Welfare comparison of China and the United States
A Brief Comparison of Chinese and Western Festival
A Brief Comparison of Chinese and Western FestivalsI. IntroductionFestival is defined as a special occasion on which people may give thanks for a harvest, commemorate an honored person or event, pay respect to the dead, or celebrate a culture. Festival, as a cultural phenomenon, comes into being during the course of human development and historical evolution. This unique cultural phenomenon embodies human cognition and attention to the natural environments and peripheral surroundings. As we know, a diverse multitude of festivals are enjoyed worldwide. Although the different regions, nations, religions and cultures bring about multifarious festivals, and the means of celebration vary from one place to another, most of people bear common feelings for the festivals, that is praying for happiness and health, fulfilling the good will, and showing the love of life. The festival celebration also expresses people’s reminiscent mood for traditions and convey their aspiration to pursue the dreams.Festival is considered as “ a carrier of culture”, or an embodiment of the patterns of behavior and thinking that people learn, create and share. Through this unique and specific phenomenon, it is more convenient and direct for the researcherto probe into the deeper layer of human culture. Moreover, the festival provides us a shortcut to explore the divergence and similarity of two cultures. As we know, it is impossible for us to make research on all aspects of festival customs since culture itself is a very complicated phenomenon. Thus, I just choose some representative and well-known festivals--- Spring Festival & Christmas Day to make a brief comparison.II. Comparison of Spring Festival & Christmas Day1. Origin of the HolidaysIn China, Spring Festival is the first and foremost one that should be mentioned. Spring Festival is also known as the Chinese New Year. Spring Festival starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year and ends on the full moon 15 days later. So the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February. The Spring festival celebrates the earth coming back to life, and the start of ploughing and sowing. In the past, feudal rulers of dynasties placed great importance on this occasion, and ceremonies to usher in the season were performed.The first day of lunar years called “nian chu yi” (the first day of nian). There is folklore about the monster called “nian”. In fact, the festival stems from the agriculturalproduction. China is an agricultural country and our ancestors have known how to crop in the fields and formed a farming industry thousands of years ago. After accumulating experience during the long-time cultivation, the ancient people find out that the proper seeds planting in springtime leads to a good harvest in autumn. Later, a famous saying comes into being “the whole year’s work depends on a good starting in spring( 一年之际在于春 )”. Therefore, the springtime becomes the prime time for the Chinese. Because the Chinese regard springtime as a start of the whole year, no wonder the Chinese place so much emphasis on the springtime, and Spring Festival is treated as such an important festival. Meanwhile, this festival mirrors the Chinese’ attitudes to the relationship between nature and human---keeping harmony. In daily life and work, people find a certain rule in nature; following it, people set the production schedule to help plant in a reasonable way. In nature, people make development and enjoy life.Christmas to the westerns is compared as Spring Festival to Chinese. It is on December 25th every year and usually lasts for a week, until a new year. Christmas originated from Europe. How Christmas comes into being must date back to 1A.D.when Jesus came into world. The name Christmas is short for “Christ’sMass”. A Ma ss is a kind of church service. Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus. In Bible, there is a vivid description of the story about Jesus birth: in a city of Galil ee, the virgin’s name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came tighter, she was found with a child of the Holy Spirit. While Joseph her husband wanted to put her away secretly, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him not be afraid to take Mary as wife. And Mary would bring forth a son, and he should call him, Jesus, for he would save his people from their sins. Finally, on December 25th, Mary brought forth her firstborn son---Jesus.2. Preparation for the HolidaysPreparations for the New Year festival start during the last few days of the last moon. Houses are thoroughly cleaned, debts repaid, hair cut and new clothes bought. Doors are decorated with vertical scrolls of characters on red paper whose texts seek good luck and praise nature, this practice stemming from the hanging of peach-wood charms to keep away ghosts and evil spirits. In many homes incense is burned, and also in the temples as a mark of respect to ancestors. In addition, symbolic flowers and fruits were used to decorate the house, and colorfulnew year pictures (NIAN HUA) were placed on the walls (for more descriptions of the symbolism of the flowers and fruits. Preparation for Christmas starts in early December when decorations are put up, including door wreaths, artificial trees and nativity scenes. A common tradition is that of decorating and blessing their Christmas tree. Often the Sunday before Christmas is set aside for this task. Decorations include colored lights (which replace an earlier era''s candles), balls (originally reflecting the candlelight in a dazzling way), tinsel (resembling the glittering icicles found on fir trees in colder lands), chrismons (wooden or foam symbols or monograms for Christ), and on top, a star. The roots of the use of trees and decorations are definitely in Europe''s pre-Christian religions, but the symbols were transformed by the early missionaries in order to express some aspect of Christ''s life. Sometimes, the meaning was much the same as the pagans treasured, but drawn through Christ. In other cases, the old meaning was deliberately turned inside-out to bring further honor to God and more cause for the people to celebrate. Christmas cards are sent out to family and friends. In many homes, Christmas cakes and puddings will be baked ready to eat on Christmas Day. In the cities and towns, many shopping centresand stores have their own ''Santa'' for children to meet. 3. Activities of the HolidaysOn New Year’s Eve houses are brightly lit and a large family dinner is served. The New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day celebrations were strickly family affairs. All members of the family would gather for the important family meal on the evening of the New year’s Eve. Even if a family member could not attend, an empty seat woul d be kept to symbolize that person’s presence at the banquet. At midnight following the banquet, the younger members of the family would bow and pay their respects to their parents and elders. In the south China sticky-sweet glutinous rice pudding called nian gao is served, while in the north the steamed dumpling jiaozi is popular. Most celebrating the festival stay up till midnight, when fireworks are lit, to drive away evil spirits. New Years day is often spent visiting neighbours, family and friends. The children are given Red Lai-See Envelopes , good luck money wrapped in little red envelopes. On New Year’s day, everyone had on new clothes, and would put on his best behavior. It was considered improper to tell a lie, raise one’s voice, use indecent langu age, or break anything on the first day of the year. Starting from the second day, people began going out to visit friends and relatives,taking with them gifts and Lai-See for the children. Visitors would be greeted with traditional New year delicacies, such as melon seeds, flowers, fruits, tray of togetherness, and NIANGAO, New Year cakes.On Christmas Eve, most people who celebrate Christmas also participate I n special holiday rituals in their homes. Families often decorate evergreen Christmas trees and place colorfully wrapped presents beneath them. It is also a popular tradition that decorate the beauty of the starlit for trees with blown-glass ornaments, paper chains, candles and other decorations, which made the simple evergreen tree into a beautiful Christmas tree. On Christmas Day, there are many activities for observation. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards to friends and relatives are the customs of celebrating the Christmas in the world. The card often depicts a family celebration and its caption reads, “A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to You.” The Santa Claus---from the Dutch Sinter Klaas---was depicted as a tall, dignified, religious figure riding a white horse through the air, delivered toys to all good children. Children often hang stockings, they awake in the morning to find the stocking filled with gifts from Santa Claus.III. The Differences &The Causes of the DifferencesSpring Festival, is formed based on the ancient calendar. According to solar terms and harvest, the date for certain agricultural activities has been fixed. Therefore, the celebration also has close ties with agriculture. Though religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism play very important role in social life, they never match the far-reaching im pact of agriculture on people’s tendency and thoughts. In China, agriculture is always placed in the first position. Through one year’s toil, people expect a joyful moment to have relaxation, after that they have to start a new round of hard working again. Up to now, in countryside, many antithetical couplets on the farmers’ doors read something like a prayer for a good harvest in the next year.As mentioned above, people take December 25th as “ Christ” birthday---Christmas Day. Therefore Christmas is a religious festival. Combined with our common sense, we can draw a brief conclusion that religion must play a dominant role in western society. As a matter of fact, the