专四语法(状语从句+反意疑问句)
2015英语专四语法重点总结-反义疑问句
2015英语专四语法重点总结：反义疑问句2015年英语专业英语四级考试已进入冲刺阶段，适当做些模拟练习题有助于同学们在考前着重复习自己的弱项，希望百度文库整理的2015英语专四语法重点总结：反义疑问句能给同学们带来帮助。
1) 反义疑问句的人称(1) 陈述部分主语是"I"时，附加问句的人称分二种情况：A. I hope that…, don't you? I can't believe it, can you?B. I will be 14 tomorrow, aren't I? I am interested in it, aren't I?(2) 陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数，附加问句用it指代。
(3) 陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、no one 、anybody、any one等时看作复数，附加问句用they指代。
(4) 陈述部分主语是不定代词one时，附加问句用one指代。
1. You and I could hardly understand, _could we_____?1995A. could IB. couldn’t youC. couldn’t weD. could we2) 情态动词：(1) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有have to时，附加疑问句通常用助动词do。
(2) 反意疑问句的陈述部分谓语有need时，need做情态动词，附加疑问句仍用need，need做实义动词时，附加问句用助动词do。
(3) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为had better时，附加问用助动词had。
(4) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为would rather时，附加问句用情态动词would(5) 反意疑问句的陈述部分为used to时，附加问句用助动词did。
专四语法 反意疑问句
⒑ 当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问部分 往往与从句保持一致，而且要注意否定转 移。如： ①I suppose that she is careful, isn’t she? ② I don’t believe she has gone home, has she? ③ I don’t think he can do it well, can he? ④I don’t guess he knows it, does he?
3. When you have finished with the book, don’t forget to return it to Tim, ____? (11, 54) A. do you B. will you C. don’t you D. won’t you [B]
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
⒉ 当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing, something等表物的不定代词时，反意疑 问部分的主语常用it.如： ① Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasn’t it?
◆ Let’s 和Let us都表示“让我们”，但用法上不 同。前者包括听话人，后者不包括听话人。正因 如此，它们的反意疑问句的形式常常不同： 以Let’s 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用 shall we. 以Let us开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分常用 will you. 如：
专四语法：反意疑问句
8. 陈述部分是 “had better +动词原 形 时，疑问部分用“had\ hadn’t +主语” • You’d better go to school now, hadn’t you ？
9. 陈述部分为used to 时，反意疑问 句部分动词可用used to 或did • Your father used to drink a lot, usedn't he / didn't he?
反意疑问句
一、反意疑问句的构成
• 前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分 是一个简单的问句。 • 前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定。 • You have been to Beijing, haven’t you? • He hasn’t been to Shanghai, has he?
二、反意疑问句的运用
• 4. You and I could hardly understand, ______? • a. could I b. couldn’t you • c. couldn’t we d. could we 1995
• [D]ຫໍສະໝຸດ 5. There used to be a petrol station near the park, ______? • a. didn’t it • b. doesn’t there • c. usedn’t it • d. didn’t there 2006-65 • [D]
10. 陈述部分动词为“wish”时，反意 疑问句部分用may
• I wish to go there with you, may I?
11. 陈述部分有hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little, never, nobody, nowhere等否定 词或半否定词时，反意疑问句部分 要用肯定形式。 • You seldom go to visit your parents, do you?
专四反义疑问句句型归纳
反义疑问句句型归纳1、Y ou had no time for reading, did you ? \ had you?2、He has a brother, hasn’t he, \ doesn’t he?3、We have to go without him, don’t we ?4、Y ou have your dinner at school, don’t you?5、He has a rest every two hours, doesn’t he?6、This is yo ur last chance to learn from the beginning, isn’t it?7、Those were terrible days for us to recall, weren’t they?8、There are some books you are interested in, aren’t there?9、Let us do it as we please \ like to, will you? \ can you?10、Let’s us do it r ight now, shall we? \ can we?11、Come here, will you? \ won’t you \ can you \ can’t you \ do you \ don’t you?12、Don’t say anything, will you? \ can you? \ do you?13、Tom, you clean the window, will you?14、I think \ say \suppose \ guess \ am sure he w ill come back soon, won’t he?15、I don’t think he will come back , will he?16、He old man never thought he was lonely, did he?17、The old man used to be a farmer, usedn’t he \ didn’t he?18、He ought to come, oughtn’t he \ shouldn’t?19、He seldom goes to the cinema, doesn’t he?( hardly, never, few, little, nothing, nobody)20、It’s unfair, isn’t it?21、One can’t be careful enough, can one \ can he?22、Everything goes well, doesn’t it?23、Everybody agrees with him, doesn’t he \ don’t they?24、All w e needed has been bought, hasn’t it?25、All we invited have arrived, haven’t they?