中文菜谱常见翻译方法

中文菜谱常见翻译方法中餐菜谱不容易翻译，原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达，对菜名特别讲究。

菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成，因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。

其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料，刀法和烹调方法。

由此可见，要译好菜谱，就必须知道一些主要的用料，刀法，烹调方法及某些准备步骤，希望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助：1．常见的用料鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goose 鱼类 fish 肉类 meat猪肉pork 牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal 羊肉 mutton 小羊肉 lamb牛尾 oxtail 里脊fillet 排骨 spareribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe肝 liver 舌 tongue 下水offals 蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chickenbreast 甲鱼 turtle 海味 seafood虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop 螃蟹crab 鱿鱼 squid 海蛰 jellyfish黄鳝 finless eel 海螺 whelk 野味 game 兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon鹌鹑 quail 龙虾 lobster 牡蛎 oyster 田螺 snail 田鸡 frog蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon 香肠sausage 火腿 ham 熊掌bear’s paw鱼翅shark’s fin燕窝bird’s nest2．煮前的准备工作去骨 boning 例如，去骨鸭掌打鳞 scaling 例如，去鳞鱼 scaled fish 剥/去皮 skinning 例如，去皮田鸡 skinned frogs 脱壳 shelling 例如，虾仁 shelled shrimps 腌制 pickling 例如，咸酸菜 pickled vegetables 3. 常用刀法及用料形状（1）常用刀法切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet 切碎 mince捣烂mash 酿入 stuff(2) 常用用料形状肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices 肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes 肉末 minced meat 肉丸 meat balls 肉馅 meat filling（1）直译法。

英译时把对应的制作方法译出来，再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。

如：炖牛肉 Stewed Beef（2）直译加注法。

英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意，然后再补充说明其内在含义。

如：狮子头Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce(3) 意译法。

此法可分为三种情况：1）原料+with+作料。

以原料为中心词，有时捎带把烹调法也译出，再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。

如：海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce2) 作料+原料。

即把作料用作修饰语，放在中心词原料的前面。

如：咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork3) 以“实”对“虚”法。

即舍去中菜名里的喻义，夸张等说法而用平直，明白的英语译出。

如：发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken4) “移花接木”法。

借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食，因为它们之间有许多相似之处。

译文地道，通俗易懂，能收到事半功倍的效果。

如：烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli5) 音译加释义法。

先按中文用拼音译出，然后再加以解释性的英译，使英译文保留点“中国味”。

如：包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun 馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread6)“随机应变”法：原料+地名+Style。

应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style5. 中餐常见的烹调方法中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种，但大体不离：煮（boiling）, 煲/炖（stewing）,烧/焖/烩（braising）, 煎（frying）,炒（stir-frying）,爆（quick-frying）,炸（deep-frying）,扒（frying and simmering）, 煸（sauteing）,煨（simmering）, 熏（smoking）,烤（roasting/barbecuing）, 烘（baking）, 蒸（steaming）, 白灼（scalding）等基本方法。