religion is a center of culture and society. People response their mind on religion, meanwhile religion controls people through people’s belief in God or spirit. It is not exaggerated to say that religion is ubiquitousin all walks of life. And just like the influence of agriculture in China, religion in west is connected with daily life and its impact is obviously to be witnessed in the other festivals, like Easter Day.Expect the above differences, Spring Festival reflects the feature of the strong localization, whether in its origin or in the way of observation or celebration. The origin is closely related to agriculture. Therefore, the way of observation or celebration is remarked by a lot of agricultural imprint. They are very unique local celebration way of letting off firecrackers, putting on the paper scrolls and having a get-together banquet. On the contrary, Christmas Day is a festival originated from Europe. For the historical reason, the European immigrants moved to America at the same time they brought a batch of European customs, traditions and festivals, including Christmas Day. Consequently, Christmas Day is world-wide, all westerners have this festival.The effect of history, which in broadest sense, is the totality of all past events. From the long history of China, we can see Chinese culture is deeply rooted in agriculture and the festivals are localized by the agricultural activities. It is definitely decided by the state situation and people’s livinghabits in the long history. Spring Festival has close relation with the agricultural activities such as planting and harvest. In fact, other festivals such as Ching Ming and Chong Yang festivals which have not been mentioned in this article are also settled in line with the solar terms and also connected with agriculture. Western culture is structured on the foundation of religion, thus the festivals have strong ties with Christianity. Apart from Christmas Day, the Easter Day is also connected with religion. The religion have an intensive impact on people’s life.IV. SimilaritySpring Festival and Christmas Day customs reflect the variety of cultures that celebrate the holiday. For some people, Spring Festival is a day related to agriculture, while Christmas Day is primarily a holy day marked by religious services, because of its root of Christianity. However, for most people, gift giving, feasting, and good times are far more prominently than their origins. Perhaps, celebrations in both culture backgrounds enjoy the same harmonious atmosphere of the family reunion. There is one common purpose for people’s activities, that is, to express their pleasure in hearts.V. ConclusionFestival is a wonderful part of daily life. During the festivity, the particular and colourful activities preserve the most delicate and representative aspect of national culture. Even though the forms of festivals are various form one another, they all stand for wisdom, experience or a treasure handed down from the ancient people. So we can find the feature of culture through the understanding of the festivals in this country or nation. Festivals belong to a certain nation, and also belong to all the humanbeing. Despite the different origins, backgrounds and social structures, human being always have the same beautiful feeling in pursuit for love and happinessreflects the feature of the strong localizationvery unique local celebration way of letting off firecrackers, putting on the paper scrolls and having a get-together banquetclose relation with the agricultural activities such as planting and harvestChinese culture is deeply rooted in agriculture and the festivals are localized by the agricultural activities. It is definitely decided by the state situation and people’s living habits in the long history.Spring Festival, is formed based on the ancient calendar.According to solar terms and harvest, the date for certain agricultural activities has been fixed. Therefore, the celebration also has close ties with agriculture. Though religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism play very important role in social life, they never match the far-reaching impact of agriculture on people’s tendency and thoughts.。
福利管理制度英文翻译范文
福利管理制度英文翻译范文Welfare Management SystemAbstract:With the continuous development of society and the improvement of living standards, employee welfare management has become an important part of human resource management. This paper introduces the concept of welfare management, analyzes the current situation of welfare management in China, and compares the differences in welfare management between China and other countries. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions for improving welfare management in China.1. IntroductionIn today's society, employees are not just seeking a high salary, but also expecting a good working environment and comprehensive welfare benefits. Welfare management is becoming an important tool for attracting and retaining employees. It refers to the efforts made by organizations to meet the needs of employees and improve their quality of life both inside and outside the workplace. The development of welfare management is directly related to the competitiveness and sustainable development of an organization.2. Present Situation of Welfare Management in China2.1 History and DevelopmentWelfare management in China has a relatively short history. Before the reform and opening up, the working conditions of employees were relatively poor, with the focus on the provision of basic necessities such as food and housing. With the development of the market economy, the concept of employee welfare began toemerge. In the early stages, welfare mainly included subsidies for food and housing, medical care, and retirement benefits. In recent years, welfare management has gradually shifted from material rewards to intangible benefits such as career development, training, and work-life balance.2.2 Current Welfare Management Practices in ChinaCurrently, the most common welfare benefits provided by Chinese companies include housing subsidies, meal subsidies, holiday benefits, medical insurance, and pension benefits. However, the level of welfare benefits varies greatly between different companies and industries. State-owned enterprises generally provide more generous welfare benefits, while private enterprises may provide limited or no welfare benefits.3. Comparison of Welfare Management between China and Other Countries3.1 Western CountriesCompared with China, Western countries have a more developed welfare management system. In countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany, the government plays an important role in providing welfare benefits such as social security, healthcare, and unemployment insurance. In addition, companiesin these countries also provide comprehensive benefits to employees, including paid vacation, flexible working hours, and employee assistance programs.3.2 Other Asian CountriesAsian countries like Japan and South Korea also pay great attention to employee welfare management. In Japan, companiesoften provide benefits such as housing allowances, transportation subsidies, and health insurance. In South Korea, flexible working hours, paid maternity leave, and childcare facilities are common benefits. Compared with China, these countries have a more comprehensive welfare system.4. Suggestions for Improving Welfare Management in China4.1 Establish a Legal FrameworkThe Chinese government should establish a legal framework to regulate welfare management practices and guarantee the rights and interests of employees. This framework should cover areas such as social security, healthcare, and retirement benefits. By doing so, companies will be encouraged to provide more comprehensive welfare benefits to employees.4.2 Promote the Development of Employee Assistance Programs Employee assistance programs (EAPs) provide employees with support and resources to help them deal with personal issues that may affect their work performance. Companies should promote the development of EAPs to improve employees' mental health and work-life balance.4.3 Enhance Communication with EmployeesCompanies should listen to employees' feedback and suggestions regarding welfare benefits. Regular communication and surveys can help companies understand the needs and expectations of employees, and make adjustments accordingly.4.4 Provide Opportunities for Career DevelopmentApart from material benefits, companies should also focus onemployees' career development. Providing training and development opportunities can not only improve employees' job satisfaction but also enhance their loyalty to the company. Conclusion:Welfare management is an important aspect of human resource management. China has made significant progress in welfare management in recent years but there is still room for improvement. By establishing a legal framework, promoting employee assistance programs, enhancing communication, and providing opportunities for career development, China can further enhance its welfare management system and achieve sustainable development.。
A Comparison ofCulture Between China and America
