医学术语和名称英文缩略语

医学术语和名称英文缩略语A:adrenalin 肾上腺素A:aortic second sound 主动脉瓣第二音AA:amino acid 氨基酸AA:aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血Ab:antibody 抗体ABE:acute bacterial endocarditis 急性细菌性心内膜炎ACD:anemia of chronic disease 慢性病贫血ACE:angiotensin converting enzyme 血管紧张素转化酶A cell:accessory cell 辅佐细胞（免疫）ACh:acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱（神经递质）AChE:acetycholinesterase 乙酰胆碱脂酶AChR:acetylcholine receptor 乙酰胆碱受体ACTH:adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素ACV:acyclovir 无环鸟苷（抗病毒药）AD:autosomal dominant 常染色体显性AD:Alzheimer's disease 阿尔茨海默氏病ADA:adenosine deaminase 腺苷脱氨酶ADCC:antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity 抗体依赖性细胞介导细胞毒作用ADD:attention deficit disorder 注意缺陷障碍（即多动综合征）ADH:antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素ADP:adenosine diphosphate 二磷酸腺苷ADR:adverse drug reaction 药物不良反应AFB:acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌AFP:alpha fetoprotein 甲胎蛋白AG:anion gap 阴离子间隙A/G:albumin/globulin ratio 白/球蛋白比率Ag:antigen 抗原AGL:acute granulocytic leukemia 急性粒细胞白血病AGN:acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎AHF:antihemophilic factor 抗血友病因子AI:aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全AI:artificial insemination 人工授精AID:artificial insemination with doner's semen 非配偶间人工授精AIDS:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征，艾滋病AIH:artificial insemination with husband's semen 配偶间人工授精AIHA:autoimmune hemolytic anemia 自身免疫性溶血性贫血AISN:acute interstitial nephritis 急性间质性肾炎AKP:alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶Ala:alanine 丙氨酸ALA:aminolevulinic acid 氨基酮戊酸（卟啉前体）ALD:aldolase 醛缩酶ALG:antilymphocyte globulin 抗淋巴细胞球蛋白ALL:acute lymphoblastic leukemia 急性淋巴细胞白血病ALP:alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶ALS:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症ALS:antilymphocyte serum 抗淋巴细胞血清ALT:alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸转氨酶（即SGPT）AML:acute myeloblastic leukemia 急性原粒细胞性白血病AMMOL:acute myelomonoblastic leukemia 急性髓单核细胞性白血病AMOL:acute monoblastic leukemia 急性单核细胞性白血病AMS:acute mountain sickness 急性高山病AMS:atypical measles syndrome 非典型麻疹综合征AMY:amylase 淀粉酶AN:analgesic nephritis 止痛药肾炎ANA:antinuclear antibody 抗细胞核抗体ANP:atrial natriuretic peptide 心房利钠肽（即心钠素）Anti-HBc:antibody to hepatitis B core antigen 抗乙型肝炎核心抗体Anti-HBe:antibody to hepatitis B e antigen 抗乙型肝炎e抗体Anti-HBs:antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen 抗乙型肝炎表面抗体（即AuAg）ANUG:acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 急性坏死性溃疡性龈炎AP:alternate pathway 旁路途径（补体活化）APB:atrial premature beat 房性期前收缩APC:antigen-presenting cell 抗原呈递细胞APC:acute pharyngoconjunctival fever 急性咽结合膜热APP:acute-phase protein 急性期蛋白APRT:adenine phosphoribosyltransferase 腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（嘌呤回收途径）APTT:activated partial thromboplastin time 活化部分凝血活酶时间APUD:amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation 胺前体摄取和脱羧（细胞）AR:aortic regurgitation 主动脉反流AR:autosomal recessive 常染色体隐性ARA-A:adenine arabinoside 阿糖腺苷（抗病毒药）ARA-C:cytosine arabinoside 阿糖胞苷（抗癌药）ARAS:ascending reticular activation system 上行网状激活系统ARC:AIDS-related complex 艾滋病相关复合征ARD:acute respiratory disease 急性呼吸道病ARDS:adult respiratory distress syndrome 成人呼吸窘迫综合征ARF:acute renal failure 急性肾功能衰竭ARF:acute rheumatic fever 急性风湿热AS:aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄AS:ankylosing spondylitis 强直性脊柱炎Arg:arginine 精氨酸ASA:acetylsalicylic acid 乙酰水杨酸ASD:Alzheimer's senile dementia 阿尔茨海默氏老年性痴呆ASD:atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损Asn:asparagine 天门冬酰胺ASO:antistreptolysin O 抗链球菌（溶血）素OAsp:aspartic acid 天门冬氨酸AST:aspartate aminotransferase 天门冬氨酸转氨酶（即SGOT）AT:angiotensin 血管紧张素ATL:adult T cell leukemia 成人T细胞白血病ATN:acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死ATP:adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷AuAg:Australia antigen 澳大利亚抗原(即Anti-HBs)，澳抗AUC:area under concentration curve 药－时曲线下面积AV:atrioventricalar 房室AV:arteriovenous 动静脉AVF:(augmented voltage，left