煮 boiled. 如“煮咸牛肉” （Boiled Corned Beef）煲/炖 stewed. 如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup)烧braised. 如“红烧牛蹄” (Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce)煎（pan-）fried. 如“煎明虾” （Fried Prawns）炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁”（Stir-Fried Chicken Dices）爆 quick-fried. 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce) 炸 deep-fried. 如“炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns)扒fried and simmered. 如“虾子扒海参” （Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimps Roe）煸sauted . 如“干煸鳝鱼” (Sauted Eel Slices)煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” （Simmered Beef）焖 braised 如“黄酒焖猪排” (Braised pork chops in rice wine)烩 braised 如“烩鸡丝” （Braised chicken shreds with peas）熏 smoked 如“熏鱼” (Smoked Fish)烘 baked 如“烘鸽” （Baked Pigeon）蒸 steamed 如“蒸鲜鱼” （Steamed Fresh Fish）酱/醋 marinated 如“酱鸡” （Marinated Chicken）卤 spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”（Spicy Duck）涮 instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉” （Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices）酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” （Stuffed Green Pepper）清蒸 steamed (in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼” （Steamed Mandarin Fish）清炖 stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼” （Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup）白灼/微煮 scalded 如“白灼海虾”（Scalded Prawns）红烧 braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋” （Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce）干烧 in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝” （Scallop in Pepper Sauce）麻辣 with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”（Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd）酱爆 in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁” （Diced Pork in Bean Sauce）鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝” （Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce）糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” （Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce）宫保 with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁” （Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts）脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼” （Crisp Fish）香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” （Crisp Fried Chicken）焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” （Fried Fish Slices in Sauce）甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”（Sweet & Sour Pork）胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” （Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili）油淋 drip-fried with oil 如“油淋兔” （Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil）干煸 dry-sauteed 如“干煸季豆” （Dry-sauteed String Beans）盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾” （Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water）家常 home style 如“家常豆腐”（Bean Curd Home Style）陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如“陈皮鸡” （Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel）回锅 double-sauteed 如“回锅肉” （Double-sauteed Pork Slices）五香 spiced 如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”（Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast）软炸 soft deep-fried 如“软炸里脊” （Soft-fried Pork Fillet）酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” （Crisp Fried Lamb Breast）铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” （Grilled Baby Pigeon）烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”（Roast Suckling Pig）砂锅 in casserole 如“砂锅鱼翅” （Shark’s Fin in Casserole）锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” （Sea Slug with Sizzling / Crispy Rice Crust）芙蓉 with egg white 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white)麻酱 with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”（Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste）三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” （Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies）醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” （Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce）凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” （Jellyfish in Soy Sauce）酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” （Hot and Sour Cucumber）姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” （Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce）蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” （ Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce）蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” （Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic）什锦 mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli)茄汁 in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯”（Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce）咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” （Fried Beef withy Curry）八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies 如“八宝鸡” （Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies）葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊肉” （Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce）粉蒸 steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉” （Steamed Beef in Rice Flour）奶油 in cream sauce 如“奶油鱼肚” （Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce）木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉” （Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus）辣味 in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾” （Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” （Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce）黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” （Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）椒盐 with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨” （Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt）怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” （Multi-flavored Chicken）西餐 (Western Food)头盘及沙拉类1腌熏三文鱼Smoked Salmon2腌三文鱼Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers3 凯撒沙拉Caesar Salad4 鲜蘑鸡肝批Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels5 奶酪瓤蟹盖Baked Stuffed Crab Shell6 鲜果海鲜沙拉Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit7 厨师沙拉Chef's Salad8 金枪鱼沙拉Tuna Fish Salad9 尼斯沙拉Salad Nicoise汤类10 奶油蘑菇汤11 奶油胡萝卜汤Cream of Carrot Soup12 奶油芦笋汤Cream of Asparagus Soup13 番茄浓汤Traditional Tomato Soup14 海鲜周打汤Seafood Chowder15 法式洋葱汤French Onion Soup16 牛肉清汤Beef Consommé17 匈牙利浓汤Hungarian Beef Goulash18 香浓牛尾汤Oxtail Soup19 意大利蔬菜汤Minestrone Soup20 蔬菜干豆汤Hearty Lentil Soup21 牛油梨冻汤Chilled Avocado Soup22 西班牙番茄冻汤Gazpacho禽类23 红酒鹅肝Braised Goose Liver in Red WineChicken Cordon Bleu25 烧瓤春鸡卷Grilled Stuffed Chicken Rolls26 红酒烩鸡Braised Chicken with Red Wine27 烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅Baked Chicken Breast Stuffed with Mushrooms and Cheese 28 炸培根鸡肉卷Deep-Fried Chicken and Bacon Rolls29 水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁Poached Chicken Breast with Balsamic Sauce30 烤火鸡配红浆果少司Roast Turkey with Cranberry Sauce31 烤瓤火鸡Roast Stuffed Turkey32 烧烤鸡腿Barbecued Chicken Leg33 烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条Roasted Lemon Marinade Chicken Leg with French Fries34 扒鸡胸Char-Grilled Chicken Breast35 咖喱鸡Chicken Curry36 秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆Pan-fried Duck Breast with Sautéed Potatoes and Truffles 牛肉类37 红烩牛肉38 白烩小牛肉Fricasseed Veal39牛里脊扒配黑椒少司Grilled Beef Tenderloin with Black Pepper Sauce40 扒肉眼牛排Grilled Beef Rib-Eye Steak41 西冷牛排配红酒少司Roast Beef Sirloin Steak with Red Wine Sauce42 T骨牛扒T-Bone Steak43 烤牛肉Roast Beef44 罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁Beef Tenderloin and Goose Liver with Truffle and Port Wine Sauce 45 青椒汁牛柳Beef Tenderloin Steak with Green Peppercorn Sauce46 铁板西冷牛扒Sizzling Sirloin Steak47 香煎奥斯卡仔牛排Pan-fried Veal Steak Oscar with Hollandaise Sauce48 咖喱牛肉Beef Curry49 威灵顿牛柳Fillet Steak Wellington50 俄式牛柳丝Beef StroganoffBraised Ox-Tongue52 红烩牛膝Osso Bucco53 黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮Venison Fillet Black Pepper Coat with Wild Mushroom and Celery Brick 猪肉类54 烧烤排骨Barbecued Spare Ribs55 烟熏蜜汁肋排Smoked Spare Ribs with Honey56 意大利米兰猪排Pork Piccatta57 瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁Stuffed Poke Roulade With Yellow Peach Sauce58 煎面包肠香草汁Pan-fried Swiss Meat Loaf with Pesto Sauce59 炸猪排Deep-Fried Pork Chop羊肉类60 扒羊排Grilled Lamb Chop61 扒新西兰羊排Grilled New Zealand Lamb Chop62 烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁Roast Lamb Chop with Cheese and Red Wine Sauce63 羊肉串Lamb KebabsRoasted Mutton Leg鱼和海鲜类65 海鲜串Seafood Kebabs66 扒金枪鱼Grilled Tuna Steak67 扒挪威三文鱼排Grilled Norwegian Salmon Fillet68 三文鱼扒配青柠黄油Grilled Salmon with Lime Butter69 比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁Braised Sole fillet & Sea Scallops with Red Wine and Walnuts 70 煎比目鱼Pan-fried Whole Sole71 烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱Roasted Salmon Fille t With Pesto Black Olive Purée72 烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁Roasted Salmon Steak With Tagliatelle & Saffron Sauce73 煎红加吉鱼排Grilled Red Snapper Fillet74 黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳Grilled Fish Fillet in Lemon Butter Sauce75 扒大虾Grille king Prawns76 蒜茸大虾Grilled King