《篇章翻译》PPT课件
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篇章翻译ppt

篇章翻译
7.1 衔接
• HallidHale Waihona Puke y和Hason在其著作《英语中的衔接》
(Cohesion in English)中将英语的衔接手段
概括成5种:1) 指代(reference ) ; 2) 替代 (substitution) ;3) 省略(ellipsis ); 4) 连 接词(conjunction);5) 词汇衔接(lexical cohesion )。本节我们将基于他们的分类, 讨论在英译汉中如何处理这些衔接手段, 以实现译文的连贯。
7.1.1 指代
• 在Halliday 和 Hasan (1976)所提出的衔接模式中,指
代是衔接手段中最明显的一种,表示某个项目自己不能解 释自己,而是必须到其他地方寻求其解释的现象。在词汇 语法层次上,指代主要由语法项目来体现,主要分为三类: 人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。人称指代主要由人称代 词体现。指示指代主要有指示代词和指示副词体现。比较 指代分为两类:普通比较和特殊比较,两者都由比较形容 词或比较副词体现(张德禄,2001)。鉴于在英译汉中经 常遇到的情况是人称指代和指示指代,我们这里将主要讨 论在英译汉时如何处理这两种指代。
• 为了更加清楚地看出英汉两种语言在行文上的差
异,我们再看两个汉译英的例子: 朋友有点不好意思地解释说,买这座房子时,孩 子们还上着学,如今都成家立业了。 [参考译文] My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 杨志取路,不数日,来到东京。入得城来,选个 客店,安歇下。 [参考译文] Yang Zhi thus journeyed on for many days and he went toward the eastern capital and he came into the city and found an inn and there settled himself to rest.
7.1 衔接
• HallidHale Waihona Puke y和Hason在其著作《英语中的衔接》
(Cohesion in English)中将英语的衔接手段
概括成5种:1) 指代(reference ) ; 2) 替代 (substitution) ;3) 省略(ellipsis ); 4) 连 接词(conjunction);5) 词汇衔接(lexical cohesion )。本节我们将基于他们的分类, 讨论在英译汉中如何处理这些衔接手段, 以实现译文的连贯。
7.1.1 指代
• 在Halliday 和 Hasan (1976)所提出的衔接模式中,指
代是衔接手段中最明显的一种,表示某个项目自己不能解 释自己,而是必须到其他地方寻求其解释的现象。在词汇 语法层次上,指代主要由语法项目来体现,主要分为三类: 人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。人称指代主要由人称代 词体现。指示指代主要有指示代词和指示副词体现。比较 指代分为两类:普通比较和特殊比较,两者都由比较形容 词或比较副词体现(张德禄,2001)。鉴于在英译汉中经 常遇到的情况是人称指代和指示指代,我们这里将主要讨 论在英译汉时如何处理这两种指代。
• 为了更加清楚地看出英汉两种语言在行文上的差
异,我们再看两个汉译英的例子: 朋友有点不好意思地解释说,买这座房子时,孩 子们还上着学,如今都成家立业了。 [参考译文] My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 杨志取路,不数日,来到东京。入得城来,选个 客店,安歇下。 [参考译文] Yang Zhi thus journeyed on for many days and he went toward the eastern capital and he came into the city and found an inn and there settled himself to rest.
篇章翻译

对于定期购买单项商品数量不少于 100打 我们相信可给予2%的折扣。 2%的折扣 100打,我们相信可给予2%的折扣。 用不可撤销的即期信用证付款. 用不可撤销的即期信用证付款. One order for not less than 100 dozens in a regular time, we allow a discoall be the Irrevocable sight letter of credit.
由于品质柔软耐用, 由于品质柔软耐用,我们的全棉床单很快 成了畅销商品, 成了畅销商品,你们在研究了我方价格之 后,对我们为什么甚难满足需求这一事实 将不会感到惊奇了。但你方如能在本月底 将不会感到惊奇了。 前向我们订货,我们将保证迅速发货。 前向我们订货,我们将保证迅速发货。 Our cotton sheets become the best popular commodities on account of its soft and durable character. After having studied the price, you will not be surprised at the facts that our commodities are in short supply. If you can make sure the order before the end of this month, we will guarantee to send the merchandises quickly.
执事先生 To whom it may concerned: 收到你方1 15日询价殊为欣慰 日询价殊为欣慰。 收到你方1月15日询价殊为欣慰。今附上你 所要求的具有详细内容的附图目录及价格单, 所要求的具有详细内容的附图目录及价格单, 另邮寄上一些样品。 另邮寄上一些样品。我们相信你细查这些样品 将会同意这些货物是价廉物美的。 后,将会同意这些货物是价廉物美的。 We are pleased to receive your inquiry of January 15th. Now we enclose the illustrated catalog and price list giving the details you ask for. We also mail you some samples. We believe that you will agree our commodities on account of its excellent quality and reasonable price after you check these samples carefully.
汉英篇章翻译.ppt