leg) 加压单极左腿导联AVL:(augmented voltage，left arm) 加压单极左臂导联AVM:arteriovenous malformation 动静脉畸形AV node:atrioventricular node 房室结AVP:arginine vasopressin 精氨酸加压素AVR:(augmented voltage，right arm) 加压单极右臂导联AZT:azidothymidine 叠氮脱氧胸腺嘧啶核苷BAEP:brain-stem auditory evoked potential 脑干听觉诱发电位BAL:British anti-lewisite(dimercaprol) 英国抗路易士毒气剂（二巯基丙醇）BBB:bundle branch block 束支传导阻滞BBB:blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障BBP:bedside blood purification 床边血液净化BBT:basal body temperature 基础体温B cell:bone marrow-derived lymphocyte 骨髓源淋巴细胞BCG:bacillus Calmette-Guérin 卡介苗BCNU:bis-chloroethyl-nitrosourea 氯乙亚硝脲，卡氮芥（抗癌药）BE:base excess 剩余碱BEAM:brain electrical activity mapping 脑电位分布图BEE:basal energy expenditure 基础能量消耗量BK:bradykinin 缓激肽BME:biomedical engineering 生物医学工程BMF:bone marrow failure 骨髓功能衰竭BMI:body mass index 体重指数（以体表面积为基数）BMP:bone morphogenic protein 骨形态形成蛋白BMR:basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率BMT:bone marrow transplantation 骨髓移植BP:blood pressure 血压BPH:benign prostatic hypertrophy 良性前列腺肥大Bq:becquerel 伯克（放射强度单位）BRM:biological response modulator 生物反应调节剂BSA:body surface area 体表面积BSP:bromsulphalein 酚四溴肽磺酸钠，磺溴肽钠（肝功能试验）BT:bleeding time 出血时间BUN:blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮C:complement 补体CABG:coronary artery bypass grafting 冠状动脉旁路移植术CAD:coronary artery disease 冠状动脉病CAD:computer-aided diagnosis 计算机辅助诊断CAH:congenital adrenal hyperplasia 先天肾上腺增生cAMP:cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环一磷酸腺苷CAPD:continuous ambulatory peritnoeal dialysis 持续性非卧床式腹膜透析CAT:calcium antagonist 钙拮抗剂CAVH:continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration 连续动静脉血液滤过CAVHD:continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis 连续动静脉血液透析CAVHP:continuous arteriovenous hemoperfusion 连续动静脉血液灌流CAVP:continuous arteriovenous plasmapheresis 连续动静脉血浆换出CBC:complete blood count 全部血细胞计数CBF:cerebral blood flow 脑血流量CCK-PZ:cholecystokinin-pancreozymin 缩胆囊素－促胰酶素CCNU:cyclohexyl-chloroethyl-nitrosourea 氯乙环己亚硝脲（抗癌药）CCU:cardiac care unit 心脏病监护中心CD:cluster of differentiation 免疫细胞表面分化抗原CDC:U.S.Centers for Disease Control 美国疾病监控中心 C dyn:dynamic compliance 动态顺应性CEA:carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原CEI:converting enzyme inhibitor 转化酶抑制剂CEP:chronic eosinophilic pneumonia 慢性嗜酸细胞增多性肺炎CF:complement fixation 补体结合CF:chemotactic factor 趋化因子CF:cystic fibrosis 囊性纤维化CFU:colony forming unit 集落形成单位CGD:chronic granulomatous disease 慢性肉芽肿病CGL:chronic granulocytic leukemia 慢性粒细胞白血病CH:compromized host 免疫力低下寄主C:constant domain of heavy chain 重链稳定区(免疫球蛋白)CHD:coronary heart disease 冠心病CHF:congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭CHO:carbohydrate 碳水化合物，糖CI:cardiac index 心脏指数Ci:curie 居里（放射强度单位）CIC:circulating immune complex 循环免疫复合物CIE:countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis 对流免疫电泳CIS:carcinoma in situ 原位癌CISN:chronic interstitial nephritis 慢性间质性肾炎CK:creatine kinase 肌酸激酶Cl:clearance 清除率C:constant domain of light chain 轻链稳定区(免疫球蛋白)CLL:chronic lymphocytic leukemia 慢性淋巴细胞白血症C(L+T):compliance of lungs and thorax 肺-胸廓顺应性CMG:cystometrogram 膀胱压力容积曲线CMI:cell-mediated immunity 细胞介导免疫CML:chronic myelogenons leukemia 慢性髓细胞白血病CMV:cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒CNS:central nervous system 中枢神经系统CO:cardiac output 心输出量CoA:coenzyme A 辅酶ACOCP:COcombining power 二氧化碳结合力COMT:catechol-O-methyltransferase 儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶COPD:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺疾病CP:classic pathway 经典途径（补体活化）CP:cor pulmonale 肺原性心脏病CPAP:continuous positive airway pressure 呼吸道持续正压结氧CPCR:cardio-pulmonary-cerebral resuscitation 心肺脑复苏CPDD:cis-platinum-diamino dichloride 顺铂CPPV:continuous positive pressure ventilation 连续正压通气结氧CPR:cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复CPZ:chlorpromazine 氯丙嗪Cr:creatinine 肌酐CR:complement receptor 补体受体CREST:calcinosis，Raynaud's phenomenon，esophageal dysfunction，sclerodactyly，telangiectasia 钙质沉着－雷诺氏现象－食管功能失调－硬皮病指（趾）－毛细管扩张（综合征）CRF:chronic renal