英语语言学实用教程 unit 1 key
语言学教程第1单元
ran away with the gun.
Language is hierarchical. Stratification is the physical manifestation of the infinite use of finite means
3. Creativity （ 创 造 性 ） : language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness Words can be used in new ways to mean new things. Language has its potential to create endless sentences. e.g. He bought a book which was written by a teacher who taught in a school which was known for its graduates who…
朱永生, “论语言符号的任意性与象似性”， 《外语教学与研究》2002年第1期
Design features of language
2. Duality （ 二 重 性 ） : the property of having two levels of structures, units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization The mad man
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】⼆、选择题1.The maxim of_____requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.（对外经贸⼤学2015研）A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation【答案】D【解析】在语⾔学中，The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括：Quantity Maxim(数量准则)；Quality Maxim(质量准则)；Relation Maxim(关系准则)；MannerMaxim(⽅式准则)。
其中关系准则要求说话要贴切，要有关联(be relevant)，不答⾮所问。
因此答案选D。
2.Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the_____while the latter does not.（北⼆外2017研）A.meaningB.word classC.formD.speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为⾃由语素和粘着语素，其中粘着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派⽣词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。
派⽣词缀粘附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。
屈折词缀只能改变⼀个词的形式，不能构成新词。
也即屈折词缀增加的是表⽰句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。
即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。
3.“Wife”,which used to refer to any woman,stands for“a married woman”in modern English.This phenomenon is knownas_____.（西安交⼤2008研）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing【答案】D【解析】词义缩⼩是指原来的词义缩⼩或被限制到某个明确的意义上。
《英语语言学实用教程》
《英语语言学实用教程》作者：解芳来源：《各界·下半月》2019年第04期摘要：《英语语言学实用教程》对中国学生学习英语过程中所出现的问题和问题出现的原因进行了分析，为创新英语语言学教学提供了更多的指导，本文首先对创新英语语言学教学的策略进行了探讨，并对创新策略所具备的意义做出分析，力图进一步促进我国英语语言学教学的发展。
关键词：英语语言学实用教程;创新;英语语言学教学《英语语言学实用教程》是2007年苏州大学出版社出版的图书，作者是陈新仁。
全书分为十四章，每一章都讲述了相应知识，书中面向英语的语言学，从多种渠道选取了大量有趣、典型、题材各异的英语素材，全方位探索英语的基本规律，体现真正的“英语”语言学，同时适当联系汉语，增进学生对英语个性的把握，从而服务于英语学习和交际。
其中所提出来的观念对于创新英语语言学教学有着重要的意义，本文基于对《英语语言学实用教程》的充分掌握，对其中创新教学的策略和意义进行了简要探讨。
一、创新英语语言学教学的策略（一）创设交流情境，注重集体协作《英语语言学实用教程》一书中对于英语语言学教学提出了诸多的策略。
书中在多个章节中提供了一系列操作性强，可供学生进行课外合作性学习的话题，课后还设计了丰富多样的探索性与研究性习题，这些都主张为英语语言学提供更多交流的学习机会，注重集体合作。
在创造心理学中明确地指出了讨论、争辩等都有助于创造思维的形成和发展，对学生有计划地组织课堂讨论，有利于激发学生的创造性思维。
从而转变传统的讲授教学模式，英语作为一门外来语言，不像汉语一样能够在日常生活中得到广泛使用，在语言情境的影响下，英语的学习也更加具有难度，在《英语语言学实用教程》的指导下，学生学习英语具有更多的主观能动性，能够在开放的学习环境下进行独立思考，在和同学营造交流情境和氛围的过程中，注重集体协作的力量，在充分发展创造个性的同时，也让学生在集体的大氛围下更好地掌握了英语这门语言。
语言学Chapter1(key)
Chapter 1Definitions:1.design feature: are features that define our human languages,such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission, etc.2.function:the use of language to communicate, to think, etc.Language functions include: informative function, interpersonal function, performative function, emotive function, phatic communion, recreational function and metalingual function.3.synchronic: a kind of description which takes a fixedinstant(usually, but not necessarily, the present),as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.4.diachronic: study of a language is carried through the courseof its history.5.prescriptive:a kind of linguistic study in which things areprescribed how ought to be, i.e. laying down rules for language use.6.descriptive: a kind of linguistic study in which things are justdescribed.7.arbitrariness: one design feature of human language, whichrefers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear nonatural relationship to their meaning.8.duality: one design feature of human language, which refersto the property of having two levels of are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.9.displacement:one design feature of human language, whichmeans human language enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present c in time and space at the moment of communication.10.p hatic communion: one function of human language, whichrefers to the social interaction of language.11.m etalanguage:certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms forthe analysis and description of particular studies.12.m acrolinguistics: he interacting study between language andlanguage-related disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnograph, science of law and artificial intelligence etc.Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, etc.13.c ompetence: language user’s underlying knowledge aboutthe system of rules.14.p erformance: the actual use of language in concrete situation.15.l angue: the linguistic competence of the speaker.16.p arole:the actual phenomena or data oflinguistics(utterances).Q4:Not really. Onomatopoeia is at most suggestive of the natural sounds they try to capture. They are arbitrary as signifiers.Q9:Yes. All human languages are complicated systems of communication. This is decided by their shared design features. Q11:If someone is sneezing violently, maybe your parents and grandparents may say: “Are you ok?”, “D o you need to see a doctor?”, “Do you need some water?”, “Do you need a handkerchief?”, “Do you have a cold?” or something like these to show their concerns.Q18:Ethnic background, socioeconomic status, region of the country, physical state changes within the indicidual, such as intoxication, fatigue, distraction, illness.。
语言学教程Chapter_ 1
How to study
1. Preview and review 2. Discuss with your classmates & ask
3. Could the sentence— “As the night fell, the wind rose” be expressed as “As the wind rose, the night fell”? If not, why? Does this indicate a degree of non-arbitrariness about word order?
