因此它的播送范围很大。 Thorp was almost unanimously chosen the greatest athlete of modern times. 人们几乎一致地推选索普为现代最伟大的运动员。 人们几乎一致地推选索普为现代最伟大的运动员。 As the match burns, heat and light are given off. 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。
我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：因为我 们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户消费方面的需要。 The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers. 我崇拜朝气，欢喜自由，赞美胆量大、精力强的。 I worship vitality and love freedom. I extol the plucky and strong in heart.
主语的转译： 主语的转译：
在英语句子中，能够作主语的可以是单词、词组、 在英语句子中，能够作主语的可以是单词、词组、 短语或从句，其位置一般都在谓语的前面。 短语或从句，其位置一般都在谓语的前面。在译 成汉语时， 成汉语时，一般情况下可以保留主语在句中的位 置。 The most frightening thing of all was that no sound could be heard in the cave. 是在那个山洞里什么东西都听不到。 最可怕的事情是在那个山洞里什么东西都听不到。
Achieving these will depend, in very large measure, upon the mobilization and education of the entire population, in particular, on improving the education of girls and women – who are, at once, the most educationally deprived part of the population and that with the greatest unexploited potential and talent. 要达到这些目的，在很大程度上要依赖于动员和教育全 体人民，尤其是要依赖于改善对女童和妇女的教育。在 全部人口中，她们既是教育权利上被剥夺最深的一部分， 又是具有最大的尚未发掘的潜力和才能的一部分。
谓语转译为主语
It is surprising that the naughty boy behaved very well in such a big party. 令人吃惊的是，在这么盛大的晚会上那个 令人吃惊的是， 顽皮男孩的表现相当不错。 顽皮男孩的表现相当不错。 Water with salt conducts electricity very well. 盐水的导电性能良好。 盐水的导电性能良好。
第三章 翻译的基本技巧
Translation Techniques
第四部分 Part Four
Procedures of today:
Conversion Division Exercises in class Assignments of today
Conversion 句子成分的转译
Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so endured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. 人类把自己和其它动物区别开来。与此同时，人类还 具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境， 要么控制环境，或根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就 这样一代代的生存下来。
Some more examples:
His appointment to the position is still in doubt. 能否任命他担任这项职务，还有待于进一步的决定。 The statement declared that the international economic order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen. 声明宣称国际经济秩序必须改变，否则发达国家与发展 中国家之间的差距将继续扩大。 But another conflict on the borders clearly would put strains on neighborly relations between the two countries. 但是，如果在边界再次发生冲突，显然会使这两个国家 的和睦关系处于紧张状态。
Waiting for Mr. Ambassador to see me for such a long time made me very unhappy last Friday. 上个星期五，我因长久地等候大使先生接见我而感到 上个星期五， 非常不快。 非常不快。 His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. 他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热。于是，他决心只要一 他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热。于是， 碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下来休息。 碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下来休息。 In recent years increasing attention had been paid to the economic benefit in the production of our factory. 近年来，我厂越来越注重经济效益。 近年来，我厂越来越注重经济效益。
Division:
分译法就是在翻译的时候将英语中的长句化整为 零，在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、 并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主题的连接处， 按意群将句子切分开，译成汉语分句或独立句。 汉语句子结构通常比较松散，但汉语句子非常注 重语义的连贯性，所呈现出的汉语叙事特点是平 铺直叙，起、承、转、合一般都是隐含在字里行 间的，比较注重逻辑上的关系，如时间先后关系、 前因后果关系等。
Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season, when the village’s store of grain and other dry foods from the last harvest was almost gone. 三场雨水已经过去了，正到了青黄不接的时节。村子 里上一季收成之后贮藏的谷物和其它干果杂粮差不多 已食用一空。 After singing a concert in the city, he said he wanted to greet his admirers backstage as he always does. 他在那个城市举办了一个演唱会。演唱会结束以后， 他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。
宾语转译为主语、谓语
Take it easy. A cup of hot coffee will make you feel better. 放松点，你喝些热咖啡就会感觉好些的。 放松点，你喝些热咖啡就会感觉好些的。 Light beams can carry more information than radio signals because light has a much higher frequency than radio waves. 光束运载的信息比无线电运载的信息多，因为光波的频率比 光束运载的信息比无线电运载的信息多， 无线电波高。 无线电波高。 Atoms differ in their atomic weights. 各种原子的原子量是各不相同的。 The secretary cast impatient glances at the young man, turned away without answering his questions. 秘书不耐烦地看了看这个年轻人，转过头去，没有理睬他的 秘书不耐烦地看了看这个年轻人，转过头去， 问题。 问题。