A Comparison ofCulture Between China and America作者：魏彩宏来源：《校园英语·下旬》2014年第07期This paper aims at arousing people to be interested in different cultures between China and America and to improve people’s capabilities of intercultural communication an d of dealing with the various affairs by introducing to the differences of culture between China and America.【Key Words】Culture，Comparison，Chinese，American， DifferenceIntroductionWhat is “culture”？ There are many definitions. Some would define it as art， literature， and music of a people， and their architecture， history， religion， and traditions. Others might focus on the customs and specific behavior of a people. I have chosen to use a sociological definition of culture as the way of life of a group of people， which was developed over time and passed down from generation to generation. This broad definition includes every aspect of human life and interaction. However， it would be impossible to cover every facet of American and Chinese cultures.I have， therefore， adopted a valuable approach to my discussion， focusing on the ways of communication and life and value between China and America.Some people in China put dogs in their kennel， but people in the United States put them on their couches and beds. Why？ People in Tabriz or Tehran sit on the floor and pray five times each day， but people in Las Vegas stand up all night in front of slot machines. Why？ Some people speak Tagalog； others speak English. Why？ Some people paint and decorate their faces. Why？ Some people talk to God， but others have God talk to them. And still others say there is no God. Why？The general answer to the questions is the same. People learn to think， feel， believe， and act as they do because of the messages that have been communicated to them， and those messages all bear the stamp of culture. This omnipresent quality of culture leads Hallto conclude that “there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.” In many ways， Hall is correct：culture is everything and everywhere. And more important， at least for our purposes， culture governs and defines the conditions and circumstances under which various messages may or may not be sent， noticed， or interpreted. Remember， we are not born knowing how to dress， what toys to play with， what to eat， which gods to worship， or how to spend our money and our time. Culture is both teacher and textbook. From how much eye contact we employ in conversations to explanations of why we get sick， culture plays a dominant role in our lives.America is regarded as the most outstanding representative of neoteric Western world，especially after its industrial revolution. In this time frame， Westerners went through colonizationand invasion depending on their advanced productivity which had been developed in industrial revolution and reaped their maximum benefit. After World War I and II， America became the strongest nation in the world. It began to develop the aggressive spirit， and it got benefits from the aggressive policy. The success leads to a common awareness in American people： the best way to live is to live aggressively. So do the parents teach their children.China is regarded as one of the most ancient civilizations in the world. In its long history， the progress of productivity went forward very slowly， and its resources were plenty also. In such an environment， aggression caused slaughter， and peaceful cooperation brought development. Confucianism and Daoism were propagated widely.These ideologies blazoned peaceful cooperation and win-win behavior， canonized the amalgamation but not conflict. Most people in China lived in these ways. But now， they are influenced by those so-called "high productivity and efficient civilization" deeper and deeper. People， especially youth， admire and learnfrom this civilization. The whole nation is changing profoundly.In a word， American culture represents the history of soaring productivity development based on great scientific discoveries and great geographical discovery in recent several hundred years，while Chinese culture represents the ancient but developing civilizations.Experts summarized that we， as Chinese， prefer to think in a spiral， casualway， while American people， more often than not， are fond of a linear， business-is-business way. Here are some excerpts.Firstly， it is about lining up. If you are in China， it is not rare to see that a crowdof people throng into the supermarket， trying to get service first. People in China do line up， but they prefer to line up in a horizontal way.In contrast， in western countries， say， in America， people always line up， either in a big bank or in a small grocery. And they take it for granted. Lining up has long become part of their life that they scarcely doubt it or grow impatient while doing it.Secondly， first come， first served. Though in word it is a normal principle here in China，it’s mostly not the case in reality. Take an example of what usually happens in a bank. Here when we are in a middle-sized bank， and suppose we are talking with the cashier， it always tends to have someone butt in， claiming that his or her request takes only one second.But in western countries， it never applies. It is always rude that you butt in while the cashier is serving his customer. No matter how little time your request costs， the cashier， more often than not， is likely to turn you down. Only one customer at a time is his principle.So American people are prone to lack flexibility while doing their work. Then how about us in their eyes？ They think we Chinese have a tendency to make things complicate.A personal space is very important in American education system.But China is different， it emphasizes collectivism，stressing the importance of thinking of others. These have brought all kinds of differences in life.Americans and the Chinese people have the same emphasis on diet， but Americans believe that the meal is only a family activity， but in China， eating is often associated with socialactivity.Americans have four meals a day， but not three. They have breakfast， midday lunch，afternoon tea and the evening meal.The American people never miss their afternoon tea， no mater what important things they have to do， sorry， please wait for a moment， because this is Tea Time. At that time， they stop their work， have a cup of tea or a cup of coffee， usually eat some dessert and have a chat. They can relax themselves during this time.The dinner is always very sumptuous. At about 8 o’ clock， all the family sit together， and enjoy their food. In their eyes，evening meals are an important element in family life rather than formal affairs.They do not usually share them with outsiders. Visiting at the meal time， or asking someone if he has his meal is impolite.In China， people usually invite colleagues， relatives， or supervisors to a dinner at home or in a restaurant.They make it as a good opportunity to exchange ideas. And at the dinner table， there is particular about the seats.The host usually sits nearest the kitchen or service door.Wine in general is indispensable in a dinner， and the host will persuade the guests to drink a lot，which shows respect for the guests or a friendly expression. Many cases prove that it is true facts that many economic contracts in the wine table are indeed completed.But the American people never urge anyone to drink， and never drink strong drink. Wine is just an ornament of the dinner. Different wines have different meanings， but they never drink a lot of wine at the table. Beer is their favorite one， but never too much. To them， the etiquette is more important than the beer. In reverse， if a person drinks too much during the dinner， it is impolite. These have brought all kinds of differences in life.In a word， a person`s associations with others are critical to the Chinese， so key relationships receive intense attention and commitment. Due to this， the difference between relationships with in-group members and merely casual relationships is big. It may seem to Americans that the Chinese are indifferent to strangers and casual acquaintances， ignoring their welfare. But the Chinese simply focusalmost all of their energy on close relatives or intimate friends or those with whom they have established relationship in comparison with Americans， who put at least some effort into treating everyone， or almost everyone， more or less equally. In sociological terms， particularism is characteristic of the Chinese while universalism is characteristic of Americans.Compliment is to praise the speaker`s virtues， ability， behavior， appearance， clothing，personality， and belongings. Appropriate compliments can serve as effective supplementary meansin inter-personal communication. American and Chinese cultures are in opposition to each other about compliment.Americans value their family very much， as Max Lerner4 said：”The American has fashioned anew the features of his family institutions， as he does everything else about him.”An American hostess， if she is complimented for her cooking skill，is likely to say.” “Oh， I am soglad that you like it. I cook it especially for you.” Not so is a Chinese hostess， who will instead apologize for giving you “Nothing”. She will say，“I just made some dishes casually and they are not very tasty”. Perhaps the foreigner will think，“Why do you invite me to your family and have tasteless food？You don't respect me”. Americans are more active to praise others than Chinese people. For example，Americans are “straightforward”，and the Chinese take pride in “modesty”. That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table， for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer and the American hosts take ”no ” to mean “no ”， whether it is the first，second or third time. Still bigger differences exist in people’s attitude towards compliments. The Chinese tend to effacethemselves in words or refuse it， although they do feel comfortable about the compliments.ConclusionDifferent countries have different rules for culture， that is， when people touch， how close they stand when they are speaking to one another， how close they sit， how they behave on elevators， etc. The rules for personal space sometimes differ according to how well people know each other. They are usually not consciously aware of these rules， but they may become very uncomfortable if the rules are broken and their personal space is restricted. This is culture although you are not aware of it. Culture plays a very important part in one`s life. This is the writer`s purpose to write this thesis. We should know our culture and those of other nations.References：[1]Larry A. Samovar， Richard E. Porter. and Lisa A. Stefani，“Comm unication between Cultures”， Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press， Brooks/Cole/Thomson Learning Asin， 2000.[2]潘宝明，朱安平等.中国旅游文化[M].中国旅游出版社，2001.[3]苏立昌.美国社会与文化[M].南开大学出版社，2006.[4][美]玛丽安娜·卡尼·戴特斯曼，乔安·克兰德尔，爱得德华·N·卡尼.美国文化背景[M].世界图书出版社，2007.。
写一篇关于中西方道德观的英语作文