failure 慢性肾功能衰竭CRP:C-reactive protein C反应蛋白CSD:cat scratch disease 猫抓病CSF:cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液CSF:colony stimulating factor 集落刺激因子 C stat:static compliance 静态顺应性CT:calcitonin 降钙素CT:computed tomography 电子计算机断层成像CT:clotting time 凝血时间CTL:cytotoxic T lymphocyte 细胞毒T淋巴细胞CTX:cytoxan 环磷酰胺CV:closing volume 闭合容积CVA:cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外CVID:common variable immunoglobulin deficiency 常见变异性免疫缺陷CVP:central venous pressure中央静脉压CWP:coal worker's pneumoconiosis 煤矿工人尘肺Cys:cysteine 半胱氨酸D:ergocalciferol 麦角骨化醇（维生素D）D:cholecalciferol 胆骨化醇（维生素D）1,25-(OH)D:1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25 -双羟胆骨化醇DAG:diacylglycerol 甘油二脂D&C:dilatation ＆curettage 刮宫DDS:diaminodiphenylsulfone 氨苯砜DDT:dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane 滴滴涕DDVP:dichlorvos 敌敌畏DEC:diethylcarbamazine 乙胺嗪(海群生，抗丝虫药)DES:diethylstilbestrol 乙烯雌酚DF:differentiation factor 分化因子DHEA:dehydroepiandrosterone 脱氢表雄甾酮DHT:dihydrotestosterone 二氢睾丸酮DI:diabetes insipidus 尿崩症DIC:disseminated intravascular coagulation 弥漫性血管内凝血DIP:distal interphalangeal 远指间（关节）DIT:diiodotyrosine 二碘酪氨酸DJD:degenerative joint disease 退行性关节病（即骨性关节病）DKA:diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒DLE:discoid lupus erythromatosus 盘状红斑狼疮DM:diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DM:dermatomyositis 皮肌炎DNA:deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸DOC:11-deoxycorticosterone 11-脱氧皮质酮Dopa:dihydroxyphenylalanine 二羟苯丙氨酸，多巴DP:diastolic pressure 舒张压DP:discharge precautions 排出物隔离DPG:diphosphoglyceric acid 二磷酸甘油酸DPN:diphosphopyridine nucleotide 二磷酸吡啶核苷酸（同NAD，即辅酶I）DSA:digital substraction angiography 数字减影血管造影DSCG:disodium cromoglycate 色甘酸钠（过敏反应介质阻释药）DSH:deliberate self harm 蓄意自伤DSM:Dignostic nd Sttisticl Mnul of Mentl Disorders 《精神障碍诊断统计手册》DST:dexamethasone suppression test 地塞米松抑制试验DT:delirium tremens 震颤谵妄DTH:delayed-type hypersensitivity 迟发过敏DTIC:dimethyl imidazole carboxamide 氮烯咪胺（抗癌药）DTP:diphtheria tetanus pertussis 白喉－破伤风－百日咳（三联疫苗）DUB:dysfunctional uterine bleeding 功能失调性子宫出血DVT:deep vein thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成D/W:dextrose in water 葡萄糖液E:enzyme 酶E:estrone 雌酮E:estradiol 雌二醇E:estriol 雌三醇EABV:effective arterial blood volume 有效动脉血容量EACA:epsilon-aminocaproic acid 6-氨基己酸（纤溶酶激活剂抑制药）EAC-rosette:erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosette 红细胞－抗体－补体玫瑰花结EAE:experimental allergic encephalomyelitis 实验性变应性脑脊髓炎EBA:epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 获得性大疱性表皮松解症EBP:eosinophilic basic protein 嗜酸细胞碱性蛋白EBV:Epstein-Barr virus 爱泼斯坦－巴尔二氏病毒ECF:extracellular fluid 细胞外液ECF-A:eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis 过敏反应嗜酸细胞趋化因子ECG:electrocardiogram 心电图ECHO:echocardiography 超声心动图ECHOvirus:enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus 人类肠道细胞病变孤儿病毒ECM:external cardiac massage 胸外心脏按压ECM:erythema chronicummigrans 慢性游走性红斑(见LD)ECT:electroconvulsive therapy 电惊厥疗法，电抽搐疗法（即电休克疗法）ECT:emission computed tomography 发射计算机断层成像EDD:expected date of delivery 预产期EDTA:ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid 依地酸(金属解毒药)EEG:electroencephalogram 脑电图EF:ejection fraction 射血分数EFA:essential fatty acid 必需脂肪酸EGD:esophagogastroduodenoscopy 食管胃十二指肠镜检EGF:epidermal growth factor 表皮生长因子EGRI:enterogastric reflux index 肠胃反流指数EIA:enzyme immunoassay 酶免疫测定EKC:epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 流行性角结膜炎EKG:electrocardiogram 心电图ELISA:enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 酶联免疫吸附测验EM:electron microscope 电镜EMB:ethambutol 乙胺丁醇（抗结核药）EMG:electromyogram 肌电图EMSS:emergency medical service system 急诊医学勤务系统END:endorphin 内啡肽ENL:erythema nodosum leprosum 麻风结节性红斑(反应)ENT:ear，nose and throat 耳鼻喉EOP:endogeneous opioid peptide 内源性阿片肽EP:epinephrine 肾上腺素EP:electrophoresis 电泳EP:endogenous pyrogen 内源致热源EP:endorphin 内啡肽EP:enteric precautions 肠道隔离EPEC:enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠杆菌EPO:erythropoietin 红细胞生成素（即REF）EPS:expressed prostatic secretion 