aliyun添加数据盘后的物理分区和lvm逻辑卷两种挂载方式

一、普通磁盘分区管理方式1.对磁盘进行分区列出磁盘# fdisk -l# fdisk /dev/vdbWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.Device does not contain a recognized partition tableBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4765885b.Command (m for help): nPartition type:p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-2097151999, default 2048):Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2097151999, default 2097151999): Using default value 2097151999Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1000 GiB is setCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.# fdisk -lDisk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x635e6c7dDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 2048 83886079 41942016 83 LinuxDisk /dev/vdb: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes, 2097152000 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x4765885bDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vdb1 2048 2097151999 1048574976 83 Linux2.对磁盘格式化成ext4格式# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks65536000 inodes, 262143744 blocks13107187 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=24096276488000 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848Allocating group tables: doneWriting inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done3.将新的磁盘挂载在/data目录下mkdir /data# mount /dev/vdb1 /data查看是否挂载成功# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 1.3G 37G 4% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 32G 292K 32G 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs 6.3G 0 6.3G 0% /run/user/0/dev/vdb1 ext4 985G 77M 935G 1% /data4.添加自动挂载，重启系统后依然生效vim /etc/fstab/dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0二、逻辑卷的方式安装逻辑卷管理、vim、unzip、iftop等工具yum install -y lvm2 vim unzip iftop# fdisk -lDisk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x635e6c7dDevice Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 2048 83886079 41942016 83 LinuxDisk /dev/vdb: 2147.5 GB, 2147483648000 bytes, 4194304000 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes# fdisk /dev/vdbWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.Device does not contain a recognized partition tableBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x31ab9b87.Command (m for help): nPartition type:p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-4194303999, default 2048):Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4194303999, default 4194303999):Using default value 4194303999Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 TiB is set# 更加规范的做法是在分区时需要一个修改磁盘分区格式为linux lvm 代码为8e的操作Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.# cat /proc/partitionsmajor minor #blocks name11 0 1048575 sr0253 0 41943040 vda253 1 41942016 vda1253 16 2097152000 vdb253 17 2097150976 vdb1# pvcreate /dev/vdb1Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.# vgcreate myvg /dev/vdb1Volume group "myvg" successfully created# vgdisplay--- Volume group ---VG Name myvgSystem IDFormat lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No 1VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 0Open LV 0Max PV 0Cur PV 1Act PV 1VG Size 1.95 TiBPE Size 4.00 MiBTotal PE 511999Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0Free PE / Size 511999 / 1.95 TiBVG UUID RpMeCU-gIV2-kEe5-fe6C-8iVI-xe0i-vf4ocp# lvcreate -L 1.95T -n mylv myvgRounding up size to full physical extent 1.95 TiBLogical volume "mylv" created.# lvdisplay--- Logical volume ---LV Path /dev/myvg/mylvLV Name mylvVG Name myvgLV UUID e1nL7K-0qyc-BHt8-x9oO-1gGC-6qWn-a52o6xLV Write Access read/writeLV Creation host, time iZ2ze47of4mpxkhhzcgjheZ, 2017-01-07 12:18:26 +0800 LV Status available# open 0LV Size 1.95 TiBCurrent LE 511181Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto- currently set to 256Block device 252:0# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 /dev/myvg/mylvmke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=2048 (log=1)Fragment size=2048 (log=1)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks130863104 inodes, 1046898688 blocks52344934 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=131543859263898 block groups16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group2048 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks:16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104, 2048000, 3981312, 5619712, 10240000, 11943936, 35831808, 39337984, 51200000, 107495424, 256000000, 275365888, 322486272, 967458816Allocating group tables: doneWriting inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done# mkdir /data# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /data# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 1.3G 37G 4% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 32G 356K 32G 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs tmpfs 6.3G 0 6.3G 0% /run/user/0/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ext4 2.0T 24M 1.9T 1% /data开机自启动挂载分区vim /etc/fstab加入以下内容：/dev/myvg/mylv /data ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0# cat /etc/fstab## /etc/fstab# Created by anaconda on Tue May 3 13:48:10 2016## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info#UUID=80b9b662-0a1d-4e84-b07b-c1bf19e72d97 / ext4 defaults 1 1/dev/myvg/mylv /data ext4 defaults,noatime 0 0逻辑卷扩容的示例示例：将/aliyun的逻辑卷分区由110G增加到150G# vgdisplay myvg--- Volume group ---VG Name myvgSystem IDFormat lvm2Metadata Areas 1Metadata Sequence No 2VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 1Open LV 1Max PV 0Cur PV 1Act PV 1VG Size 120.00 GiBPE Size 4.00 MiBTotal PE 30719Alloc PE / Size 28160 / 110.00 GiBFree PE / Size 2559 / 10.00 GiBVG UUID v5LSS8-E5HW-htEL-ioet-Up3T-zUFz-vtCzlA[root@mini2 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 30G 1.8G 29G 6% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 907M 0 907M 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 917M 8.6M 908M 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-data xfs 40G 33M 40G 1% /data/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ext4 109G 19M 103G 1% /aliyun /dev/sda1 xfs 297M 115M 183M 39% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/01.