构词法之二派生法

派生法又叫词缀法，是指在一个单词的前面或后面加上一个词缀，构成新词的方法。

前缀

①否定前缀

Un+形容词如：

Unhappy 不高兴的unlucky不走运的unimportant 不重要的unusual 不同寻常的unknown 未知的unfair 不公平的

un+副词如：unusually 不同寻常地unhappily 不高兴地

un+动词如：uncover 揭开untie 解开unlock 开锁undress 脱下衣服

im-/in+形容词如：impossible 不可能的impolite 不礼貌的incorrect 不正确的

incredible 难以置信的

mis-+动词如：misunderstand 误解misspell 误拼

dis-+动词如：dislike 不喜欢discover 发现disagree 不同意disappear 消失

②非否定前缀

en-+形容词或名词如：enable 使能够enlarge 使扩大enrich 使变富

encourage 使鼓足勇气

re-+动词如：retell 复述rebuild 重建

后缀

①名词后缀

A．构成表示人的名词的后缀

Traveller hunter reader worker keeper driver

Villager prisoner farmer lawyer

Foreigner stranger

Actor director inentor operator conductor visitor

Actress waitress

Mathematician politician musician

Chinese Japanese Portuguese

American Australian Canadian Indian Italian Russian

artist communist novelist physicist naturalist scientist

B.构成抽象名词与集体名词的后缀

movement government

judgement agreement

announcement operation

action invention pollution decision pronunciation

Friendship leadership hardship

②形容词后缀

Natural musicl spiritual electric plastic medical wooden woolen earthen golden

eastern western northern southern sloudy sunny rainy lucky funny sleepy noisy dusty healthy salty snowy windy dangerous famous serious

③副词后缀

quietly sadly fairly suddenly lately wholly probably suddenly certainly busily carefully fully finally possibly curiously finally easily

④动词后缀

deepen widen weaken redden darken brighten

⑤数词后缀

Thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen eighteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy fourth fifth sixth eighty ninth seventh