Prawns with Garlic Herb Butter77 巴黎黄油烤龙虾Baked Lobster with Garlic Butter78 奶酪汁龙虾Gratinated Lobster in Mornay Sauce 79 香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈Deep-Fried Squid Rings80 荷兰汁青口贝Gratinated Mussels Hollandaise Sauce 蛋类81 火腿煎蛋Fried Eggs with Ham82 洛林乳蛋饼Quiche Lorraine83 熘糊蛋Scrambled Eggs面、粉及配菜类84 海鲜通心粉Macaroni with Seafood85 海鲜意粉Spaghetti with Seafood86 意大利奶酪千层饼Cheese Lasagna87 什莱奶酪比萨饼Pizza Vegetarian88 海鲜比萨Seafood Pizza89 烤牛肉蘑菇比萨Roast Beef and Mushroom Pizza90 肉酱意大利粉Spaghetti Bolognaise91 意大利奶酪馄饨Cheese Ravioli in Herbed Cream Sauce 92 咖喱海鲜炒饭Stir-Fried Seafood Rice with Curry 93 红花饭Saffron Rice94 阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭Couscous with Vegetables95 西班牙海鲜饭Paella96 牛肉汉堡包Beef Burger97 鸡肉汉堡包Chicken Burger98 美式热狗American Hot Dog99 俱乐部三文治Club Sandwich100 金枪鱼三文治Tuna Fish Sandwich101 烤牛肉三文治Roasted Beef Sandwich102 健康三文治Healthy Sandwich103 烟熏三文鱼Smoked Salmon104 土豆泥Mashed Potatoes105 里昂那土豆Lyonnaise Potatoes106 公爵夫人土豆Duchesse Potatoes107 烩红椰菜Braised Red Cabbage with Apple 甜品西点类108 黑森林蛋糕Black Forest Cake109 英式水果蛋糕English Fruit Cake110 草莓奶酪蛋糕Strawberry Cheese Cake111 草莓蛋糕Strawberry Cake112 蓝莓奶酪蛋糕Blueberry Cheese Cake113 美式奶酪蛋糕American Cheese Cake114 绿茶奶酪蛋糕Green Tea Cheese Cake115 意大利提拉米苏Italian Tiramisu116 大理石奶酪蛋糕Marble Cheese Cake117 咖啡奶酪蛋糕Coffee Cheese Cake118 红莓松糕Cranberry Muffin119 干果派Mixed Nuts Pie120 蓝莓松糕Blueberry Muffin121 琳泽蛋糕Linzer Cake122 芒果木司蛋糕Mango Mousse Cake123 苹果派Apple Pie124 草莓酥条Strawberry Napoleon Sliced 125 巧克力榛子蛋糕Chocolate Hazelnut Cake 126 巧克力木司Chocolate Mousse127 水果脆皮酥盒Puff Pastry with Fruits 128 维也纳巧克力蛋糕Sacher Cake129 热情果木司Passion Mousse130 杏仁多纳圈Almond Donuts131 牛奶巧克力多纳圈Milk Chocolate Donuts132 鲜水果配沙巴洋Fruit with Sabayon133 水果蛋挞Fresh Fruit Tart134 白巧克力奶油布丁White Chocolate Brulee135 绿茶布丁Green Tea Pudding136 芒果布丁Mango Pudding137 热枣布丁Warm Sticky Date Pudding138 香草布丁Vanilla Pudding139 焦糖布丁Cream Caramel / Caramel Custard 140 果仁布朗尼Walnut Brownies141 咖啡剧本蛋糕Coffee Opera Slice饼干及其它142 手指饼Lady Finger143 蝴蝶酥Butterfly Cracker144 巧克力曲奇Chocolate Cookies145 爆米花(甜/咸)Popcorn(Sweet/Salt)146 香草冰淇淋Vanilla Ice Cream147 巧克力冰淇淋Chocolate Ice Cream148 草莓冰淇淋Strawberry Ice Cream149 绿茶冰淇淋Green Tea Ice Cream150 冰霜Sherbets151 冰糖莲子银耳羹Candied Lotus Seed & White Fungus Soup 152 草莓奶昔Strawberry Milk Shake153 巧克力奶昔Chocolate Milk Shake154 咖啡奶昔Coffee Milk Shake面包类155 水果丹麦Fruit Danish156 牛角包Croissant157 袋子包Pita Bread Plain158 农夫包Farmer Bread159 洋葱包Onion Loaf160 全麦包Whole Wheat Bread161 软包Soft Roll162 硬包Hard Roll163 长法棍French Baguette吐司面包Toast中国小吃英文表达中式早點烧饼 Clay oven rolls油条 Fried bread stick韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings 水饺 Boiled dumplings蒸饺 Steamed dumplings馒头 Steamed buns割包 Steamed sandwich饭团 Rice and vegetable roll 蛋饼 Egg cakes皮蛋 100-year egg咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg豆浆 Soybean milk饭类稀饭 Rice porridge白饭 Plain white rice油饭 Glutinous oil rice糯米饭 Glutinous rice卤肉饭 Braised pork rice蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee面类馄饨面 Wonton & noodles刀削面 Sliced noodles麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles鴨肉面 Duck with noodles鱔魚面 Eel noodles乌龙面 Seafood noodles榨菜肉丝面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles板条 Flat noodles米粉 Rice noodles炒米粉 Fried rice noodles冬粉 Green bean noodle汤类鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup貢丸汤 Meat ball soup蛋花汤 Egg & vegetable soup蛤蜊汤 Clams soup牡蛎汤 Oyster soup紫菜汤 Seaweed soup酸辣汤 Sweet & sour soup馄饨汤 Wonton soup猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup肉羹汤 Pork thick soup鱿鱼汤 Squid soup花枝羹 Squid thick soup甜点爱玉 Vegetarian gelatin糖葫芦 Tomatoes on sticks长寿桃 Longevity Peaches芝麻球 Glutinous rice sesame balls 麻花 Hemp flowers双胞胎 Horse hooves冰类绵绵冰 Mein mein ice麦角冰 Oatmeal ice地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice紅豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰 Eight treasures ice豆花 Tofu pudding果汁甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice酸梅汁 Plum juice杨桃汁 Star fruit juice青草茶 Herb juice点心牡蛎煎 Oyster omelet臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐 Oily bean curd麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd虾片 Prawn cracker虾球 Shrimp balls春卷 Spring rolls蛋卷 Chicken rolls碗糕 Salty rice pudding筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding红豆糕 Red bean cake绿豆糕 Bean paste cake糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes萝卜糕 Fried white radish patty 芋头糕 Taro cake肉圆 Taiwanese Meatballs水晶饺 Pyramid dumplings肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings 豆干 Dried tofu其他当归鸭 Angelica duck槟榔 Betel nut火锅 Hot pot。