写一篇关于中西方道德观的英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The concept of morality is a vital aspect of every society, shaping individuals' thoughts, actions, and relationships. Eastern and Western cultures have developed their own unique perspectives on morality, influenced by historical, philosophical, religious, and social factors. In this essay, I will explore the differences and similarities between Eastern and Western moral values.One of the key differences between Eastern and Western morality is the emphasis on individualism versus collectivism. In Western cultures, there is a strong emphasis on individual rights, personal freedom, and self-fulfillment. Western moral values are often centered around the idea of personal responsibility and autonomy. In contrast, Eastern cultures tend to value harmony, social cohesion, and the greater good of the community. Eastern moral values prioritize the collective over the individual and stress interconnectedness and interdependence.Another notable difference between Eastern and Western moral values is the role of religious beliefs. Western morality is heavily influenced by Judeo-Christian traditions, which emphasize concepts such as the Ten Commandments, love thy neighbor, and the golden rule. These principles provide a moral framework that guides individuals' behaviors and decisions. In contrast, Eastern morality is often rooted in philosophical and spiritual traditions such as Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. These traditions emphasize virtues such as compassion, humility, respect, and non-violence.Furthermore, the concept of right and wrong may vary between Eastern and Western cultures. In Western cultures, morality is often defined in terms of absolutes - certain actions are deemed inherently good or bad, regardless of the circumstances. For example, killing an innocent person is universally condemned in Western societies. In Eastern cultures, morality is often seen as more relative and context-dependent. The ethical principles of yin and yang, karma, and the Middle Way recognize the complexity and interconnectedness of moral choices, taking into account situational factors and consequences.Despite these differences, there are also common values that are shared between Eastern and Western moral philosophies. Virtues such as honesty, integrity, kindness, loyalty, and fairness are universally valued in both cultures. The importance of family, community, and social responsibility is also emphasized in both Eastern and Western moral teachings. Ultimately, both Eastern and Western moral values aim to promote human flourishing, foster healthy relationships, and create a just and harmonious society.In conclusion, the differences and similarities between Eastern and Western moral values reflect the diverse cultural, religious, and philosophical perspectives that shape human ethics. While there may be distinct approaches to morality in different cultures, the universal principles of kindness, compassion, justice, and integrity transcend cultural boundaries and form the foundation of a shared human morality. By studying and appreciating the moral values of different cultures, we can gain a deeper understanding of our own beliefs and values and cultivate respect and empathy for others.篇2Title: A Comparison of Western and Chinese Moral ValuesIntroduction:Moral values play an essential role in shaping the society and governing human behavior. Different cultures and civilizations have their own unique set of moral codes that dictate what is right and wrong. In this essay, we will explore and compare the moral values of the Western and Chinese cultures, examining how they influence individuals' behaviors and societal norms.Western Moral Values:Western societies, particularly those in Europe and North America, are known for their emphasis on individualism and personal freedom. Western moral values are often rooted in principles such as individual rights, justice, equality, and autonomy. For example, the concept of human rights is a fundamental aspect of Western moral values, promoting the idea that every individual is entitled to certain basic rights and freedoms. In addition, the rule of law and the pursuit of justice are central tenets of Western morality, with an emphasis on holding individuals accountable for their actions and ensuring a fair and impartial legal system.Chinese Moral Values:In contrast, Chinese moral values are often characterized by a focus on community, harmony, and social order. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism have all played significant roles in shaping Chinese moral values, emphasizing virtues such as filial piety, respect for authority, humility, and harmony with nature. Confucianism, in particular, places a strong emphasis on the importance of social relationships and ethical conduct, encouraging individuals to fulfill their roles within society and maintain harmonious relationships with others. In Chinese culture, the concept of "ren" and "li" (benevolence and propriety) is central to moral behavior, promoting virtues such as compassion, integrity, and ethical behavior.Comparison and Contrast:Despite these differences, it is important to note that Western and Chinese moral values share some common principles, such as the importance of honesty, integrity, respect for others, and the pursuit of a virtuous life. Both cultures value virtues such as courage, kindness, and justice, albeit in different contexts and manifestations. Additionally, both Western and Chinese moral values are influenced by religion, philosophy, history, and societal norms, reflecting the complex and multifaceted nature of morality.One significant difference between Western and Chinese moral values is the emphasis on individualism versus collectivism. Western societies tend to prioritize the rights and autonomy of the individual, valuing personal freedom and self-expression. In contrast, Chinese culture places a greater emphasis on the welfare of the community and the maintenance of social harmony, valuing cooperation, conformity, and group cohesion. This difference in perspective can be seen in various aspects of life, such as family relationships, education, government, and business practices.Conclusion:In conclusion, Western and Chinese moral values exhibit unique characteristics and perspectives that influence individuals' behaviors and societal norms. While Western cultures emphasize individual rights, justice, and autonomy, Chinese cultures prioritize community, harmony, and social order. Despite these differences, both cultures share common virtues and principles that promote ethical behavior and moral conduct. By exploring and understanding these differences, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the diversity and richness of human morality.篇3Title: A Comparison of Eastern and Western Moral ValuesIntroductionEthics and moral values are fundamental principles that guide human behavior and interactions in society. While every culture has its own set of moral beliefs, there are notable differences between Eastern and Western moral values. This essay will explore some key differences in moral outlook between the two cultures.Individualism vs CollectivismOne of the major differences between Eastern and Western moral values is the emphasis on individualism versus collectivism. In Western cultures, there is a strong focus on individual rights and freedoms, with an emphasis on personal achievement and success. This is reflected in the importance placed on concepts like personal responsibility and autonomy.In contrast, Eastern cultures tend to prioritize collectivism, where the needs and goals of the group are considered more important than those of the individual. This is often seen in the emphasis on harmony, cooperation, and social cohesion in Eastern societies.Relationships and Social HierarchyAnother aspect where Eastern and Western moral values diverge is in their approach to relationships and social hierarchy. In Western cultures, there is a greater emphasis on equality and democratic principles, where individuals are encouraged to challenge authority and question societal norms. This can be seen in the promotion of individual rights and freedoms, as well as the emphasis on social justice and equality.On the other hand, Eastern cultures often place a high value on hierarchical relationships and social order. Respect for authority, elders, and social norms is considered important, and individuals are expected to conform to societal expectations and roles. This is reflected in the emphasis on filial piety, obedience, and duty in Eastern societies.Ethical PrinciplesThere are also differences in the ethical principles that guide decision-making in Eastern and Western cultures. In Western cultures, ethical reasoning is often based on principles like utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, which emphasize concepts like individual rights, justice, and the greater good. This can be seen in the emphasis on concepts like fairness, equality, and human rights in Western moral philosophy.In contrast, Eastern cultures often draw on ethical principles like Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, which focus on concepts like harmony, balance, and interconnectedness. This can be seen in the emphasis on virtues like compassion, humility, and respect for nature in Eastern moral philosophy.ConclusionIn conclusion, while there are some commonalities in moral values across cultures, there are also notable differences between Eastern and Western moral outlooks. These differences are reflected in the emphasis on individualism versus collectivism, relationships and social hierarchy, and ethical principles in each culture. By understanding and appreciating these differences, we can gain a deeper insight into the diverse moral beliefs that shape human societies around the world.。
中国跟其他著名国家比较的作文英语