前列腺按摩液ERCP:endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogr aphy 内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影E-rosette:erythrocyte rosette 红细胞玫瑰花结ERP:effective refractory period 有效不应期 ERP:estrogen receptor protein 雌激素受体蛋白ERPF:effective renal plasma flow 有效肾血浆流量ERV:expiratory reserve volume 补呼气容积ESR:erythrocyte sedimentation rate 红细胞沉降率，血沉ESRD:end-stage renal disease 终期肾疾病ETEC:enterotoxigenic E.coli 产肠毒素大肠杆菌EXP:excretion precautions 排泄物隔离f:respiratory frequency 呼吸频率F:folic acid 叶酸Fab:antigen-binding fragment 抗原结合片断（免疫球蛋白）FAD:flavin adenine dinucleotide 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（黄酶辅基）FAS:fetal alcohol syndrome 胎儿酒精综合征Fc:crystalizable fragment 结晶片断（免疫球蛋白）FDA:U.S.Food and Drug Administration 美国食物药品局FDP:fibrinogen degradation products 纤维蛋白降解产物FEV:forced expiratory volume in 1 second 第一秒用力呼气量FFA:free fatty acid 游离脂肪酸FFM:fat-free mass 不含脂肪物质FH:tetrahydrofolate 四氢叶酸FIA:fluoroimmunoassay 荧光免疫测定Flu:influenza 流行性感冒FMD:foot and mouth disease 口蹄疫FMF:familial mediterranean fever 家族性地中海热FMN:flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸(黄酶辅基)FMS:fibromyalgia syndrome 纤维肌痛综合征FN:fibronectin 纤维粘连蛋白FNA:fine needle aspiration biopsy 细针吸取活检FRC:functional residual capacity 功能残气量FSH:follicle-stimulating hormone 促滤泡激素FTA-ABS:fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption 荧光螺旋体抗体吸收（试验） 5-FU:5-fluorouracil 5-氟尿嘧啶（抗癌药）FUO:fever of unknown origin 无明热FVC:forced vital capacity 用力肺活量G-:gram negative 革兰氏阴性G+:gram positive 革兰氏阳性GABA:gamma-aminobutyric acid γ氨基丁酸GAG:glycosaminoglycan 糖氨聚糖（即粘多糖）Gal:galactose 半乳糖GALT:gut-associated lymphatic(lymphoid)tissue肠道相关淋巴组织GBS:Guillain-Barr syndrome 吉兰-巴雷二氏综合征GERD:gastroesophageal refux disease 胃食管反流病GF:growth factor 生长因子GFR:glomerular filtration rate 肾小球过滤率GGT:gamma-glutamyl transferase γ-谷氨酰转移酶GH:growth hormone 生长激素GI:gastrointestinal 胃肠GIP:gastric inhibitory peptide 抑胃肽Glc:glucose 葡萄糖Gln:glutamine 谷酰胺Glu:glutamic acid 谷氨酸Gluc:glucuronic acid 葡萄糖醛酸Gly:glycine 甘氨酸GN:glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎GN:glomerulonephropathy 肾小球肾病GNB:gram-negative bacilli 革兰氏阴性杆菌GnRH:gonadotropin-releasing hormone 促性腺激素释放激素GP:glycoprotein 糖蛋白G6PD:glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶GRH:GH-releasing hormone 生长激素释放激素GSD:glycogen storage disease 糖原贮积病GSH:glutathione(reduced) 谷胱甘肽（还原型）GSSG:glutathione(oxidized) 谷胱甘肽（氧化型）GTD:gestational trophoblastic diseases 妊娠性滋养细胞疾病GTT:glucose tolerance test 葡萄糖耐量试验GU:genitourinary 泌尿生殖GVH:graft-versus-host 移植物抗寄主（疾病）Gy:gray 戈瑞（放射吸收剂量）HA:hemagglutination 血细胞凝集HACE:high-altitude cerebral edema 高原脑水肿HACH:hypertensive atherosclerotic cerebralhemorrhage 高血压性动脉硬化性脑出血HAI:hemagglutination-inhibition 血凝抑制HA(N)E:hereditary angioneurotic edema 遗传性血管神经性水肿HAPE:high-altitude pulmonary edema 高原肺水肿HAT:hypoxanthine，aminopterin，thymidine 次黄嘌呤－氨基蝶呤－胸腺嘧啶核苷（培养基）HAV:hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒HB:heart block 心传导阻滞HbA:adult hemoglobin 成人型血红蛋白HBcAg:hepatitis B core antigen 乙型肝炎核心抗原HBE:His bundle electrocardiogram 希氏束心电图HBeAg:hepatitis B eantigen 乙型肝炎e抗原HBIG:hepatitis B immune globulin 乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白HbF:fetal hemoglobin 胎儿型血红蛋白HbS:sickle hemoglobin 血红蛋白S,镰状细胞血红蛋白HBsAg:hepatitis B surface antigen 乙型肝炎表面抗原HBV:hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒HCD:heavy chain disease 重链病hCG:human chorionic gonadotropin 人类绒毛膜促性腺激素HCL:hairy cell leukemia 毛细胞白血病HCT(Hct):hematatocrit 血细胞比容（即PCV）HCV:hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒HD:Hodgkin's disease 何杰金氏病，霍奇金氏病HD:hemodialysis 血液透析HDL:high-density liporotein 高密度脂蛋白HDN:hemolytic disease of newborn 新生儿溶血病HDV:hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒HE:hematoxylin eosin 苏木精伊红（染色剂）HE:hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压性脑病 HEV:hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒HF:hepatic failure 肝功能衰竭HF:Hageman factor 哈格曼氏因子（凝血因子）HF:hemorrhagic fever 出血热HFA:Health for All “人人享受健康服务”HFRS:hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome 