高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列(十六)

2012届高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（十六）

重点单词详解

1．abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃 n. 放任；放纵

abandon oneself to 沉湎于(相当于be addicted to)

abandon one's country 背弃祖国

abandon one's friend 背弃朋友

abandon a bad habit 戒除恶习

abandon one's hope / plan / idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/主意

with abandon 放纵地；肆意地

abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；自暴自弃的；无耻的；堕落的

abandonment n. 遗弃；抛弃

1)The match ________ ________ because of bad weather. 比赛因天气恶劣而取消。

2)He ________ ________ ________ despair. 他陷入绝望中。

3)The broken bike was found______by the riverside. 人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。

4)________ ship or ________ hope. 不弃船，必死无疑。(要么放弃船要么放弃希望。) 【答案】1)was abandoned 2)abandoned himself to 3)abandoned 4)Abandon; abandon (1)用abandon的适当形式填空

1)我们必须力劝吸烟的人戒掉这个习惯。

We must urge people who smoke to ________ ________ ________.

2)我放弃了当医生的梦想。

I abandoned________ ________ ________ ________ a doctor.

3)那位年轻人除了沉溺于玩乐什么都不做。

The young man does nothing but ________ ________ ________ pleasure.

【答案】1)abandon the habit 2)my dream of being 3)abandon himself to

(2)名校押题

1) The project had to be abandoned largely ________ a lack of government funding. A．according to B．due to C．in the name of D．in the eyes of 【答案与解析】 B 考查短语辨析。题意：主要由于缺乏政府资金而使得这项工程被迫放弃。according to“根据”；due to“由于”；in the name of“以……名义”；in the eyes of“在……心目中；从……来看”。

2) Five days after the earthquake, rescuers ________ all hope of finding any more survivors.

A．abandoned B．accumulated C．attached D．advocated

【答案与解析】 A abandon “放弃”； accumulate “积累”； attach “附加”； advocate “提倡”。A项符合题意。

2．preserve vt. 保护；保存；保养；贮存

preserve...from... 保护……以免……

preservation n. 保存；保管

preservative n. 防腐剂

1)We must encourage the planting of trees ________ ________ our existing forests. 我们必须鼓励植树并且保护现有的森林。

2)We will do everything ________ ________ peace. 我们将尽一切努力维护和平。

【答案】1)and preserve 2)to preserve

(1)完成句子

1)The government ________ ________ ________ of the individual person. 政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。

2)Salt and spices help ________ ________ ________. 盐和调味品有助于贮存肉类。

【答案】1)preserves the rights 2)to preserve meat

(2)名校押题

In summer, large crops of fruit may be ________ by freezing or bottling. A．prevented B．preserved C．reserved D．protected

【答案与解析】 B preserve“储藏；保存”，主要指防止(食物)腐败，强调使不受破坏。3．witness vt.当场见到；目击；为……作证 vi.作证 n．目击者；证人；证据

give witness on behalf of sb 替某人作证

be a witness to... 是……的目击者

witness to sth / doing sth 作证/证明某事/做某事

bear / give witness to sth 作证；证明某事

1)I was ________ ________ ________their quarrel. 我是他们吵架时的目击者。

2)We were ________ the most important scientific development of the century. 我们正见证着本世纪最重要的科学进展。

3)I________ the traffic accident. 我目睹了那次交通事故。

4)He ________ ________ having seen the man enter the building. 他作为证明看到那个男人进入这个建筑物的证人。

【答案】1)a witness to 2)witnessing 3)witnessed 4)witnessed to

(1)用witness的适当形式填空

1)The police found the ________ ________the murder case.

2)Life without a friend is death without ________.

【答案】1)witness to 2)witness

(2)名校押题

Our country has________great changes in the past 20 years , which are the result of reform and opening-up.

A．appeared B．happened C．taken place D．witnessed

【答案与解析】 D 考查动词词义辨析。首先要选择及物动词，而appear，happen，take place 都是不及物动词，同时只有witness合适。题意：我们国家见证了过去20年间所经历的巨大变化，这是改革开放的结果。

4．occur vi. 发生；出现，存在；被想起；浮现

occurance n. 发生的事情；存在的事情；发生；存在；出现

occur to sb发生在某人身上

It occurs to sb to do sth某人想起做某事；某人突然想起……

1)That plane crash ________ only minutes after take－off. 那飞机在起飞几分钟后就撞毁了。

2)A brilliant idea________ ________ me.＝ A brilliant idea________ ________ me.＝

A brilliant idea ________ me. 我想到一个极好的主意。

3)It ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ he might be in trouble. 我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。

4)Misprints ________ on every page. 每页都有印刷错误。