中国跟其他著名国家比较的作文英语全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1China, as one of the largest and most populous countries in the world, is often compared to other famous countries in terms of economy, culture, and development. These comparisons provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each country, as well as potential opportunities for collaboration and growth. In this essay, I will explore how China compares to other well-known countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany.When comparing China to the United States, one of the key differences is the political system. While China is a one-party socialist state governed by the Chinese Communist Party, the United States is a multi-party democratic republic. This leads to different approaches to governance, with China prioritizing collective welfare and stability, while the US emphasizes individual rights and freedoms. Additionally, China's economy is heavily influenced by state-owned enterprises and strategic planning, whereas the US has a more market-driven economy with a focus on innovation and entrepreneurship.In terms of culture, both China and the United States have rich histories and diverse traditions. However, there are distinct differences in cultural norms and values. For example, traditional Chinese society places a strong emphasis on family, hierarchy, and collectivism, while American society values individualism, equality, and diversity. These cultural differences can influence everything from business practices to social relationships, and understanding them is essential for successful cross-cultural communication and collaboration.When comparing China to Japan, another key aspect to consider is technological innovation. Japan is known for its advanced technology, particularly in the fields of electronics, automotive manufacturing, and robotics. Meanwhile, China has made significant strides in technology and innovation in recent years, with a focus on artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and renewable energy. Both countries have strengths in different areas, and there is great potential for collaboration and knowledge-sharing in the tech sector.Finally, when comparing China to Germany, a notable difference is in industrial production and manufacturing. Germany is renowned for its high-quality engineering, precision manufacturing, and emphasis on sustainability. Chinesemanufacturing, on the other hand, is often associated with mass production, low-cost labor, and rapid expansion. However, China has been investing heavily in upgrading its manufacturing capabilities, improving product quality, and promoting sustainability. The two countries can learn from each other's best practices and drive innovation in the industrial sector.In conclusion, China's comparison to other famous countries reveals both similarities and differences in terms of politics, economy, culture, and development. By understanding these comparative analyses, we can appreciate the unique strengths and challenges of each country, as well as identify opportunities for collaboration and growth. Ultimately, these comparisons can help foster mutual understanding, build meaningful partnerships, and drive global progress in an interconnected world.篇2China vs. Other Famous CountriesChina, with its rich history, diverse culture, and growing influence, is often compared to other well-known countries around the world. Whether it's in terms of economy, technology, education, or other aspects, these comparisons can provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of eachnation. In this essay, we will explore how China measures up against a few of the most famous countries in the world.When it comes to economy, China is often pitted against the United States. The US has long been the world's largest economy, with a GDP that is significantly higher than that of China. However, in recent years, China has been catching up at an impressive rate. Its GDP growth has been consistently high, and it is projected to overtake the US in the near future. China's rapid economic development has been fueled by its large population, growing middle class, and emphasis on technology and innovation. On the other hand, the US still leads in terms of technology and innovation, with many of the world's top tech companies based in Silicon Valley. This gives the US a competitive edge in the global market.In terms of culture, China is often compared to India, another ancient civilization with a rich cultural heritage. Both countries have a long history of art, music, literature, and philosophy, and they share many traditions and customs. However, China is known for its Confucian values of harmony, hierarchy, and filial piety, while India is famous for its diversity, spirituality, and tolerance. These differences in cultural values can be seen in their respective art, architecture, cuisine, andfestivals. While China has a more centralized and authoritarian government, India has a more decentralized and democratic system. Both countries are making efforts to modernize and preserve their cultural heritage in the face of globalization.When it comes to education, China is often compared to countries like Japan and South Korea, which are known for their high-quality schools and rigorous academic standards. China's education system is highly competitive, with a strong emphasis on exams, rote memorization, and discipline. However, it has also been criticized for its lack of creativity, critical thinking, and individuality. Japan and South Korea, on the other hand, have more holistic education systems that focus on developing the whole child, including their social, emotional, and physicalwell-being. They also have lower rates of stress, depression, and suicide among students. China is trying to learn from their example and reform its education system to be more balanced and student-centered.In terms of environment, China is often compared to countries like Germany and Sweden, which are known for their commitment to sustainability and renewable energy. China has long been criticized for its high levels of pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions. However, in recent years, it hasmade significant strides in cleaning up its air and water, investing in renewable energy, and promoting green technologies. Germany and Sweden, on the other hand, have been leading the way in green innovation, with high rates of recycling, energy efficiency, and public transportation. They have set ambitious targets for reducing carbon emissions, increasing solar and wind power, and transitioning to a circular economy. China is working to follow their example and become a more environmentally friendly and sustainable society.In conclusion, China is a complex and multi-faceted country that can be compared to many different nations around the world. While it has made great progress in terms of economy, technology, education, and environment, it still faces many challenges and opportunities. By learning from the strengths and weaknesses of other countries, China can continue to grow and develop in a positive and sustainable way. Ultimately, the comparisons between China and other famous countries can help us appreciate the diversity and dynamism of the global community.篇3China, as one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world, is often compared to other major countries such asthe United States, Japan, and Germany. In this essay, we will explore the similarities and differences between China and these countries in various aspects such as economy, culture, and technology.First and foremost, let's talk about the economy. China's economy has been booming in recent years, with a GDP growth rate that surpasses many other developed countries. It has become the world's largest trading nation and plays a significant role in the global economy. On the other hand, the United States remains the world's largest economy with a diverse range of industries, while Japan and Germany are known for their advanced technology and manufacturing sectors. Each of these countries has its own strengths and weaknesses in terms of economic structure and growth.In terms of culture, China has a long and rich history that dates back thousands of years. Its ancient traditions and customs still play a significant role in everyday life, from the practice of Confucianism to the celebration of Chinese New Year. Similarly, Japan has a deep-rooted culture that values honor, respect, and harmony, while the United States is known for its diverse and multicultural society. Germany, on the other hand, is famous for its engineering and precision in everything they do.When it comes to technology, China has made great strides in recent years and is now a global leader in areas such as artificial intelligence, e-commerce, and renewable energy. The United States, on the other hand, is home to many of the world's largest tech companies such as Apple, Google, and Facebook. Japan is known for its innovations in robotics and automation, while Germany is famous for its engineering prowess andhigh-quality manufacturing.In terms of politics and governance, each of these countries has its own unique system and challenges. China is a one-party state led by the Communist Party, while the United States is a democratic republic with a two-party system. Japan has a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government, and Germany is a federal republic with a parliamentary democracy. Each country faces its own set of political issues and struggles to find solutions that work for its citizens.Overall, China's comparison with other major countries like the United States, Japan, and Germany reveals a complex and dynamic landscape of similarities and differences. While each country has its own strengths and weaknesses, they all play a critical role in shaping the global economy, culture, and technology. As China continues to grow and evolve, it will beinteresting to see how it continues to stack up against its international counterparts in the years to come.。
中美文化比较Religion differences of China and the United States
America embodies the yearning for a world beyond reality（超越现实的世 界）. Return
R e ligious ide a s
• China：shows the tendencies of diversified faith ,beliefs reflect the unique diversified Pan deified features and services in the dominant social value. • America:A unified faith is its religious foundation and pillar.