(All refers to people)26、Learning English is very hard, isn’t it?27、He studies hard and he is often praised by his teachers, isn’t he?28、We must be more polite in this occasion, needn’t we?29、He must be a brave man, isn’t he?30、It must have rained last night, didn’t it?31、He mush have known the answer, hasn’t he?32、He can’t have done such a foolish thing, has he?33、I am a student, aren’t I ?34、So he has known the secret, has he?35、Oh, you have the same type of sell phone as I, do you?反义疑问句注意一、反义疑问句是疑问句的一种，它对陈述部分的事实提出相反的疑问，形式上是一个省略问句，附加在陈述句后，即：陈述句+ 逗号+ 省略问句+ 问号Y ou are from America, aren’t you?注意二、遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则（但在祈使句等一些特殊句子中需注意，详细见注意七）Jim isn’t in Class Four, is he?注意三、附加疑问句必须前后两句主语相同Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasn’t he?注意四、附加疑问句部分与主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）1．this 或that改it，无论是否指人This is your brother, isn’t it?2. these或those改theyThose are books ,aren’t they?3. 不定代词one改one或heOne can’t be always young, can one / he?4. something、anything、everything和nothing改itNothing is serious, is it? (注意为什么后面用is it而不是isn’t it?)Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?5. everybody、everyone、somebody、someone、anybody、anyone、nobody改they或he（任选，但选定后注意单复数形式）Everyone knows this, don’t they / doesn’t he?Nobody likes to lose money, does he? (这里最好用he)6.each of改he或theyEach of the boys had an apple, didn’t he / they?7. no one, none, neither, either改they 或heNo one came, did they?8. some of…、none of …改it、they或you（联系上下文或句子）None of the food was delicious, was it?Some of the dustmen have come back, haven’t they?9. 由neither…nor…、not only…but also、both…and…、either…or…、not…but…、…or…、…and…等连接的并列主语，改复数代词Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?Both Tom and Jack came, didn’t they?10. 由动词不定式、动名词、从句或词组构成的主语，改itTo learn English well isn’t easy, is it?Swimming is great fun, isn’t it?11. the + 形容词表示一类人，改复数代词The poor had no right (权力) to speak at the time, did they?12. there 引起的句子（There be句型等），仍用thereThere stands a house and a lot of trees, doesn’t there?There are many children in the park, aren’t there?注意五、附加疑问句部分与谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）(初中阶段14点18点和19点可以常识性了解)1. have (有)改have或doMary has two brothers, doesn’t she / hasn’t she?2. have (有)必须与陈述部分一致He hasn’t a lot of time, has he?Miss Green doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she?3. have不做“有”解释，必须用doThey all have a good time, don’t they?4. have to用do或haveWe have to g et up early, don’t we / haven’t we?5. have got to用haveWe have got to answer all the questions, haven’t we?6. had better用should或hadWe had better go right now, shouldn’t we / hadn’t we?7. can’t（不可能，表示推测）根据can’t或的动词选择相应的形式He can’t be a doctor, is he?The workers can’t have finished their work, have they?8. may 用may + 主语+ not （英语中不用mayn’t）They may be here next week, may they not?9. must(必须)用needn’tY ou must do it today, needn’t you?10. must(应该)用mustn’tI must study hard, mustn’t I?11. mustn’t用must或mayY ou mustn’t talk like that, must you?We mustn’t stay here any longer, must we?12. “must be”对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理2 反义疑问句He must be happy, isn’t he?He must be working hard at the office, isn’t he?must表示推测时，也有用mustn’t的He must have been working very hard, mustn’t he?Y ou must have told Mr Wang the secret, mustn’t you?13. “must + 完成时”表示对过去情况的推测，作一般过去时附加疑问句处理He must have come yesterday, didn’t he?Y ou must have seen the play last week, didn’t you?14. “must + 完成时”用来推测过去的动作持续到现在按现在完成时的附加疑问句来处理Y ou must have studied English for years, haven’t you?He must have lived here for at least ten years, hasn’t he?14. 实义动词need和dear用doHe needs help, doesn’t he?I have never dared to ask him, have I?15. 情态动词need和dear用need和dearHe dare not say so, dare he?We need not do it again, need we?16. needn’t 用need或mustY ou needn’t go yet, need you?He needn’t do that, must he?17. “ would rather + 动词原形”和“would like to + 动词原形”用wouldn’tHe would rather read the t ext ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?Y ou’d like to have some bananas, wouldn’t you?18. “ought to + 动词原形”用oughtn’t 或shouldn’tThe child ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?We ought to go there, shouldn’t we?19. “used to + 动词原形” 用“didn’t + 主语”或“usedn’t + 主语”或“used + 主语+ not”He used to live in London, usedn’t he / didn’t he?He used to play football when he was a child , used he not?