肾综合征出血热（即流行性出血热）HGG:human gamma globulin 人丙种球蛋白HGPRT:hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase 次黄嘌呤－鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（嘌呤回收途径）HHNK:hyperglycemic，hyperosmotic nonketotic coma高血糖高渗性非酮症性昏迷5-HIAA:5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5-羟基吲哚乙酸（5-羟色胺脱氨产物）His:histidine 组氨酸HIV:human immunodeficiency virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒（即HTLV-和LAV，为AIDS 病原体）HLA:human leukocyte antigen 人白细胞抗原HLP:hyperlipoproteinemia 高脂蛋白血症HMG:human menopausal gonadotropin 人绝经期促性腺激素HMG-CoA:hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA 3-羟-3-甲基-戊二酰辅酶A（合成酮体和胆固醇的中间产物）HMM:hexamethymelamine 六甲密胺（抗癌药）HMP:hexose monophosphate 磷酸己糖（支路）HMWK:high molecular weight kininogen 高分子激肽原hnRNA:heterogeneous nuclear RNA 核异质核糖核酸HPA axis:hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 下丘脑－垂体－肾上腺轴HPETE:hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid 氢过氧二十碳四烯酸（合成白细胞三烯的中间产物）HPV:human papilloma virus 人类乳头瘤病毒HR:heart rate 心率HS:heparin sulfate 硫酸肝素HSE:herpes simplex encephalitis 单纯疱疹脑炎HSP:Henoch-Schnlein purpura 享舍二氏紫癜（即过敏性紫癜）5-HT:5-hydroxytrptamine(serotnin) 5-羟色胺(血清素)HTLV:human T cell leukemia virus 人类 T细胞白血病病毒HTLV:human T lymphotropic virus 嗜人T淋巴细胞病毒（同前，另名）HU:hydroxyurea 羟基脲（抗癌药）HUS:hemolytic-uremic syndrome 溶血性尿毒症综合征HVA:homovanillic acid 高香草酸（多巴胺代谢产物）HX:histiocytosis X 组织细胞增生症 XH-Y:histocompatibility antigen 组织相容性抗原Y（其结构基因位于Y染色体）HZ:herpes zoster 带状疱疹IBD:inflammatory bowel disease 炎症性肠道疾病IBS:irritable bowel syndrome 肠道激惹综合征IC:inspiratory capacity 深吸气量IC:immune complex 免疫复合物ICD:intracranial pressure 颅内压ICD:Interntionl Clssifiction of Diseses 国际疾病分类ICF:intracellular fluid 细胞内液ICG:indocyanine green 吲哚氰绿(试验)（肝排泌功能试验）ICS:immotile cilia syndrome 纤毛不动综合症ICU:intensive care unit 监护中心Id:idiotype 独特型ID:intradermal 皮内IDDM:insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病IDL:intermediate-density lipoprotein 中等密度脂蛋白IDU:idoxuridine 碘苷，疱疹净（抗病毒药）IE:infective endocarditis 感染性心膜炎IEC:invasive E.coli 侵袭性大肠杆菌IEP:immunoelectrophoresis 免疫电泳IF:inhibiting factor 抑制因子IFA:immune fluorescence antibody 免疫荧光抗体IFA:indirect fluorescent antibody 间接荧光抗体IGF-1:insulin-like growth factor I 胰岛素样生长因子I（即SMC）IgG:immunoglobin G G型免疫球蛋白IGT:impaired glucose tolerance 糖耐量低减IHA:indirect hemagglatination 间接血凝（试验）IL:interleukin 白细胞介素ILD:interstitial lung disease 肺间质病Ile:isoleucine 异亮氨酸IM:infectious mononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症IM:intramuscular 肌内IMD:immunologically mediated diseases 免疫机制介导疾病INH:isonicotinic acid hydrazide(isoniazid) 异烟肼INQ:index of nutritional quality 营养质量指标IPD:inflammatory pelvic disease 盆腔炎IPF:idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 特发性肺间质纤维化IPH:idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症IPPV:intermittent positive pressure ventilation间歇正压通气给氧IQ:intelligence quotient 智商Ir:immune response 免疫应答（基因）IRD:immune renal disease 免疫性肾病iRNA:informational RNA 信息核糖核酸IRV:inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气容积Is:immune suppressor 免疫抑制（基因）ISG:immune serum globulin 免疫血清球蛋白ITP:idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 特发性血小板减少性紫癜ITP:inosine triphosphate 三磷酸肌苷IU:international unit 国际单位IUD:intra-uterine device 宫内节育器IUI:intra-uterine insemination 宫腔内人工授精IV:intravenous 静脉内IVF:in vitro fertilization 体外受精IVP:intravenous pyelogram 静脉肾盂造影JCA:juvenile chronic arthritis 青年慢性关节炎JE:Japanese encephalitis 日本脑炎JEV:Japanese encephalitis vaccine 日本脑炎疫苗JGA:juxtaglomerular apparatus 近血管球复合体K cells:killer cells 杀伤细胞Kb:kilobase 纤碱基Km:Michaelis constant 米氏常数17-KS:17-ketosteroid 17-酮类固醇17-KGS:17-ketogenic steroid 17-生酮类固醇KS:Kaposi's hemorrhagic sarcoma 卡波济氏出血性肉瘤KUB:kidney，ureter,bladder 肾、输尿管及膀胱（平片）LABD:linear IgA bullous dermatosus 线状免疫球蛋白A大疱性皮肤病LAH:left anterior hemiblock 左前分支阻滞LAK cell:lymphokine activated killer cell 淋巴因子活化杀伤细胞LAT:latex agglutination test 乳胶凝集试验LATS:long-acting thyroid stimulator 长效甲状腺刺激素LAV:lymphadenopathy-associated virus 淋巴结病相关病毒（同HIV）LBM:lean