陶粒混凝土空心砌块(Ceramsite concrete hollow block)

陶粒混凝土空心砌块（Ceramsite concrete hollow block）陶粒混凝土空心砌块（Ceramsite concrete hollow block）PrefaceThe building materials industry with the continuous improvement of science and technology, a variety of lightweight wall materials have been developed, as wall material multi-storey and high-rise frame structure, use them to replace the traditional clay brick wall materials has become a inevitable result of history.The clay ceramsite concrete hollow block, referred to as the clay block, is made from clay ceramsite calcined at high temperature after extrusion into the Department of orthopedics, with cement as cementing material mixed with ceramic sand according to a certain proportion by pressing the blind hole type hollow or solid block, characterized by light weight, good noise and large amount used in multi-storey and high-rise buildings the frame structure, not only reduces the structural load, reduce the section size of the wall, column, beam, and the relative increase in the use of the building space, the room layout is more flexible.2 featuresMake full use of masonry mortar embedded in the block hole, form a bonding pin key, block block sliding, forming a common force body, to ensure the overall performance of the wall.Developed a solid block, for windows and doors and walls, staggered joint, improved the laying of traditional methods, in the interface of masonry and concrete and the opening slotat the wall and the wall to eliminate the interfacial crack crack in the steel wire net.Compared with clay brick masonry, it has the advantages of fast masonry speed, convenient operation and small labor intensity. Its walls are light, and its properties conform to the needs of China's wall reform.3 scope of applicationThe utility model is suitable for multi-storey and high-rise frame structures, indoor partition walls, partition walls and retaining walls.4 process principle4.1 according to the concrete hollow block group method, the blind hole of the block is facing up, and the back wall is built on the wall. The mortar is embedded in the hole of the block, and the 8-10mm forms a bonding pin, which blocks the block to slide and form a common force body.4.2 sets of wall Rachel reinforced and reinforced concrete column wall, reliable connection, when the wall length more than 3m in the wall of constructional column, deformation block wall and concrete wall column contact interface and the direction of the length of the wall, to prevent masonry structural cracks.4.3, in the block wall and the concrete structure contact interface, slotted openings and holes around the establishmentof steel wire mesh, to prevent wall paint layer turtle cracks.4.4 take the necessary structural measures, such as adding a long steel structural column, the amount of configuration to increase the overall performance of the wall temperature shrinkage stress.5 process flow and operation points5.1 processConstruction preparation, cleaning at the grassroots level, dividing the bullet line, setting up the leather number, setting the wall, pulling the reinforcing bar, laying out the first brick, laying out the wall, laying the bricks, and finishing the node before the plastering.5.2 operation points:5.2.1 clean the slurry, loose concrete blocks, sundries and so on before the masonry, so as to clean the base surface.The position of the sideline and pop 5.2.2 masonry wall.5.2.3 vertical count rod: masonry level, seam thickness is controlled at 8mm to 12mm.5.2.4 set up wall reinforcing bars on the concrete wall column according to the location of the wall, the number of leather bars and the spacing of the tie bars.5.2.5 according to the position of a wall line and the line of position for the first door skin brick loft.5.2.6 masonry method according to the improved method of group construction, horizontal seam ash thickness of about 20mm, in order to ensure that there are 8-10mm embedded block holes, forming a bonding pin key.5.2.7 verticality control of the wall: using line drop method to control.5.2.8 mortar plumpness: the horizontal joint is constructed by extrusion method, and the end joint is filled with grout.5.3 technical measuresThe interface crack of ceramsite masonry and concrete structure and the cracking of surface plastering layer are the common quality defects of ceramsite masonry wall. The root of this problem lies in the lack of improvement of traditional masonry technology and the lack of targeted technical measures.In the construction of ceramsite masonry, the following technical measures must be taken in accordance with its characteristics:5.3.1 first floor wall root 640mm high within the scope of the use of solid masonry blocks, block hole to prevent moisture absorption of water, causing the wall mildew,The wall and the wall group method as shown in figure 1.5.3.2 blocks for "wrong seam" are made of solid blocks.In the 5.3.3 wall, the blocks at the level of the pre embedded pipeline are made of masonry blocks with concave troughs.5.3.4 Rachel reinforced wall set: pitch height