注意六、句子中有seldom, hardly, no, not, never, few, little, nothing, nobody, nowhere等是否定句,附加疑问部分必须采用肯定形式Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?He is hardly able to swim, is he?There is little ink in your pen, is there?no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither等作动词的宾语时,附加疑问部分一般采用肯定形式(也偶尔用否定形式)He has nothing to say, does(n’t) he?Y ou got nothing fr om him, did(n’t) you?注意七、一些特殊句型的附加疑问句1. I am…改aren’t II am your friend, aren’t I?2. I wish to do sth或I wish I …改may II wish to go home, may I?I wish I were you, may I?3. 主从复合句,与主句的主谓语保持一致He says that I did it, doesn’t he?Da vid wouldn’t go there if it rained, would he?4. 并列句,与邻近的分句保持一致Mary is a nice girl, but she had one short-coming, hadn’t she?5. 表示邀请,请求的祈使句,附加疑问部分用will you或won’t you或would you等,一般只要记住will you就可以了,不遵循前否定后肯定或前肯定后否定的原则Come here, will you?Turn off the light, will you?Do sit down, will you?6. 表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句，用will you、can you、would you或can’t you、won’t you Stop talking, can you?Write down the new words, will you / won’t you?7. 否定的祈使句用will you或can youDon’t make a noise, will / can you?8. Let me …用will you 或may ILet me help you, may I?Let me do it, will you?9. Let’s …表示建议包括听话人在内，用shall weLet’s go for a walk, shall we?10. let us …表示允许，不包括听话人在内，用will youLet us do it by ourselves, will you?11. Let接第三人称宾语时用will youLet him come in, will you?12. Let’s not … 用OK或all rightLet’s not go to the party, OK / all right?13. 感叹句用一般现在时be的形式（故事中用一般过去时be的形式）What fine weather, isn’t it?How clever the boy is, isn’t he?How hard she works, isn’t she?。
专四语法三：反义疑问句
五、若陈述部分是由neither…nor…， either…or…， both…and…， not only…but also…等连词连接的两个名词或代词做句子主 语时，疑问部分的主语用复数代词代替。 例如：Both Lucy and Lily came to this party， didn't they？ Not only Kate but also Jane likes dancing， don't they？ Either you or Li Ping is going to the meeting， aren't you？
十四、在陈述部分中，Let's 引导的祈使句若是肯定 句，疑问部分用"shall we？"； Let's 引导的祈使句 若是否定句，疑问部分用"OK？"或"all right？". 例 如：Let's go to school， shall we？ Let's not go to see the film， OK？ /all right？ 注：Let's 引导的祈使句若是肯定句，疑问部分间 或可用"shan't we？"， 但含义和"shall we"有区别。 试比较：Let's go dancing， shall ↗ we？ 咱们去跳 舞，好吗？（征求意见，读时用升调。） Let's go dancing， shan't ↘ we？ 咱们该去跳舞 了吧？（提醒对方，读时用降调。）
四、若陈述部分的主语是one时，疑问部分 的主语常用"one"代替，偶尔用"you"代替。 例如：One can't know what will happen in the future， can one？ /can you？ One should learn more knowledge now， shouldn't one？ /shouldn't you？
专四语法及练习情态动词,倒装句和反意疑问句
(4)should 除了“应该”一层意思外，大纲还规定要掌握 其“竟然”的意思。如： I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.
二， 倒装结构
1. 倒装测试范围和应对策略 倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装。谓语部 分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装，谓 语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装， 谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词；2、 助动词；3、情态动词。但从近几年的测试 来看，重点是部分倒装。对于倒装句型同 学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒 装，并且如何倒装。注意下面常见的倒装 条件。
5. 以状语（常见的是地点状语）开头的句子。 Under the tree sat an old man. On the hay lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.
6. 现在分词和过去分词可提至句首构成"分词+ be + 主语+其它+的倒装句式。如： Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl. Glooming in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find, radium. 7. so/such…. that句型中，so + 形容词/副词提前， 主谓倒装。如： So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway. Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night.
专四语法-反意、倒装、强调
You
We’d You’d
既能做实义动词又能做情态动词
实义动词 need/ dare…, do…? He needs to buy a book, doesn’t he? You dared the danger of losing your job, didn’t you? 情态动词 need/ dare…, need/dare…? I need not come today, need I ? She dare not walk in the darkness, dare she?
其它情态动词
I
ought to complain, shouldn’t I (AmE)/ oughtn’t I (BrE)? used to smoke a pipe, usedn’t you (BrE) / didn’t you (AmE)? better take off the coats, hadn’t we? rather stay in bed than get up to eat, wouldn’t you?