The Main Eligion of China
T a o is m
Is la m
C h ris tia n ity
The Maiபைடு நூலகம் Eligion of America
C h ris tia n ity
O rth o d o x
C a th o lic
J e w is h
1）N u m in o s ity （超自然性） 2）T h e h o ro u g h n e s s o f fa ith （信仰的 彻底性） 3）T h e tru s t o f a fte rlife h a p p in e s s (相信来世幸福) 4）T h e y b o th p u b lic iz e th e s p irit o f lo v e (弘扬爱的精神) 5）T h e y b o th m a in ta in th e n o rm a l o p e ra tio n o f th e h u m a n s o c ie ty .(具有维护人类社会正常运行的功 能)
Comparison between Chinese and American cultures and attitudes
Comparison between Chinese and American cultures and attitudesMarisaChina is an ancient country with four thousand years’ history, while America is a young country having only existed for several hundred years. Different histories have different influence. Chinese have a large heritage from Confucius but at the same time our minds are much easier to be restricted by him. For example, he told us children should obey their parents whatever they said; If your father asked you to die, you should kill yourself. Children’s voices weren’t heard at all for a long time. Americans don’t get that kind of restrictions and they have more space to think themselves. So it seems that Americans emphasize freedom and independence much more than Chinese. Here are come comparisons between Chinese and American attitudes and cultures. Chinese are famous for their hospitality and reserve just as American are famousfor being frank and outspoken. However, with time going on, something changed. We Chinese still entertain our friends at banquets, hoping our guests will enjoy the foods that are delicious. That’s why you can always find a pair of serving chopsticks on the table when you are invited to a Chinese home or restaurant. Americans are used to show their hospitality by telling their guests: help yourself.On the other hand, people have given up some conservative values such as children’s unquestioning obedience to their parents. Nowadays, children and parents respect each other. Children receive much more attention than before. From the news I heard that American parents will be punished if they leave their children alone at home. And I have to mention that we Chinese do not accept all things with both handsany more, unless it is a medal or certificate on public occasions. That is not to say we are not as polite as ancients. Accepting things with one hand is more convenient and saves more time.Personally, I think the second point is very interesting. We do respect authority. That is because of collectivism. We are taught from a very young age that we should subordinate our personal interests to that of the collective. We are so afraid of hurting collective interests that we follow authority. Because it is usually right. Even if it is not right, we are not the ones to be blamed. Authority will take the responsibility. People don’t dare do what they want and they are used to denying themselves. Relatively speaking, I like the respect for individualism in America. No matter how big and strong one country is, it consists of individuals. People have more chance to express their feelings and can achieve more success.As for guanxi, I don’t like it myself. Where there is guanxi, there is no democracy and fairness. People who don’t have strong social relationships will lose a lot of opportunities even if he or she is well qualified. On the contrary, competitors who have networks of powerful friends and family may get what they want even though they are not as capable as others. Their parents, who are usually leaders, will do anything and everything for them. Sometimes they just need to tell the responsible person: “that child is my son.” Then everything will be done. Guanxi works much better than good qualifications of those whose parents are ordinary citizens. In America, children are independent enough not to count on their parents. They think highly of getting what they want by themselves. So they don’t need to be obsequiousto anybody on purpose, which is disgusting.In conclusion, because of differences in geography, economy and history, Chinese and American cultures and attitudes are different to some extent. But both have their advantages, so we should know, respect and learn from each other.。
Culture differences between China and Australia
Culture differences between China and AustraliaCulture differences between China and Australia refer to many aspects. China has a large population,and is the most populous nation in the world. That determines his state of economic development to some degree,and determines the architectural style. I think that is why there are so many high-rise buildings in big cities in China,but fewer tall buildings in Australia,except some administrative buildings.The agriculture between the two countries is also different. In China,most farmers have a few fields to plant,and they live closely to the fields,so most of them live in the countryside. However,farmers in Australia tend to have a big farm and their agriculture is something like the mode of production. The farm may be as big as a town,and the farm owner may not live in the farm,but far from it so that they need to go for a long distance to take care of the farm.The objective condition causes the economy and agriculture differences. But some culture differences are caused by subjective awareness.Chinese classrooms are teacher focused while Australian classrooms are more student focused. In more simple terms, a Chinese teacher is more likely to deliver the answer whereas an Australian teacher is more likely to give students some basic knowledge and subsequently expect them to do something with it. Furthermore, whereas Chinese classes don't have a great deal of interaction between students, Australian classes do.In China, it is common to have a teacher standing in front of students demonstrating a skill. The students then copy it. In Australia; however, teachers usually aren't involved in the activity itself. Like a coach of a football team, they design exercises that develop skills and subsequently tell students to do them. Students learn by doing, by interacting with other students, and by their own initiative. The teacher is more of a facilitator than an instructor. There are strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The Chinese approach encourages people to learn from others. This approach can cause problems when others say silly things, such as the myth that the Great Wall of China can be seen from the moon. In such circumstances, silly ideas can be written in textbooks, taught by teachers and accepted without question by students. The students then make a fool of themselves by telling foreigners the Great Wall of China can be seen from the moon. The Australian approach encourages individuals to express their ideas even if they are in contradiction to established thought.In China, it is important to show consideration for others. Typical shows of consideration include sending a get-well text message when a friend is sick, giving some health advice, or helping an elderly person down the stairs.While the Chinese show consideration to their friends and acquaintances, public consideration is a bit lacking. For example, Chinese spit in swimming pools, on the street, and sometimes even inside buildings. Chinese people also casually throw rubbish on the street,smoke in the public places,drive through a red light and men frequently urinate on the street.Australians are less likely to show consideration on an individual level. The general idea is that a person is able to take care of themselves and doesn't need well wishes or help. Receiving help, when it hasn't be asked for, is usually seen as annoying. Australians are; however, more likely than Chinese to show public consideration. Few Australians throw rubbish on the street and most would never spit in a swimming pool. Occasionally drunk men urinate in public; however, etiquette stipulates that they should at least seek out a tree to prevent a urine smell from lingering.Freedom can be difficult to define. Every government on earth imposes restrictions on individuals to protect other individuals. For example, Singapore restricts the freedom of the individual to chew gum in order to protect the freedom of people who want to walk down the street without stepping on used gum.The Australian government is very bureaucratic and imposes many restrictions on its people that Asian governments do not. For example, Australians can not smoke inside, drink alcohol in many public areas, ride a bicycle without a helmet, or defame public figures. Furthermore, Australians may lose up to 47 percent of their income in taxes, which is far more than the 10-20 per cent in China. The Australian government uses this income tax revenue to alter the natural balance of social society.While Chinese have more freedom from government than Australians, they lack freedom in their social sphere. Because they have very strong cultures, a great deal of social pressure is exerted upon the individual in almost every facet of his or her lives. This pressure can be likened to a form of political correctness that constrains the individual when they choose a marriage partner, career, clothes to wear, values to hold, or morals to support. If the individual's desires and values are in conformity with the cultural norms, then the individual feels a sense of belonging.So every country has its own culture determined by its history, government,social environment and religion beliefs.。
中美慈善对比英文作文
中美慈善对比英文作文英文回答：Comparison of Chinese and American Philanthropy。