2. Language is arbitrary
The relation between expression and content is not natural but conventional. And this conventional relation varies from language to language.
e.g. In the 8-figure dance that a bee uses to indicate the honey source, there are fixed patterns (the direction of the bee’s head and the way that it dances indicate the quantity and distance of the honey source)
book?
英语语言学-语言学知识点
定义：language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
Cultural Transmission（文化传递性）:
3. Design feature 定义特征
语言学知识点
CLICK HERE TO ADD A TITLE
单击此处添加文本具体内容
演讲人姓名
01
02
03
I 语言学导论
II 语言学主要分支学科
III 语言学的流派和理论
design feature of language （语言的定义特征） Language Families (世界语言分类) important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
Arbitrariness（任意性）
01
Duality(二层性)
02
Creativity/Productivity(创造性)
03
Displacement（移位性）
04
Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
05
1）Arbitrariness(任意性): 定义：the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. 举例： 书, book, livre 喜欢，like，aimer
Duality（二层性）:
定义：the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level.
新编简明英语语言学教程整理1~4
A linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use.
二、知识点
nguage is not an isolated phenomenon, it’s a social activity carried out in a certain social environment by human beings.
⑶曾经对语言概念下过定义的语言学家
Sapir---language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communication ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.
Psycholinguistics---the study of language with reference to the working of the mind.
Applied linguistics---the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.
Semantics---It’s simply defined as the study of meaning in abstraction.
Pragmatics---the study of meaning in context of words.
Sociolinguistics—the study of language with reference to society.
英语语言学实用教程PPT课件
(1)What does ‘tall’ mean? (signify) (2)A nod means agreement. (indicate) (3)I know the place you mean. (refer to) (4)Your presence would mean a lot to me. (matter) (5)I am sorry. I didn’t mean to be late. (intend) (6)The boy wasn’t meant to be there. (supposed to)
Review
• What are common means of cohesion in English? • What do we mean by conversational repair?
第1页/共77页
Contents
7.1 The notion of semantics 7.2 Semantic properties 7.3 Semantic relations 7.4 Sense and reference
• The connotative meaning can be the same /different in different languages or cultures. e.g.: fox, machine BUT: dragon, dog, elephant (White Elephant)
detective
spy
decease
die
pegged out
slim
thin
skinny
strong-minded
firm
pig-headed
public servant government employee bureaucrat
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
《英语语言学实用教程》
教学提示
Unit 1 Some Preliminaries about Language
[Check your understanding]
State whether each of the following statements is True or False.
(1) There is universal agreement about the origin of language. F
(2) Pet dogs can speak human languages. F
(3) All human infants can speak some language. F
Note: All normal human infants can learn to speak some language. (4) By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets. F
Note: By creativity we mean that we can always create and understand new sentences never used before.
(5) With different cultures there will be different languages. F
Note: Some cultures can share the same language.
(6) Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information. T Note: Example: language used for phatic communion is not meant to convey new information.
■ In-Class Activities
1. ASK:
(1) What does “language” mean in each of the context s?
a. a natural language; language in particular.
b. a human-specific tool for communication; language in general.
c. individual style of language use.
d. a metaphorical way of referring to bees’ system of communication.
(2) Is there any other context in which the use of the word means something else?
Yes. Example: language for the computer like C+
2. ASK:
(1) What if there were no language?
Omit.
(2) What if there were only one language the world over?
Omit.
(3) What can we learn from this Bible story?
Language is powerful as a tool of human communication.
3. ASK:
(1) Do you think the two statements are equally probable, and if not, why not?
(a) is more likely than (b), because the word as the basic unit of meaning that can occur independently in language is finite in number,
whereas the sentence as composed of words, though almost infinite in number, is made possible by our knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. We can always produce and understand sentences that we never come across before. In that sense, no sentence is really new.
(2) In what context do we make the second statement?
When we focus our attention on the meaning of a sentence or when we are concerned with the form of a sentence as found in a language class.。