body mass 不计脂肪体重LBW:low birth weight 低体重（儿）LC:Langerhan's cell 郎格汉斯氏细胞(皮肤免疫细胞)，郎格汉斯氏细胞（妊娠滋养细胞）LC:Langhans'cell 郎汉斯氏细胞多核巨细胞LCAR:late cutaneous allergic reactions 晚期变态反应性皮肤反应LCAT:lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase 卵磷脂胆固醇乙酰基转移酶（催化胆固醇脂化）LCM:lymphocytic choriomeningitis 淋巴脉络丛脑膜炎LD:Lyme disease 莱姆病LD body:Leishman-Donovan body 利士曼-多诺万二氏小体LD:median lethal dose 半数致死量LDCF:lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor 淋巴细胞趋化因子LDH:lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶LDL:low-density lipoprotein 低密度脂蛋白LE:lupus erythematosus 红斑狼疮Leu:leucine 亮氨酸LGA:large-for-gestational-age 大于胎龄（儿）LGV:lymphogranuloma venerum 性病性淋巴肉芽肿LH:leuteinizing hormone 黄体生成素LL:lepromatous leprosy 瘤型麻风LP:lumbar puncture 腰椎穿刺LPAM:1-phenylalanine mustard 左旋苯丙氨酸氮芥LPH:left posterior hemiblock 左后分支阻滞β-LPH:β-lipotropic hormone β-促脂素LPL:lipoprotein lipase 脂蛋白脂酶LPS:lipopolysaccharide 脂多糖LRI:lower respiratory illness 下呼吸道病LS:life support 生命支持LSD:lysergic aciddiethylamide 赖瑟酸二乙胺（致幻剂）LT:leukotriene 白细胞三烯LT:lymphotoxin 淋巴毒素LUF syndrome:luteinized-unruptured follicle syndrome 黄体化卵巢未破综合征LVSW:left ventricular stroke work 左心室每搏功Lyb:lymphocyte antigen on B cells B淋巴细胞表面抗原（鼠）Lys:lysine 赖氨酸Lyt:lymphocyte antigen on T cells T淋巴细胞表面抗原（鼠）βM:βmicroglobulin β微球蛋白MAC:membrane attack complex 膜攻击复合物（补体活化产物）MAF:macrophage arming(activating)factor 巨噬细胞武装（活化）因子MAI:Mycobcterium vium-intrcellulre 鸟－胞内分支杆菌MAMA:midarm muscle area 中臂肌肉面积MAO:monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶MAOI:monoamine oxidase inhibitor 单胺氧化酶抑制药MBC:minimal bactericidal concentration 最低杀菌浓度MBC:maximal breathing capacity(MVV) 最大换气量（同MVV）MBD:minimal brain damage 轻微脑损伤（即多动综合征）MBF:myocardial blood flow 心肌血流量MBP:myelin basic protein 髓鞘碱性蛋白MIP:maximal inspiratory pressure 最大吸气压力MCGN:mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎（同MPGN）MCH:mean corpuscular hemoglobin 平均红细胞血红蛋白含量MCHC:mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度MCLS:mucocutaneons lymph node syndrome 皮肤粘膜淋巴结综合征（即川崎氏病）MCNS:minimal change nephrotic syndrome 微小病变性肾病综合征MCP:metacarpophalangeal 掌指（关节）MCTD:mixed connective tissue disease 混合结缔组织病MCV:mean corpuscular volume 平均红细胞体积MD:muscular dystrophy 肌肉营养不良MDS:myelodysplastic syndrome 骨髓异常增生综合征MEA:multiple endocrine adenomatosis 多发性内分泌腺瘤（同MEN）MEFV:maximal expiratory flow volume 最大呼气流量MEN:multiple endocrine neoplasia 多发性内分泌腺瘤（同MEA）MET:metabolic equivalent 梅脱（代谢当量）Met:methione 甲硫氨酸，蛋氨酸MetHb:methemoglobin 高铁血红蛋白MF:myelofibrosis 骨髓纤维化MF:mycosis fungoides 蕈样霉菌病（即蕈样肉芽肿）MG:myasthenia gravis 重症肌无力MGN:membranous glomerulonephritis 膜性肾小球肾炎MHC:major histocompatibility complex 主要组织相容性复合物MI:mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全MI:myooardial infarction 心肌梗死MIC:minimum inhibitory concentration 最低抑制浓度MIF:migration inhibitory factor (单核-巨噬细胞)移动抑制因子MIF:Mllerian inhibitory factor 米勒氏管抑制因子MIG:measles immune globulin 麻疹免疫球蛋白MIT:monoiodotyrosine 一碘酪氨酸MLD:minimum lethal dose 最小致死量MLR:mixed lymphocyte response 混合淋巴细胞反应MM:myeloid metaplasia 骨髓外化生MMEF:maximum mid-expiratory flow 最大呼气中期流量MMM:myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia 骨髓纤维化伴髓外化生MoAb:monoclonal antibody 单克隆抗体6-MP:mercaptopurine 6-巯基嘌呤（抗癌药）MPGN:membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 膜增殖性肾炎（同MCGN）MPO:myeloperoxidase 髓过氧化物酶MPS:mononuclear phagocyte system 单核吞噬细胞系统MPS:mucopolysaccharidoses 粘多糖病MR:mental retardation 精神发育迟滞MR:mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流MR:myelography 脊髓造影MRI:magnetic resonance imaging 磁共振成像MS:mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄MS:multiple sclerosis 多发性硬化MSH:melanocyte-stimulating hormone 促黑素细胞激素，促黑素MSOF:multiple system organ failure 多发性系统器官衰竭MTP:metatarsophalangeal 跖趾（关节）MTX:methotrexate 氨甲蝶呤MVA:mevalonic acid 甲羟戊酸（合成胆固醇的中间代谢物）MVV:maximal voluntary ventilation 最大通气量（同 MBC）m:macrophage 巨噬细胞N:neuraminidase 神经氨酸酶NA:noradrenaline 去甲肾上腺素NA:neutralizing antibody 