篇章(text)是表达整体概念的语义单位。 篇章是语言在交际中,特别是在书面交 际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连 串句子和段落的集合,而是一个结构完 整、功能明确的语义统一体。(陈宏薇)
篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的 语言单位的翻译。(王治奎)
语篇指不完全受句子语法约束的在一定 语境下表示完整意义的自然语言。它具 有形式和逻辑的一致性。语篇并非是互 不关联的句子的简单堆积,而是一些意 义相联系的句子为达到一定交际目的, 通过各种衔接手段而实现的有机结合。
he knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and
the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.
1.4 lexical cohesion (词汇衔接)
Chinese-------- lexical repetition (词汇 重复)
English----------Semantic repetition(语 义重复 or relative pronoun)
1)每年有2000多个等待器官移植的病人 濒于死亡。。。(人体)器官的短缺非 常严重。
More than 2.000 patients are dying annually while waiting for transplants,…The shortage of organs is so serious
(一)A Comparison Between Chinese Discourse and English Discourse
篇章翻译

Definition of Text
From the aspect of structure: text is a unit of language above the unit ranging from morpheme, word, phrase, clause, sentence to paragraph. E.g., “Exit”, “Help!”, etc. A text may be anything from a simple greeting to a whole play, from a momentary cry for help to an all-day discussion on a committee.
翻译类型
当时,比较有名的有 Otto Kade(1964),他研究的 是实用性文本的翻译,Rudolf W. Jumpelt(1961) 研究的是科技翻译,Eugene A. Nida(1964)研究 的是《圣经》翻译,Rolf Kloepfer(1967)研究的是 文学——散文和诗歌的翻译,Ralph Wuthenow( 1969)研究的是古代文献的翻译。莱斯经过对他们的 作品和翻译理论进行认真研究后发现,他们的共同缺点 是:把自己在某一方面研究所得出的结论推广到其它的 文本翻译当中去了,把它说成是唯一的、通用的翻译标 准。这是以偏代全,很不科学的。
Passage Translation
翻译单位
翻译单位的概念最早是Vinay & Darbelnet(1958)提 出的,他们认为翻译单位与思维单位、词汇单位同义,是 在翻译过程中关系紧密、不可分割开进行翻译的最小言 语片段。
影响较大的是巴尔胡达罗夫对翻译单位作出的定义。 1985年,蔡毅等编译出版了巴尔胡达罗夫的《语言与 翻译》。
英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略.pptx

(一)A Comparison Between Chinese Discourse and English
Discourse
1.The Similarities
1.1 CoBiblioteka esion (衔接)(cohesive devices) It concerns how the actual words we hear or
为了衔接紧密增译代词和冠词
孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。他身材高大; 青白脸色,皱纹间时常夹些伤痕;一部乱蓬蓬的花白 的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫,可是又脏又破,似乎十多 年没有补,也没有洗。(《孔乙己》)
Kong was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. He was a big man, strangely pallid, with scars that often showed among the wrinkles of his face. He had a large unkempt beard, streaked with white. Although he wore a long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not been washed or mended for over ten years. (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang)
Translation of discourse
英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略
Translation of discourse
What is the discourse?
Discourse means either "written or spoken communication. The term is often used in semantics and discourse analysis.
汉英翻译课件之篇章的翻译共55页文档

拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定,就要勇敢地 走到底 ,决不 回头。 ——左
56、书不仅是生活,而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次,但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处, 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
汉英翻译课件 2、改革如果不讲纪律,就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练,不是通过语言影响 ,而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为, 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
5、教导儿童服从真理、服从集体,养 成儿童 自觉的 纪律性 ,这是 儿童道 德教育 最重要 的部分 。—— 陈鹤琴
60、生活的道路一旦选定,就要勇敢地 走到底 ,决不 回头。 ——左
56、书不仅是生活,而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次,但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处, 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
汉英翻译课件 2、改革如果不讲纪律,就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练,不是通过语言影响 ,而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为, 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
5、教导儿童服从真理、服从集体,养 成儿童 自觉的 纪律性 ,这是 儿童道 德教育 最重要 的部分 。—— 陈鹤琴
翻译课篇章翻译

• War clouds had been in the air since May. The allied foreign troops had taken the fort at the seacoast, but the railway to Peking had been destroyed by the Boxers who had grown in power and popularity and swarmed over the countryside.
• Once inside, the Boxers, under the covert protection of the Empress Dowager and Prince Tuan, terrorized the city. They roamed the streets, hunting and killing "First Hairies" and "Second and Third Hairies." The "First Hairies" were the foreigners; the "Second and Third Hairies" were the Christians, clerks in foreign firms, and any other English-speaking Chinese.
• Altars would be set up in the streets toward sunset, and the people who showed obedience to the Boxers would burn incense while they danced their monkey dance, the Monkey Spirit being one of the most popular of their patron gods.
• Once inside, the Boxers, under the covert protection of the Empress Dowager and Prince Tuan, terrorized the city. They roamed the streets, hunting and killing "First Hairies" and "Second and Third Hairies." The "First Hairies" were the foreigners; the "Second and Third Hairies" were the Christians, clerks in foreign firms, and any other English-speaking Chinese.
• Altars would be set up in the streets toward sunset, and the people who showed obedience to the Boxers would burn incense while they danced their monkey dance, the Monkey Spirit being one of the most popular of their patron gods.
汉译英句子基本译法综述和段落篇章的翻译方法课件公开课获奖课件

也来不及了。(胡适《不要抛弃学问》) • Youth will soon be gone never to return.And
it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. (Tr. Zhang Peiji) • 父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年成盐,她男朋友是什 么样人,他一看就懂得。 • After all, Father is worldly-wise.He is able to tell at a glance whether his daughter has got a boyfriend of character.
• (三) 名词由代词替代,动词由do替代。例如: • 他穿白衬衣比穿蓝衬衣好看。 • He looks more handsome in a white shirt
than in a blue one. • (四) 英译多种反复动词或名词时,为防止反复,
只使用一次该动词和名词。例如: • 我们不后退,我们不曾后退,我们永远也不后
第8页
四、缩省法
• (二) 汉语叠字和复句缩略。例如: • 安安静静地坐在那儿。 • Sit there quietly,please. • 由于她忽然出言不逊,我感到透不过气
来。 • Her unexpected rudeness made me
gasp for breath.
第9页
四、缩省法
第19页
第三,从关联词(如转折)惩罚译
• 例如: • 声速随温度升降会有轻微增减,但不
受气压影响。 • The speed of sound increases slightly
it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. (Tr. Zhang Peiji) • 父亲毕竟比她多吃了几年成盐,她男朋友是什 么样人,他一看就懂得。 • After all, Father is worldly-wise.He is able to tell at a glance whether his daughter has got a boyfriend of character.
• (三) 名词由代词替代,动词由do替代。例如: • 他穿白衬衣比穿蓝衬衣好看。 • He looks more handsome in a white shirt
than in a blue one. • (四) 英译多种反复动词或名词时,为防止反复,
只使用一次该动词和名词。例如: • 我们不后退,我们不曾后退,我们永远也不后
第8页
四、缩省法
• (二) 汉语叠字和复句缩略。例如: • 安安静静地坐在那儿。 • Sit there quietly,please. • 由于她忽然出言不逊,我感到透不过气
来。 • Her unexpected rudeness made me
gasp for breath.
第9页
四、缩省法
第19页
第三,从关联词(如转折)惩罚译
• 例如: • 声速随温度升降会有轻微增减,但不
受气压影响。 • The speed of sound increases slightly