Philanthropy, the act of donating time and resources to a cause without expecting anything in return, is a cornerstone of both Chinese and American societies. However, there are significant differences in the way that philanthropy is practiced in these two countries.Historical Roots:In China, philanthropy has a long history dating backto the Confucian tradition of "ren," which emphasizes benevolence and love for others. Chinese philanthropy was traditionally focused on providing for the poor and needy, and was often carried out through family networks or local guilds. In America, philanthropy emerged in the 19thcentury as a way for wealthy individuals and corporationsto give back to their communities. It was often motivated by religious beliefs or a desire to improve social conditions.Forms of Philanthropy:In China, the most common form of philanthropy isdirect giving to individuals or organizations in need. This can include donations to charities, schools, or hospitals. Chinese philanthropists also tend to donate large sums of money for specific projects, such as building a new school or hospital. In America, philanthropy is more diverse, and includes a wider range of activities, such as volunteering, fundraising, and grantmaking. American philanthropists often support a variety of causes, including education, health care, and the arts.Motivations for Philanthropy:The motivations for philanthropy in China and America are complex and varied. In China, philanthropy is often seen as a way to fulfill one's moral obligations andcontribute to the common good. Chinese philanthropists often have a strong sense of social responsibility and believe that it is their duty to help those less fortunate. In America, philanthropy is often motivated by a desire to make a difference in the world. American philanthropists often have a specific goal in mind, such as improving education or reducing poverty.Challenges to Philanthropy:Both China and America face challenges to philanthropy. In China, the lack of a strong legal and regulatory framework for philanthropy can make it difficult for donors to trust that their donations will be used effectively. In America, the increasing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few individuals and corporations has led to concerns that philanthropy is becoming too elitist.The Future of Philanthropy:Despite the challenges, the future of philanthropy in both China and America is bright. In China, the governmentis taking steps to encourage philanthropy and create a more favorable environment for donors. In America, new forms of philanthropy, such as crowdfunding and impact investing,are emerging. As these trends continue, philanthropy will continue to play a vital role in addressing the social and economic challenges facing both countries.中文回答：中美慈善事业对比。
A Brief Comparison of Chinese and Western Festivals
A Brief Comparison of Chinese and Western FestivalsI. IntroductionFestival is defined as a special occasion on which people may give thanks for a harvest, commemorate an honored person or event, pay respect to the dead, or celebrate a culture. Festival, as a cultural phenomenon, comes into being during the course of human development and historical evolution. This unique cultural phenomenon embodies human cognition and attention to the natural environments and peripheral surroundings. As we know, a diverse multitude of festivals are enjoyed worldwide. Although the different regions, nations, religions and cultures bring about multifarious festivals, and the means of celebration vary from one place to another, most of people bear common feelings for the festivals, that is praying for happiness and health, fulfilling the good will, and showing the love of life. The festival celebration also expresses people’s reminiscent mood for traditions and convey their aspiration to pursue the dreams.Festival is considered as “ a carrier of culture”, or an embodiment of the patterns of behavior and thinking that people learn, create and share. Through this unique and specific phenomenon, it is more convenient and direct for the researcher to probe into the deeper layer of human culture. Moreover, the festival provides us a shortcut to explore the divergence and similarity of two cultures. As we know, it is impossible for us to makeresearch on all aspects of festival customs since culture itself is a very complicated phenomenon. Thus, I just choose some representative and well-known festivals--- Spring Festival & Christmas Day to make a brief comparison.II. Comparison of Spring Festival & Christmas Day1. Origin of the HolidaysIn China, Spring Festival is the first and foremost one that should be mentioned. Spring Festival is also known as the Chinese New Year. Spring Festival starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year and ends on the full moon 15 days later. So the timing of the holiday varies from late January to early February. The Spring festival celebrates the earth coming back to life, and the start of ploughing and sowing. In the past, feudal rulers of dynasties placed great importance on this occasion, and ceremonies to usher in the season were performed.The first day of lunar years called “nian chu yi” (the f irst day of nian). There is folklore about the monster called “nian”. In fact, the festival stems from the agricultural production. China is an agricultural country and our ancestors have known how to crop in the fields and formed a farming industry thousands of years ago. After accumulating experience during the long-time cultivation, the ancient people find out that the proper seeds planting in springtime leads to a good harvest in autumn. Later, a famous saying comes into being “the whole year’s workdepends on a good starting in spring( 一年之际在于春)”. Therefore, the springtime becomes the prime time for the Chinese. Because the Chinese regard springtime as a start of the whole year, no wonder the Chinese place so much emphasis on the springtime, and Spring Festival is treated as such an important festival. Meanwhile, this festival mirrors the Chinese’ attitudes to the relationship between nature and human---keeping harmony. In daily life and work, people find a certain rule in nature; following it, people set the production schedule to help plant in a reasonable way. In nature, people make development and enjoy life.Christmas to the westerns is compared as Spring Festival to Chinese. It is on December 25th every year and usually lasts for a week, until a new year. Christmas originated from Europe. How Christmas comes into being must date back to 1A.D.when Jesus came into world. The name Christmas is short for “Christ’s Mass”. A Mass is a kind of church service. Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th, December every year. It is the day we celebrate as the birthday of Jesus. In Bible, there is a vivid description of the story about Jesus birth: in a city of Galilee, the virgin’s name was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came tighter, she was found with a child of the Holy Spirit. While Joseph her husband wanted to put her away secretly, Gabriel, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and told him not be afraid to take Mary aswife. And Mary would bring forth a son, and he should call him, Jesus, for he would save his people from their sins. Finally, on December 25th, Mary brought forth her firstborn son---Jesus.2. Preparation for the HolidaysPreparations for the New Year festival start during the last few days of the last moon. Houses are thoroughly cleaned, debts repaid, hair cut and new clothes bought. Doors are decorated with vertical scrolls of characters on red paper whose texts seek good luck and praise nature, this practice stemming from the hanging of peach-wood charms to keep away ghosts and evil spirits. In many homes incense is burned, and also in the temples as a mark of respect to ancestors. In addition, symbolic flowers and fruits were used to decorate the house, and colorful new year pictures (NIAN HUA) were placed on the walls (for more descriptions of the symbolism of the flowers and fruits.Preparation for Christmas starts in early December when decorations are put up, including door wreaths, artificial trees and nativity scenes. A common tradition is that of decorating and blessing their Christmas tree. Often the Sunday before Christmas is set aside for this task. Decorations include colored lights (which replace an earlier era''s candles), balls (originally reflecting the candlelight in a dazzling way), tinsel (resembling the glittering icicles found on fir trees in colder lands), chrismons (wooden or foam symbols or monograms for Christ), and on top, a star.The roots of the use of trees and decorations are definitely in Europe''s pre-Christian religions, but the symbols were transformed by the early missionaries in order to express some aspect of Christ''s life. Sometimes, the meaning was much the same as the pagans treasured, but drawn through Christ. In other cases, the old meaning was deliberately turned inside-out to bring further honor to God and more cause for the people to celebrate. Christmas cards are sent out to family and friends. In many homes, Christmas cakes and puddings will be baked ready to eat on Christmas Day. In the cities and towns, many shopping centres and stores have their own ''Santa'' for children to meet.3. Activities of the HolidaysOn New Year’s Eve houses are brightly lit and a large family dinner is served. The New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day celebrations were strickly family affairs. All members of the family would gather for the important family meal on the evening of the New year’s Eve. Even if a family member could not attend, an empty seat would be kept to symbolize that person’s presence at the banquet. At midnight foll owing the banquet, the younger members of the family would bow and pay their respects to their parents and elders. In the south China sticky-sweet glutinous rice pudding called nian gao is served, while in the north the steamed dumpling jiaozi is popular. Most celebrating the festival stay up till midnight, when fireworks are lit, to drive away evilspirits. New Years day is often spent visiting neighbours, family and friends. The children are given Red Lai-See Envelopes , good luck money wrapped in little red envelopes. On New Year’s day, everyone had on new clothes, and would put on his best behavior. It was considered improper to tell a lie, raise one’s voice, use indecent language, or break anything on the first day of the year. Starting from the second day, people began going out to visit friends and relatives, taking with them gifts and Lai-See for the children. Visitors would be greeted with traditional New year delicacies, such as melon seeds, flowers, fruits, tray of togetherness, and NIANGAO, New Year cakes.On Christmas Eve, most people who celebrate Christmas also participate I n special holiday rituals in their homes. Families often decorate evergreen Christmas trees and place colorfully wrapped presents beneath them. It is also a popular tradition that decorate the beauty of the starlit for trees with blown-glass ornaments, paper chains, candles and other decorations, which made the simple evergreen tree into a beautiful Christmas tree. On Christmas Day, there are many activities for observation. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards to friends and relatives are the customs of celebrating the Christmas in the world. The card often depicts a family celebration and its caption reads, “A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year to You.” The Santa Claus---from the Dutch Sinter Klaas---was depicted as a tall, dignified, religious figureriding a white horse through the air, delivered toys to all good children. Children often hang stockings, they awake in the morning to find the stocking filled with gifts from Santa Claus.III. The Differences &The Causes of the DifferencesSpring Festival, is formed based on the ancient calendar. According to solar terms and harvest, the date for certain agricultural activities has been fixed. Therefore, the celebration also has close ties with agriculture. Though religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism play very important role in social life, they never match the far-reaching impact of agriculture on people’s tendency and thoughts. In China, agriculture i s always placed in the first position. Through one year’s toil, people expect a joyful moment to have relaxation, after that they have to start a new round of hard working again. Up to now, in countryside, many antithetical couplets on the farmers’ doors r ead something like a prayer for a good harvest in the next year.As mentioned above, people take December 25th as “ Christ” birthday---Christmas Day. Therefore Christmas is a religious festival. Combined with our common sense, we can draw a brief conclusion that religion must play a dominant role in western society. As a matter of fact, the religion is a center of culture and society. People response their mind on religion, meanwhile religion controls people through people’s belief in God or spirit. It is not exaggerated to say that religion is ubiquitous in allwalks of life. And just like the influence of agriculture in China, religion in west is connected with daily life and its impact is obviously to be witnessed in the other festivals, like Easter Day.Expect the above differences, Spring Festival reflects the feature of the strong localization, whether in its origin or in the way of observation or celebration. The origin is closely related to agriculture. Therefore, the way of observation or celebration is remarked by a lot of agricultural imprint. They are very unique local celebration way of letting off firecrackers, putting on the paper scrolls and having a get-together banquet. On the contrary, Christmas Day is a festival originated from Europe. For the historical reason, the European immigrants moved to America at the same time they brought a batch of European customs, traditions and festivals, including Christmas Day. Consequently, Christmas Day is world-wide, all westerners have this festival.The effect of history, which in broadest sense, is the totality of all past events. From the long history of China, we can see Chinese culture is deeply rooted in agriculture and the festivals are localized by the agricultural activities. It is definitely decided by the state situation and people’s living habits in the long history. Spring Festival has close relation with the agricultural activities such as planting and harvest. In fact, other festivals such as Ching Ming and Chong Yang festivals which have not been mentioned in this article are also settled in line with the solarterms and also connected with agriculture. Western culture is structured on the foundation of religion, thus the festivals have strong ties with Christianity. Apart from Christmas Day, the Easter Day is also connected with religion. The religion have an intensive impact on people’s life.IV. SimilaritySpring Festival and Christmas Day customs reflect the variety of cultures that celebrate the holiday. For some people, Spring Festival is a day related to agriculture, while Christmas Day is primarily a holy day marked by religious services, because of its root of Christianity. However, for most people, gift giving, feasting, and good times are far more prominently than their origins. Perhaps, celebrations in both culture backgrounds enjoy the same harmonious atmosphere of the family reunion. There is one common purpose for people’s activities, that is, to express their pleasure in hearts.V. ConclusionFestival is a wonderful part of daily life. During the festivity, the particular and colourful activities preserve the most delicate and representative aspect of national culture. Even though the forms of festivals are various form one another, they all stand for wisdom, experience or a treasure handed down from the ancient people. So we can find the feature of culture through the understanding of the festivals in this country or nation. Festivals belong to a certain nation, and alsobelong to all the humanbeing. Despite the different origins, backgrounds and social structures, human being always have the same beautiful feeling in pursuit for love and happinessreflects the feature of the strong localizationvery unique local celebration way of letting off firecrackers, putting on the paper scrolls and having a get-together banquetclose relation with the agricultural activities such as planting and harvestChinese culture is deeply rooted in agriculture and the festivals are localized by the agricultural activities. It is definitely decided by the state situation and people’s living habits in the long history.Spring Festival, is formed based on the ancient calendar. According to solar terms and harvest, the date for certain agricultural activities has been fixed. Therefore, the celebration also has close ties with agriculture. Though religions such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism play very important role in social life, they never match the far-reaching impact of agriculture on people’s tendency and thoughts.。
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Run special school for unemployed to train themห้องสมุดไป่ตู้skills
Unemployed insurance
Help graduated students to find jobs
Workers compensation program
China's retirement age has become imperative
American retirement system can choose the minimum retirement age
In the United States, the relationship between doctors and patients are equal. American doctors know that patients are the real owner, the vast majority of doctors treat patients politely. Even in patients with entanglements, will also be harmony whispers to explain. In our country, the country at the same time of requested the doctor to dedication, sacrifice, give corresponding institutional guarantee, medical resource allocation imbalance, lead to the low of the current medical service level and the contradiction between high level medical requirements.
Unemployed personnel to implement the expenditures of a living allowance, disabled persons' federation in addition to the city according to the criteria listed in the security for the disabled(除市残疾人联合会按标准在残疾人 保障金中列支外), the rest according to the previous fiscal bear the original channels of living subsidies listed in the budget财政预算)in each district and county, at all levels of civil society work-related accidents project spending.
Lecturer: Ppt producer： Material collection：
In education In disability In retirement In medical care In employment
Advantages: since the reform and opening （改革开放）, our country implements nine-year compulsory education.（九年义务 教育）The phenomenon of old China illiteracy（文盲现象）is already gone. In a one 5 of the world‘s population in developing countries implement the “two basics”, is an unprecedented（史无前例的） feat.(壮举)
The Americans with disabilities social security than China's unemployment insurance and minimum living allowance, but the security is a kind of supplementary benefits, that is, a once worked for people with disabilities may can receive social security for the disabled and supplementary benefits at the same time.(同时领取残疾人 社会保险金和补充保障金。)
Education in the United States to do for everyone in our society, not only for a few people. Use tax run free education, from many subjects take on its own. The main purpose of the education in the United States, is to develop every child to, no matter it is high or low to what degree, at the same time give each child infusion citizen consciousness.(灌输公民意识)
Disadvantages: because the regulations of the state(国家规定), shall not be dismissed students during nine-year compulsory, so also in the student has now. Teachers also helpless, because “duty” this two word imprison（禁锢）in the management of the school.