中和抗体NAD:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(oxidized) 烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（同DPN，即辅酶）NADP:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(oxidized)烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（同TPN，即辅酶）NARES:non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia 嗜酸细胞增多性非变应性鼻炎NBT:nitroblue tetrazolium 亚硝基蓝四氮唑NCF-A:neutrophil chemotactic factor ofanaphylaxis 过敏反应嗜中性细胞趋化因子NDI:nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 肾源性尿崩症NE:norepinephrine 去甲肾上腺素NEC:nerotizing enterocolitis 坏死性小肠结肠炎NGU:nongonococcal urethritis 非淋病性尿道炎NIDDM:noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NIH:U.S.National Institutes of Health 美国国立卫生研究所NK cell:natural killer cells 天然杀伤细胞NMR:nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振（同MRI）NPN:nonprotein nitrogen 非蛋白氮NPT:nocturnal penile tumescence 夜间阴茎勃起NREM:nonrapid-eye-movement 非快眼动（睡眠）NS:nephrotic syndrome 肾变综合征NSAID:nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 非甾体抗炎药OA:osteoarthritis 骨性关节炎OA:orotic acid 乳清酸（合成嘧啶的中间产物）OAF:osteoclast activating factor 破骨细胞活化因子OC:oral contraceptive 口服避孕药OCG:oral cholecystography 口服造影剂胆囊造影OGTT:oral glucose tolerance test 口服糖耐量试验17-OH CS:17-hydroxycorticosteroid 17-羟皮质类固醇OLD:obstructive lung disease 阻塞性肺疾病OPV:oral(live attenuated virus)polio vaccine(Sabin) 口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（萨宾氏）ORS:oral rehydration solution 口服补水溶液OS:opening snap 开瓣音OT:old tuberculin 旧结核菌素OTC:over-the-counter 非处方（药），柜台（药）P:atrial deploration(ECG wave) 心房除极波（心电图）P:proline 脯氨酸-p:short arm of chromosome 染色体短臂P:properdin 备解素（补体活化旁路途径）P:pulmonic second sound 肺动脉瓣第二音PA:pernicous anemia 恶性贫血PCO:arterial carbon dioxide pressure 动脉血三氧化碳分压PAF:platelet-activating factor 血小板活化因子PAH:para-aminohippurate 对氨基马尿酸（肾血浆流量测定）PAM:pyridine aldoxime methiodide 解磷定（有机磷解毒药）PAM:primary amebic meningoencephalitis 原发性阿米巴脑膜脑炎PAM:pulmonary alveolar macrophage 肺泡巨噬细胞PAN:polyarteritis nodosa 结节性多动脉炎PCO:arterial oxygen pressure 动脉血氧分压PO:alveolar oxygen pressure 肺泡氧分压PAP:prostatic acid phosphatase 前列腺酸性磷酸酶Pap:Papanicolaou 巴氏（染色）（找瘤细胞）PAS:para-aminosalicylic acid 对位氨基水杨酸PAS:periodic acid-Schiff(reaction) 过碘酸希夫氏（反应）PAWP:pulmonary arterial wedge pressure 肺小动脉嵌顿压PBC:primary biliary cirrhosis 原发性胆汁性肝硬变PBG:porphobilinogen 卟吩胆色素原PBI:protein-bound iodine 蛋白结合碘PC:phosphatidylcholine 磷脂酰胆碱PCA:passive cutaneous anaphylaxis 被动皮肤过敏反应PCD:plasma cell dyscrasia 浆细胞病PCG:phonocardiography 心音图PCH:paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria 阵发性寒冷性血红蛋白尿PCM:protein-calorie malnutrition 蛋白质能量营养不良PCO syndrome:polycystic ovarian syndrome 多囊卵巢综合征PCP:Pneumocystis crinii pneumonia 卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎，卡氏肺囊虫肺炎PCR:polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链锁反应PCV:packed cell volume 血细胞压积（同HCT）PD:peritoneal dialysis 腹腔透析PDA:patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭PDGF:platelet-derived growth factor 血小板源生长因子PDT:photodynamic therapy 光动力学治疗PE:physical examination 体格检查，体检PECT:positron emission computed tomography 正电子发射计算机断层成像PEEP:positive end-expiratory pressure 呼气终末正压给氧PEFR:peak expiratory flow rate 呼气高峰流量PEG:pneumoencephalography 气脑造影PET:positron emission tomography 正电子发射断层成像PFNA:percutaneons fine needle aspiration 经皮细针抽吸PG:prostaglandin 前列腺素PGI:prostacyclin 前列腺环素PGL:persistent generalized lymphadenopathy 持续性全身淋巴腺病（艾滋病）PGN:proliferative glomerulonephritis 增殖性肾小球肾炎PH:portal hypertension 门静脉高压PHA:passive hemagglutination 被动血细胞凝集作用PHC:primary health care 初级卫生保健Phe:phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸PI:phosphatidylinositol 磷脂酰肌醇PI:protective isolation(reverse isolation) 保护性隔离（反向隔离）PID:pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎PIE:pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia 嗜酸细胞增多性肺浸润PIF:prolactin inhibiting factor 泌乳素抑制因子PIH:pregnancy-induced hypertension 妊娠高血压PIP:proximal interphalangeal 近端指（趾）间（关节）PIT:plasma iron transport rate 血浆铁周转率PKD:polycystic kidney disease 多囊性肾病PK reaction:Prausnitz-Kstner reaction 普库二氏反应（同PCA）PKU:phenylketonuria 苯丙酮尿症PM:polymyositis 