direction is6 @ 500mm, usually along the wall layout, the lap length is 45d, a reliable connection with the main structure, Rachel reinforced block arranged in the blind hole, and should be placed in the steel covered with cement mortar, Rachel reinforced masonry with solid upper block, wall corner added 1 with 6 corner construction steel, as shown in figure 2.5.3.5 the length of the wall is more than 3m, according to @ 2500mm set 190mm * 190 (120) mm, with 4 Phi 10, phi 6 @ 250 cast-in-place reinforced concrete structural column.5.3.6 doors and windows must be lined with solid blocks on both sides.5.3.7 masonry wall and the floor at the junction of the use of special solid block, was "fish scale" oblique masonry tight, and its construction time should be completed in the lower masonry after a week, the special block shown in figure 3.5.3.8 treatment of external dry hanging stone curtain wall or glass embedded parts as shown in figure 4.5.3.9 wall corner and T-shaped wall should be builtsimultaneously, temporary office should be built into discontinuous oblique oblique Cha Cha, horizontal projection length should not be less than the height of the 2/3.5.3.10 wall with waterproof requirements: the interior wall is 1200mm high from the ground, and solid blocks are used in the range,5.3.11 exterior wall crack prevention and waterproof measures: wall covered with steel wire mesh, and the concrete contact place of long 300mm, with cement steel nails fixed, wall painting two times, each time the paint thickness 5 ~ 7mm.Joint treatment of 5.3.12 inner wall before painting:(1) the interface between the wall and the main structure is 600mm steel wire mesh and 300mm lapped by the sea;2. Installing steel wire mesh with 600mm width along the direction of the pipe in the wall to prevent the cracking of the plastering layer:The steel wire mesh with a width of 600mm is arranged at the four corners of the opening at 45 degrees to prevent the cracking of the plastering layer.6 materialsBlind hole type ceramsite block specifications for 390 x 190 x 190, 390 x 120 x 190 two, solid block specifications for 390 x 190 x 95, 390 x 120 x 95 two, the solid block is mainly usedto improve the laying process, solve the key technical problems, overcome the common quality problems. Bulk density is less than 7KN/m3. The strength is not less than MU7.5, and the age is not less than 28doMasonry mortar strength index: not less than M7.5, and the strength level of the block is consistent.20 * 20 detail steel wire mesh, cement steel nail, phi 6 steel.7 implements and equipment1 sets of measuring instruments, mortar mixer 1, cutting machine 2, level one, the number of leather rod 4, 15m with 1, 5 meters of steel tape 4, impact drill 1, 3 sets of masonry mortar test mode, knife, frame stool and ash bucket number.8 labor organization and safety8.1 Labor OrganizationTest and measurement technician 1, measuring 1, 1 Mechanical Engineering, electrical engineering 1; Mason: Senior 20, intermediate 30 & 10.8.2 safety managementSafety management includes safety education and safety technology before classMeasures formulation and implementation.8.2.1 safety education before classPrior to the construction of the construction team, the technical person shall be responsible for organizing the safety education of the construction workers, which shall mainly include:Safety awareness of construction workers;Public safety, maintenance, duty consciousness;Site civilized construction relevant provisions;Correct application method of safety helmet, seat belt and safety net.Establishment of 8.2.2 security technical measures1. The daily masonry height shall not exceed one step height; the internal wall scaffold shall be made of tool scaffolding, and no scaffold shall be installed on the wall.Double wall steel scaffolding is used for the exterior wall masonry scaffold, and the scaffold is connected with the main body. The 6 steel bars are embedded in the reinforced concrete wall column or beam, and the wall shall not pass through the wall.Technical personnel in accordance with the requirements of the project before the construction, according to the actualsituation of the project, compile feasible technical measures to ensure safety construction."Four sides" and side protectionA set up safety door at the access port and the elevator head;B, temporary closure measures are taken at the reserved opening;C, set up safety railing in stair and ladder section;Safety belts must be attached to the D, temporary and airport operations.8.2.3 security patrol systemAll safety measures by construction foreman is responsible for the implementation, a full-time security officer responsible for inspection, supervise the implementation of technical measures to maintain the safety protection facilities. Technical director is responsible for organizing the construction foreman, full-time security officer, construction foreman routine safety week inspection, and record.9 quality requirements9.1, in the masonry construction process, strictly enforce the "masonry construction