陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第8~11章【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言的应用(II))【圣才出
第9章英语语言的应用（II）I. Fill in the blanks.1. H. P. Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of _____ Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words，speak truthfully; do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】质量原则的内容。
2. In the light of the _____ principle, four maxims are specified. They are the maxim of quantity, maxim of _____, maxim of _____ and the maxim of _____.（人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研）【答案】cooperative; quality; relation; manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
3. Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maximof_____.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?【答案】relation【解析】很显然Y的回答与X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起？”无关。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言意义(II))【圣才出品
第7章英语语言意义（II）I. Fill in the blanks.1. Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: _____, _____.【答案】argument; predicate【解析】述谓结构分析把述谓结构分析分割为论元和谓词。
其中谓词是控制论元的主要要素。
2. _____is a type of meaning-dependence between one sentence and another. In terms of truth value, the following relationships exist between the two sentences if a entails b: When a is true, b is necessarily true; when b is false, a is false; when b is true, a may be true or false.【答案】Entailment【解析】蕴含是具有独立意义的不依赖于句子所处的语境。
如果a蕴含b，那么它们存在着如下的真值关系：当a为真时，b也一定为真；当b为假时，a为假；当a为假时，b或真或假；当b为真时，a或真或假。
3. _____means two sentences may have the same meaning, that is, in terms of truth value, a has the same truth value as b: If a is true, b is true; also if a is false, b is false; and vice versa.【答案】Synonymy【解析】同义关系指两个句子拥有同样的意思，即在真值方面，a与b真值相同。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言变体(I))【圣才出品】
第10章英语语言变体（I）I.Fill in the blanks.1. Any discourse can be seen as a configuration of field，mode and _____.（中山大学2003年研）【答案】tenor【解析】话语包括语场、语式、语旨三个方面。
2. More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by _____.【答案】women【解析】语言使用的性别差异。
3. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, _____ language.【答案】vernacular【解析】凡属标准语之外的那些语言变体都被叫做非标准语或本地语。
4. A linguistic _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.【答案】taboo【解析】禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。
5. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.【答案】social【解析】语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
6. In terms of sociolinguistics, _____ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language.【答案】idiolect【解析】从社会语言学的角度讲，个人习语指个人语言风格。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（章节题库第12章英语习得）【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（章节题库第12章英语习得）【圣才出品】第12章英语习得Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.The type of language constructed by second or foreign language learners who are still in the process of learning a language is often referred to as_____.（中⼭⼤学2008研）【答案】interlanguage【解析】中介语是在外语或第⼆语⾔学习中形成的。
2.An influential claim regarding the input issue is the hypothesis that there must be sufficient,comprehensible input available to L2learners,as captured by the_____ formula.【答案】“i+1”【解析】关于输⼊问题，⼀个有影响⼒的说法是假设对于第⼆语⾔学习者必须有可获得的⾜够的以及能够被理解的输⼊，⽤公式可表⽰为“i+1”。
3.Error is the grammatically incorrect form;_____appears when the language is correct grammatically but improper in a communicational context.（中⼭⼤学2008研）【答案】mistake【解析】mistake是指在语法上正确但在交流语境中不恰当。
4._____are“the special thoughts or behaviors that individuals use to help them comprehend,learn,or retain new information”.【答案】Learning strategies【解析】学习策略是指特殊的想法或⾏为，这种想法或⾏为能够帮助学习者理解，学习或者获得新的信息。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语⾔学实⽤教程》（考研真题精选选择题）【圣才出品】⼆、选择题1.The maxim of_____requires that a participant’s contribution be relevant to the conversation.（对外经贸⼤学2015研）A.quantityB.qualityC.mannerD.relation【答案】D【解析】在语⾔学中，The Cooperative Principles(合作原则)包括：Quantity Maxim(数量准则)；Quality Maxim(质量准则)；Relation Maxim(关系准则)；MannerMaxim(⽅式准则)。
其中关系准则要求说话要贴切，要有关联(be relevant)，不答⾮所问。
因此答案选D。
2.Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the_____while the latter does not.（北⼆外2017研）A.meaningB.word classC.formD.speech sound【答案】B【解析】morpheme语素，分为⾃由语素和粘着语素，其中粘着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型，词缀分为派⽣词缀（derivational affixes）和屈折词缀（inflectional affixes）。
派⽣词缀粘附在词根语素上构成新词，也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。
屈折词缀只能改变⼀个词的形式，不能构成新词。
也即屈折词缀增加的是表⽰句法范畴的意义，并且总是不改变词的类别归属。
即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别，故B为正确答案。
3.“Wife”,which used to refer to any woman,stands for“a married woman”in modern English.This phenomenon is knownas_____.（西安交⼤2008研）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing【答案】D【解析】词义缩⼩是指原来的词义缩⼩或被限制到某个明确的意义上。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(考研真题精选 判断正误)【圣才出品】
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
双唇、清音等特征。voicing 是能够区别意义的语音特征之一，但 aspiration 不是。
5. The “Theory of Conversational Implicature” was first proposed by John L. Austin.（北二外 2015 研） 【答案】F 【解析】本题考查会话含义理论。会话含义理论是美国哲学家格莱斯首先提出的，它是语用
2. Onomatopoeic words can show the arbitrary nature of language.（清华 2000 研） 【答案】F 【解析】It is the exception of the arbitrariness of language.
3. The English sentence “If only I could fly!” is in imperative mood.（北二外 2012 研） 【答案】F 【解析】It is in subjunctive mood.
学的核心内容。而奥斯汀提出的是言语行为理论，因此该表述有误。
6. Auditory phonetics studies how sounds are perceived by the speaker.（清华 2001 研） 【答案】F 【解析】It studies how sounds are perceived by the hearer.
7. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice, aims to explain how we mean more than we say.（上海外国语大学 2000 研）
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》考研模拟试题及详解(一)【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》考研模拟试题及详解（一）I. Fill in the following blanks1. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative, and _____ of language makes learning a language laborious. For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language that is more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.【答案】conventionality【解析】语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等，因此使得语言学习比较费力。
2. The term _____ originates from Malinowski’s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders. It refers to the social interaction of language. 【答案】phatic communion【解析】寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski提出。
3. The present system of the _____ derives mainly from one developed in the 1920s by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones (1881-1967), and his colleagues at University of London.【答案】cardinal vowels【解析】基本元音是指一系列约定俗成、固定不变的元音特质，目的是为语言中实际存在的元音描述提供一个参照框架。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【课后练习】(英语语言单位)【圣才出品】
(2) Formulate a morphological rule regarding how to form the plural verb form from the singular verb form in Samoan.
Key: Positive terms can have negative morphemes added to them, as in “happy-unhappy”, but semantically negative ones rarely do, because unis deprecatory as well as negative.
Key: Duplicate the penultimate syllable.
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
3. English has a couple of affixes that serve to express the opposition of meaning, of which un- figures prominently. Observe the following sets of English words (words marked with are not allowed in English):
Ask (1) Which other affixes are there in English that function as markers of negation?
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第8章英语语言的应用（I）
I. Fill in the blanks.
1. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the _____ of, or the _____the utterance. （人大2004研）
【答案】consequence, change brought about by
【解析】言外行为指说话的效果。
2. When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult”, the sentence would have an _____force. （清华2001研，清华2000研）
【答案】illocutionary
【解析】言外行为，表达说话人的意图。
3. _____ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.
【答案】Performatives
【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
II. Multiple Choices.
1. The speech act theory was developed by _____.（对外经贸2006研)
A. John Searle
B. John Austin
C. Levinson
D. G. Leech
【答案】B
【解析】言语行为理论是哲学家约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出的。
它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释，其目的在于回答”用语言干什么”这个问题。
2. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest. (Focus on the type of illocutionary act) （南京大学2007研）
A. threaten
B. advise
C. beseech
D. urge
【答案】A
【解析】A为命令性言语行为，而其他三项为指示性言语行为。
3. _____ is using a sentence to perform a function. （西安外国语学院2006研）
A. A perlocutionary act
B. An illocutionary act
C. A locutionary act
D. Speech act
【答案】D
【解析】约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出言语行为理论, 此理论对语言交际的
本质进行解释，即指出言语行为是指用一句话来发挥作用去完成某些事情。
4. By saying “You have left the door wide open,” a speaker might be performing the three acts: locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary _____. （西安交大2008研）
A. at the same time
B. one after another
C. two first and then the other
D. one first and then the other two
【答案】D
【解析】言语行为理论中的发话行为先发生，然后行事行为和取效行为才发生。
行事行为和取效行为属于话后行为。
5. Which of the following statement concerning context is NOT correct?
A. It was first noted by the British linguist John Firth.
B. It is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
C. It determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him.
D. It is essential to the syntactic study of language.
【答案】D
【解析】语境这个概念由英国语言学家John Firth最先提出，一般认为它是由言者和听者
的共享知识构成，它决定着言者对语言的运用和听者对他所听到话语的理解，它对
语言的语用研究（而非句法研究）来说是必不可少的。
语言的句法研究与语境无关。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
6. Which of the following is NOT correct?
A. The meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized.
B. The meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent.
C. The meaning of a sentence is based on utterance meaning.
D. Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a
real situation of communication or simply in a context.
【答案】C
【解析】句子的意思是抽象的、非语境化的，而话语的意义却是具体的、依赖于语境的。
话语的意义是基于句子意义之上的；它是一个句子的抽象意义在一个真实的交际场合
或仅在一个语境中的体现。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
7. “You have left the window wide open.”Which of the following is the illocutionary act performed by the speaker?
A. The speaker intends to ask someone to close the window or make a complaint.
B. The hearer closes the window.
C. The speaker intends to express what the words literally mean.
D. None of the above.
【答案】A
【解析】言内行为指说话这一行为的本身，使用音位、词汇、句法来表达字面意义的行为；
言外行为指表达说话者交流目的或意图的行为；而言后行为指通过某些话实施的行
为，或讲某些话所导致的行为，实际上是话语所产生的后果或者所引起的变化。
因
此，本题的正确答案为A。
8. How many categories do speech acts fall into according to John Searle?
A. Three.
B. Four
C. Five
D. Six
【答案】C
【解析】Searle区分的五类分别是：representatives（阐述类），directives（指令类），commissives（承诺类），expressives（表达类），declarations（宣告类）。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
9. Which of the following is the typical case of commissives?
A. Believing.
B. Ordering.
C. Promising.
D. Congratulating.
【答案】C
【解析】承诺类是那些言者对未来行为过程做出承诺的言外行为，即在说话的时候，言者将
自己置于某种义务中；允诺（promising），保证（undertaking），发誓（vowing）
都是最典型的例子。
只有C符合题意。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
10. Which of the following is the specific instance of directives?
A. Swearing.
B. Suggesting.
C. Undertaking.
D. Apologizing.
【答案】B
【解析】指令类是言者让听者做某事的企图。
邀请inviting，建议suggesting，要求requesting，忠告advising，警告warning，威胁threatening，命令ordering
都是其例。
只有B符合题意。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
11. The Illocutionary Act was developed by _____.（西安交大2008研）
A. John Austin
B. Levinson
C. John Lyons
D. John Searle
【答案】D
【解析】美国的哲学语言学家约翰·舍尔对言语行为理论的发展做出了巨大的贡献，尤其是他对行事行为的分类。