04: 50. ______ both sides accept the agreement ______ a lasting peace be established in this region.
a. Only if, will b. If only, would c. Should, will d. Unless, would
neither, nor, so, as + 助动词 + sub. If you can do it, so can I. If you can’t do it, neither can I.
专四语法4 - 反意疑问句(1)
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Tag Questions
例6: A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, ______ ? （1992－59） A. need it C. does it
expect/imagine/fancy/ believe等结构的句 子中，反意疑问句的形式要根据后半部分而 定，但是肯定与否由此处说话人的观点来决 定, 例如：
I suppose you’re going today, aren’t you? I don’t think he will come, will he?
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Tag Questions
5. 有情态动词的反意疑问句句型
当陈述部分有dare或need时,若dare和need为 实义动词,疑问部分的谓语用do的适当形式; 若dare和need为情态动词时,疑问部分用dare 或need构成.例如: We need to do it, don't we? You daren't go there, dare you?
I’m late, aren’t I ? I am doing well, ain’t /aren’t I ?
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5.陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问 部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, mayestions
Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we（或用 shan't we) ? ；Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you（或won't you）? Let's go and listen to the music, shall we（ or: shan't we)? Let us wait for him in the reading-room, will you （or: won't you）?
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5．陈述句中是非限定人称代词one时，正式 文体中，简短问句的主语为one，而非正式 文体中用you。例如: • One must be honest, mustn’t one?
6．含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简 短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。但如 果主句是I think, I suppose, I believe, I suspect, I imagine 等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主 语与谓语之间的关系。例如： • They agreed that the United States shouldn’t make a war on Iraq, didn’t they? • I suppose (that) he is serious, isn’t he? • 注意：否定词移位的情况，如： • I don’t suppose (that) he is serious, is he?
6． 条件状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, supposing that, in case that, on condition that • You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. • Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
2． 地点状语从句 ． • 特 殊 引 导 词 ： wherever, anywhere, everywhere • 句型1：Where＋地点从句，（there）＋主句。 • 【 注 意 】 此 句 型 通 常 译 成 “ 哪 里 …… 哪 里 就……”；主句在从句后面时，there可用可不用； 如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there。例 如： • Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方，耕作是困难的， 或根本不可能的。 • They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好 人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。
9. 方式状语从句 • 常用引导词：as, as if, how • 特殊引导词：the way • Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
反意疑问句
1. 当 陈 述 句 的 主 语 是 everyone, everybody, someone, somebody时，简短问句中的主语通常用they。如果陈述 句的主语是非人称的复合词，如everything, something, anything, 则简短问句中相应的人称代词是单数的中性词it。 例如: • Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday, didn’t they? • Nobody came, did they? • Anybody can read the book, can’t they? • Everyone thinks they’re the center of the universe, don’t they? • Nothing can stop us now, can it?
7． 让步状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须 要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever • Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal. 尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建 议。 • The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough. • No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. • He won’t listen whatever you may say.
4． 目的状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that， in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that • The teacher raised his voice for the purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. • He must run fast lest he（should） miss the train. 他必须快跑，免得赶不上火 车。
3．如果陈述句中包含有如下的否定或半否定词, 如 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, little, few, nowhere, nothing，则简短问句通常用肯定形式。但如果陈 述句中仅包含有否定前缀，则简短问句中用否定 形式。例如： – He was unsuccessful, wasn’t he? – The rules are invariable, aren’t they? – He seldom pays more attention to his pronunciation, does he? – He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? – Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?
7．如果陈述句的谓语动词是have (当 “拥有”讲 时), 简短问句可用have形式或用do形式。例如： • You have a nice house, haven’t/don’t you? • 但如果陈述句是否定形式时，简短问句中动 词的选择则由陈述句中的动词形式而定。例如： • He hasn’t a house of his own, has he? • He doesn’t have a house of his own, does he? • 如果陈述句中的动词 have 表示“经历，遭 受，得到，吃”的意思时，则简短问句中的动词 用 do的形式。例如： • You often have headaches, d
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You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产 党，哪里人民得解放。 句型2：Anywhere/ wherever＋地点从句，＋ 主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可 以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位 于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词，表示 “在何处，无论何处”。例如： Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有 海就有海员。
状语从句特殊连词
1． 时间状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day ， the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when • The children ran away from the orchard(果 园), the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home, than it • began to rain. • Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
4．陈述句中是I am时，简短问句则用aren’t I。 例如: • I am an excellent English speaker, aren’t I? • I am late, aren’t I? • I must finish the work today, mustn't I? • I am not late, am I?
8． 比较状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B • The house is three times as big as ours. • It's not so much that the machine is out of order as （ that ） / but (rather) I have not learned to operate it． • Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
5． 结果状语从句 ． • 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that • It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. • To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.