quality acceptance specification"GB50203-2002 relevant provisions. The following qualitymanagement requirements are emphasized:9.1.1 approach block must have a factory certificate or quality certificate, age 28d or more, on-site storage site must be hardened, the surrounding drainage smooth, moisture-proof, sunscreen. Damp block is strictly prohibited to go to the wall and be inspected in strict accordance with the provisions.9.1.2 cement, sand and admixture should have qualified manufacturers of qualified certification, the approach should be strictly in accordance with the provisions of sampling inspection, the technical indicators must comply with national standards.9.1.3 mortar proportioning shall be measured by weight ratio.9.1.4 mortar test block shall be specially appointed, made, maintained and inspected according to regulations, and strength evaluation shall be carried out.Special anti freezing measures shall be formulated during the winter construction of 9.1.5.9.2 the location and the allowable deviation of the masonry and the method of inspection are shown in table 1:9.3 plastering construction in strict accordance with the "building decoration decoration project quality acceptance specification" GB50210-2001 relevant provisions of the implementation, at the same time should pay attention to the following matters:Before the construction of the 9.3.1 plastering project, the concealed works shall be checked and accepted, and the steel wire mesh at the interface, the opening around the hole and the slotted opening shall be inspected and concealed.9.3.2 the technical details of plastering, mortar proportioning, operation points, quality standards and other matters needing attention.9.3.3 plastering shall be carried out in layers, with a thickness of 5 to 8mm per layer. General plastering shall be organized according to the requirements of the higher level. The allowable deviations and methods of inspection shall be shown in table 2:The 9.4 division project correctly according to the practical engineering and acceptance standard test batches, determine the inspection quantity, quality inspection and assessment of the inspection in the relevant personnel shall have the corresponding qualifications, organized by the engineer and the examination work.10 benefit analysisCeramsite block is widely used as partition wall material in multi story and high rise frame structure. Compared with clay brick, it has remarkable economic and social benefits. Take Hunan city public service training center and high-rise residential building project as an example to make a comparative analysis.10.1 economic analysisWhen the wall height, wall length and wall thickness are the same, the total weight of the ceramsite masonry structure and the plastering layer are 9KN/m3 (comprehensive value), the structure weight of the clay brick wall and the total weight of the plastering layer: 21KN/m3 (take the comprehensive value),A wall works: 75m3 per floor, a total of 25 layers.75 x 25=1875 (M3)B bulk density difference:1875 x (21-9) =22500 (KN)10.1.1 infrastructure projects to save investment:Engineering piles should be added: according to the design of the foundation bearing capacity P=4400Kpa, pile diameterD=1600mm, after the expansion of the pile contact area of S=4.91m2, the number of piles should be increased:1.65x22500 / (4400 x 4.91) = 1.722.Cost of single project pile: 23 thousand yuan / root (budget provision), saving project investment:23 thousand yuan / root x 2=4.6 yuan.10.1.2 superstructure saving investment estimation:The floor load is reduced,The section size and the reinforcement of the wall, column, beam, plate and other structural members are relatively economical. According to the optimization comparison of the structural design of the design units, the investment of the project can be saved by 3%.Main construction cost: 32 million 247 thousand yuanSaving investment:3224.7 x 3%=99.74 (10000 yuan)10.1.2 basic and main project saves project investment:4.6+99.74=104.34 (10000 yuan)10.2 social benefit analysisThe development and application of 10.2.1 ceramsite block greatly reduces the waste of land and resources, saves arable land and reduces environmental pollution. It is of great benefit to the protection of the environment, especially the benefits produced by the countryside.The production of 10.2.2 ceramsite block factory simplifies the construction process of the construction site, reduces theinvestment of formwork and turnover material, saves materials, saves labor cost, and has convenient operation and construction.Compared with clay brick, the construction and application of 10.2.3 ceramsite block accelerates the construction speed and shortens the construction period by about 10%.The development and application of 10.2.4 ceramic block, compared with clay brick and low bulk density, increase the flexibility of the layout of the room, improve the laying process, to eliminate the quality problems, the Ministry of construction is to prohibit the use of reasonable replacement of clay bricks after.。