多发性肌炎PMA:progressive mucular atrophy 进行性肌萎缩PML:progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy 进行性多灶性脑白质病PMN:polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte 多形核嗜中性白细胞PMR:polymyalgia rheumatica 多发性风湿性肌痛PMS:premenstrual syndrome 经前综合征PMT:premenstrual tension 经前紧张症PMV:prolapse of mitral valve 二尖瓣脱垂PN:polyarteritis nodosa 结节性多动脉炎PNH:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 阵发性夜间血红蛋白尿PNS:partial nonprogressing stroke 非进行性部分中风PNS:peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统PNT:papulonecrotic tuberculid 丘疹坏死性结核疹P.O.:per os 经口POMC:pro-opiomelanocortin 内啡肽-促黑素－促皮质素前体POMR:problem-oriented medical record 以问题为中心的医案记录PP:pellagra preventive 抗糙皮病（因子）（即烟酰胺和烟酸）PP:periodic paralyses 周期性麻痹PP:pancreatic polypeptide 胰多肽PPD:purified protein derivative 纯蛋白衍化物（精制结核菌素）PPLO:pleuropneumonia-like organism 类胸膜肺炎微生物PR interval:PR间期（心电图）PRA:plasma renin activity 血浆肾素活性（同PRC）PRC:plasma renin concentration 血浆肾素浓度（同PRA）PRF:prolactin releasing factor 泌乳素释放因子PRIH:prolactin release-inhibiting hormone 泌乳素释放抑制激素PRIST:paper radio-immuno-sorbent test 试纸放射免疫吸附试验PRL:prolactin 泌乳素Pro:proline 脯氨酸PROM:premature rupture of the membrane 胎膜早破PRP:progesterone receptor protein 孕酮受体蛋白PRPP:phosphoribosy1 pyrophosphate 焦磷酸磷酸核糖（合成嘌呤、嘧啶和辅酶＆的前体）PSA:psoriatic arthritis 银屑病关节炎PSE:portal-systemic encephalopathy 门－体循环性脑病PSGN:poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎PSP:phenolsulfonphthalein 酚磺肽，酚红PSS:progressive systemic sclerosis 进行性系统性硬化症PST:phthalylsulfathiazole 酞磺噻唑PS(V)T:paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia阵发性室上性心动过速PT:prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间PTA:plasma thromboplastin antecedent(factorⅪ)血浆凝血活酶前体（凝血因子Ⅺ）PTC:plasma thromboplastin component(factorⅨ ) 血浆凝血活酶组分（凝血因子Ⅸ）PTC:percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram 经皮肝穿刺胆道造影PTCA:percutaneous transluminal coronaryangioplasty 经皮穿刺冠状动脉管腔内成形术PTH:parathyroid hormone 甲状旁腺素PTT:partial thromboplastin time 部分凝血活酶时间PTU:propylthiouracil 丙基硫氧嘧啶PV:plasma volume 血浆容积PV:polycythemia vera 真性红细胞增多症PVR:peripheral vascular resistance 周围血管阻力PWM:pokeweed mitogen 美洲商陆有丝分裂原PXE:pseudoxanthoma elasticum 弹性假黄瘤PZA:pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺（抗结核药）PZI:protamine zine insulin 鱼精蛋白锌胰岛素-q:long arm of chromosome 染色体长臂:perfusion rate 肺血流灌注率Q fever:query fever 疑向热，Q热QRS complex:ventricular depolarization(ECGwaves) 心室除极波（心电图）QT interval: QT间期（心电图）R:roentgen 伦琴（放射剂量单位）:rate of drug elimination 药物排泄率RA:rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎RA:refractory anemia 难治性贫血rad:radiation absorbed dose 拉德（放射吸收剂量）RAI:radioactive iodine uptake test 放射性碘摄取试验RANA:rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen 类风湿关节炎核抗原RAS:reticular activating system 网状激活系统RAS:renin-angiotensin system 肾素－血管紧张素系统RAS:renal artery stenosis 肾动脉狭窄RAST:radio-allergo-sorbent test 放射－变应－吸附试验RAW:airway resistance 气道阻力RBC:red blood cell 红细胞RBF:renal blood flow 肾血流量RCC:renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌RDA:recommended daily allowance 推荐膳食需要量RDS:respiratory distress syndrome 呼吸窘迫综合征RE system:reticulo-endothelial system 网状内皮系统REF:renal erythropoietic factor 肾生血因子（即EPO）REM:rapid eye movement 快眼动（睡眠）rem:roentgen equivalent of man 雷姆，人体伦琴当量（放射剂量当量）RF:rheumatic fever 风湿热RF:rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子RF:releasing factor 释放因子RFLP:restriction fragment length polymorphism 限制性内切片断长度多样性Rh:Rhesus group of red cell agglutinogen 猕猴血型RH:releasing hormone 释放激素RI:respiratory isolation 呼吸道隔离RIA:radioimmunoassay 放射免疫分析RIF:release inhibiting factor 释放抑制因子RIH:release inhibiting hormone 释放抑制因子RIND:reversible ischemic neurologic disability可逆性缺血性神经系统病RIP:radioimmunoprecipitation 放射免疫沉淀RIST:radioimmunosorbent test 放射免疫吸附试验RLD:restrictive lung disease 限制性肺疾病RMP:rifampin 利福平（抗结核及抗麻风药）RNA:ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸RNP:ribonucleoprotein 核蛋白RPGN:rapidly progressive glomerulonephripis 急进性肾小球肾炎RPHA:revevse passive hemagglutination assay 反向。