新增一块60G的硬盘，分区# fdisk /dev/sdcWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command.Device does not contain a recognized partition tableBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x58d7841e.Command (m for help): nPartition type:p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048):Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): Using default value 104857599Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 50 GiB is setCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.2.将新增加的分区/dev/sdc1扩容到物理卷myvg中# vgextend myvg /dev/sdc1Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully createdVolume group "myvg" successfully extended# 可以看到由10G扩展到了59.99G[root@mini2 ~]# vgdisplay myvg--- Volume group ---VG Name myvgSystem IDFormat lvm2Metadata Areas 2Metadata Sequence No 3VG Access read/writeVG Status resizableMAX LV 0Cur LV 1Open LV 1Max PV 0Cur PV 2Act PV 2VG Size 169.99 GiBPE Size 4.00 MiBTotal PE 43518Alloc PE / Size 28160 / 110.00 GiBFree PE / Size 15358 / 59.99 GiBVG UUID v5LSS8-E5HW-htEL-ioet-Up3T-zUFz-vtCzlA# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/mylv--- Logical volume ---LV Path /dev/myvg/mylvLV Name mylvVG Name myvgLV UUID 3H0Qgm-tDJr-BJ96-Y0Vh-TMOE-1EZv-DN3qUELV Write Access read/writeLV Creation host, time mini2, 2017-01-07 13:55:37 +0800LV Status available# open 1LV Size 110.00 GiBCurrent LE 28160Segments 1Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto- currently set to 8192Block device 253:23.扩展物理边界为150G[root@mini2 ~]# lvextend -L 150G /dev/myvg/mylvSize of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 110.00 GiB (28160 extents) to 150.00 GiB (38400 extents).Logical volume mylv successfully resized.可以看到已经有110变成了150G[root@mini2 ~]# lvdisplay /dev/myvg/mylv--- Logical volume ---LV Path /dev/myvg/mylvLV Name mylvVG Name myvgLV UUID 3H0Qgm-tDJr-BJ96-Y0Vh-TMOE-1EZv-DN3qUELV Write Access read/writeLV Creation host, time mini2, 2017-01-07 13:55:37 +0800LV Status available# open 1LV Size 150.00 GiBCurrent LE 38400Segments 2Allocation inheritRead ahead sectors auto- currently set to 8192Block device 253:2[root@mini2 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 30G 1.8G 29G 6% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 907M 0 907M 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 917M 8.6M 908M 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/centos-data xfs 40G 33M 40G 1% /data/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ext4 109G 19M 103G 1% /aliyun/dev/sda1 xfs 297M 115M 183M 39% /boottmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/04.扩展逻辑边界，可以看到磁盘分区/aliyun由109G变成了148G[root@mini2 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylvresize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv is mounted on /aliyun; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 110, new_desc_blocks = 150The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv is now 78643200 blocks long.[root@mini2 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 30G 1.8G 29G 6% /devtmpfs devtmpfs 907M 0 907M 0% /devtmpfs tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /dev/shmtmpfs tmpfs 917M 8.6M 908M 1% /runtmpfs tmpfs 917M 0 917M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/mapper/centos-data xfs 40G 33M 40G 1% /data/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv ext4 148G 17M 141G 1% /aliyun/dev/sda1 xfs 297M 115M 183M 39% /boottmpfs tmpfs 184M 0 184M 0% /run/user/0 UCLOUD对数据盘扩容后需要控制台重启，并进入系统后进行如下操作：//针对ext4文件格式的操作系统（如CentOS6）：umount /dev/vdbe2fsck -f /dev/vdbresize2fs /dev/vdbmount /dev/vdb /dataucloud升级磁盘空间后需要做的操作：具体：[root@u04rdp01 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 6.2G 32G 17% /tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm/dev/vdb ext4 493G 492G 0 100% /data[root@u04rdp01 ~]# umount /dev/vdb[root@u04rdp01 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 6.2G 32G 17% /tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm[root@u04rdp01 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vdbe2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizesPass 2: Checking directory structurePass 3: Checking directory connectivityPass 4: Checking reference countsPass 5: Checking group summary information/dev/vdb: 32929/32768000 files (0.5% non-contiguous), 131018675/131072000 blocks [root@u04rdp01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vdbresize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vdb to 262144000 (4k) blocks.The filesystem on /dev/vdb is now 262144000 blocks long.[root@u04rdp01 ~]# mount /dev/vdb /data[root@u04rdp01 ~]# df -ThFilesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/vda1 ext4 40G 6.2G 32G 17% /tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 12K 7.8G 1% /dev/shm/dev/vdb ext4 985G 492G 443G 53% /data//针对xfs文件格式的操作系统（如CentOS7）//umount /dev/vdbxfs_repair /dev/vdbmount /dev/vdb /dataxfs_growfs /data---------------------作者：郑子明来源：CSDN原文：https:///reblue520/article/details/80553496 版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！。