(完整word)初中英语被动语态专题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析命题趋势】
被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一,考察内容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动,考察题型主要是选择题,词汇应用和翻译句子等,预计2019年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动,动词填空,完成句子等为主考点。
【概念讲解】
语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,汉语往往用‘被’,‘受’,‘给’等词来表示被动意义,英语里的被字句就叫被动。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
Eg: He wrote the letter. (主动语态)
The letter was written by him. (被动语态)
被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式,be后面的过去分词不变,也就是说被动结构中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化
【主动语态变被动的方法】
1.把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语
2.把主动语态里的谓语动词加be作为被动里的谓语
3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。(①by短语可省略,②
by后的代词用宾格)
1. 找宾语----即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数
3. 判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.
4. 修改谓语的形式----即原句动词改为过去分词
5. 修改原句的主语----即by+(原主语/代词则用宾格).
Eg: They make shoes in that factory.
Shoes are made by them
主变宾,宾变主, 谓动be done
时不变,人称、数、格随着变
小试牛刀:
(2018宁夏模拟)teenagers have to be 18 years old before they ____to drive a car.
A are allowed
B is allowed
C will be allowed
D allow
【被动的几种句式】
肯定句:主+be + 过去分词+(by ~)
否定句:主语+be not +过去分词+(by ~)
一般疑问句:Be +主语+过去分词+(by ~)?
特殊疑问句:疑问词(5W1H)+be+主语+过去分词+(by ~) ?
小试牛刀:
(2018宁夏预测卷)English is widely used around the world.(试变成以上几种句式)
【考点归纳:】
1、五种常考基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时)和带情态动词的被动语态用法。
①一般现在时:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself.
Football is played all over the world
②一般过去时:was/were + 及物动词的过去分词
Eg:The house was built in 1988
His leg was broken in the car accident
③.一般将来时:will/shall +be +及物动词的过去分词
Eg:More factories will be built in the future.
④现在完成时:have/has been +过去分词
Eg :We have been learn t English for 15 years.
Luxun’s book has been translated into many languages.
⑤.带情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成。
Eg: Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
构成,即can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
1.We can repair this watch in two days.
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
2. They should do it at once.
→It should be done at once.
【主变被的特殊情况】
1.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to.
Eg: He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.(他昨天让那男孩工作了两小时)
→.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
→
2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法:
英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语,如tell,show,buy,ask, pass,write,do,make,sell,send,sing,give,answer, teach,offer,pay,promise,allow等,即是说这些动词后面会同时出现人和物做宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语。变为被动语态时如果指物的宾语作主语,指人的宾语前要用介词for或to。
常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand
for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,
以“人”当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;
以“物”当主语时,在保留的间接宾语(人)前必须加to或for.
Eg:he gave me a book.
I was given a book by him.