欧洲文化概况各章总结ppt

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ANCIENT GREECE AND THE HELLENISTIC AGE
The history of Ancient Greece runs from 2000 BC until the Romans conquered the country in 146 BC can be 5 ages: Bronze Age, Iron Age, the Archaic Age, the Classic Age and the Hellenistic Age. These 5 ages recorded Ancient Greece from founding to flourishing and then collapse. Ancient Greece have made great contribution to Western culture. They achieved so much in politics, literature, art and philosophy. Why? The reasons probably connected with Greeks' tolerance both of religion and of ideas and their love of balance and harmony.
Movie: The Red and the Black
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The seventeenth century
The principle question that arose on the seventeenth century was to do with authority. In Politics it was about who had the right to authority and in what ways it should be used. In Philosophy it was a question of where authority lies, within the individual or outside of the individual. In science it was to do with establishing the authority of evidence through the use of scientific method. In religion it was about whether authority lies with the individual or with the church. The seventeenth century produced opposing forms of government which would continue to struggle with each other until the twentieth century. It also produced the tools, which enabled both theorists and practically minded people of the eighteenth century to do four things—to analyze, to classify, to secularize and to industrialize.
Movie: A Horseman on the Roof
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THE NINETEENTH CENTURY :1800-1870
The Industrial Revolution is a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way.Knowledge of innovation was spread by several means. Workers who were trained in the technique might move to another employer or might be fired. A common method was for someone to make a study tour, gathering information where he could. The population of England had more than doubled from 8.3 million in 1801 to 16.8 million in 1850 and, by 1901, had nearly doubled again to 30.5 million.And in this period, the literature has a great improvement, the Romanism and realism come into being, and architecture, music and science also made huge practical advances.
Movie: Girl with a Pearl Earring
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The eighteenth century
It was a century of radical new ideas and discussion. In the first part of the century, this belief in rational progress was accompanied by an increase in sensibility, which was first revealed in the novel. It is also a century of political change. Britain moved into a dominant position in Europe, and Prussia and Russia both fought their way into European politics. Science, legal systems, technology, agriculture and economics developed a lot in this century. In the arts there was a greater emphasis on feeling and pleasure, and a growth in awareness of the individual.
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JUDAEO-CHRISTIANITY -Religions of the Book
Judaism and Christianity are separate religions, and Christianity grew out of Judaism. In this chapter, we are going to learn the history of the two religions and the two sacred books-the Old and the New Testament. In the history part, we are going to learn the Hebrews and Jews, the origin, growth and persecution of the religion and establishment of churches. In the books, we are going to learn the creation and the law of Moses, the history of Israel and the texts of the New Testament, along with some other famous poetry and stories.
Movie: the Passion of the Christ
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THE MIDDLE AGES
The European Middle Ages is sometimes called the Age of Faith, since culture was dominated by the church and Christian belief. It was a time during which society suffered invasions and confusion and only gradually gained stability. Throughout the period there were many social changes which brought intellectual progress but also religious controversy, intolerance and a new phenomenon, the religious war. In this chapter, we are going to learn the collapse of the Roman Empire, the churchmen, the development of literature in the early part. And the famous chivalry culture, social and intellectual changes, the controversy and struggles, arts and science in the late part.
Movie: Knights of the Round Table
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The renaissath the improvement in agriculture and the growth of towns, the period of renaissance and reformation came. The population increased. The Black Death of 1348 greatly altered the structure of society and changed the barter economy into the money economy. With the growth of the sea trade, prosperity was brought to the coastal towns of Italy. During this period of time, the rulers of Italian city-states became more and more interested in art and learning. People freed themselves form a medieval outlook and emphasized new values of individuality, independent thought, rationalism, and the enjoyment of this life. The Renaissance and the Reformation together were a turning point in the development of Western culture. During the Renaissance, critical observation, careful study, and the weighing of evidence were introduced.