陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》【章节题库】9-14章【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言的应用(II))【圣才出
第9章英语语言的应用（II）I. Fill in the blanks.1. H. P. Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of _____ Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words，speak truthfully; do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】质量原则的内容。
2. In the light of the _____ principle, four maxims are specified. They are the maxim of quantity, maxim of _____, maxim of _____ and the maxim of _____.（人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研）【答案】cooperative; quality; relation; manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
3. Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maximof_____.X: Who was that you were with last night?Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?【答案】relation【解析】很显然Y的回答与X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起？”无关。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言意义(II))【圣才出品
第7章英语语言意义（II）I. Fill in the blanks.1. Predication analysis is to break down predications into their constituents: _____, _____.【答案】argument; predicate【解析】述谓结构分析把述谓结构分析分割为论元和谓词。
其中谓词是控制论元的主要要素。
2. _____is a type of meaning-dependence between one sentence and another. In terms of truth value, the following relationships exist between the two sentences if a entails b: When a is true, b is necessarily true; when b is false, a is false; when b is true, a may be true or false.【答案】Entailment【解析】蕴含是具有独立意义的不依赖于句子所处的语境。
如果a蕴含b，那么它们存在着如下的真值关系：当a为真时，b也一定为真；当b为假时，a为假；当a为假时，b或真或假；当b为真时，a或真或假。
3. _____means two sentences may have the same meaning, that is, in terms of truth value, a has the same truth value as b: If a is true, b is true; also if a is false, b is false; and vice versa.【答案】Synonymy【解析】同义关系指两个句子拥有同样的意思，即在真值方面，a与b真值相同。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(英语语言变体(I))【圣才出品】
第10章英语语言变体（I）I.Fill in the blanks.1. Any discourse can be seen as a configuration of field，mode and _____.（中山大学2003年研）【答案】tenor【解析】话语包括语场、语式、语旨三个方面。
2. More qualifiers and intensifiers are used by _____.【答案】women【解析】语言使用的性别差异。
3. Language varieties other than the standard are called nonstandard, _____ language.【答案】vernacular【解析】凡属标准语之外的那些语言变体都被叫做非标准语或本地语。
4. A linguistic _____ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the “polite”society from general use.【答案】taboo【解析】禁忌语是由于宗教、政治或性别原因而避免使用的词汇，通常被委婉语所代替。
5. Language itself is not sexist, but its use may reflect the _____ attitude connoted in the language that is sexist.【答案】social【解析】语言本身是不存在性别歧视的，但当语言被不同的人使用时，则会反映出社会中存在的性别歧视现象。
6. In terms of sociolinguistics, _____ is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person’s language.【答案】idiolect【解析】从社会语言学的角度讲，个人习语指个人语言风格。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》章节题库(含名校考研真题)-第8~11章【圣才出品】
第8章英语语言的应用（I）I. Fill in the blanks.1. A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the _____ of, or the _____the utterance. （人大2004研）【答案】consequence, change brought about by【解析】言外行为指说话的效果。
2. When a teacher says “The exam this year is going to be really difficult”, the sentence would have an _____force. （清华2001研，清华2000研）【答案】illocutionary【解析】言外行为，表达说话人的意图。
3. _____ were sentences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.【答案】Performatives【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。
II. Multiple Choices.1. The speech act theory was developed by _____.（对外经贸2006研)A. John SearleB. John AustinC. LevinsonD. G. Leech【答案】B【解析】言语行为理论是哲学家约翰·奥斯丁在他《如何以言行事》一文中提出的。
它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释，其目的在于回答”用语言干什么”这个问题。
2. Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest. (Focus on the type of illocutionary act) （南京大学2007研）A. threatenB. adviseC. beseechD. urge【答案】A【解析】A为命令性言语行为，而其他三项为指示性言语行为。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》课后练习-第1~4章【圣才出品】
第1章导言课后习题详解Check your understanding.State whether each of the following statements is True or False.(1) There is universal agreement about the origin of language.【答案】F(2) Pet dogs can speak human language.【答案】F(3) All human infants can speak some language.【答案】F(4) By creativity we mean the creative use of language as often practiced by poets. 【答案】F(5) With different cultures there will be different languages.【答案】F(6) Not all uses of language are meant to convey new information.【答案】TIn-Class Activities1. “Language”, like “yuyan”in Chinese, is used for different meanings in different contexts, as shown below:a. Chinese is a language.b. Linguistics is the systematic study of language.e. Both Jane and John like Shakespeare’s language.d. the language of beesAsk(1) What does “language” mean in each of the contexts?Key: a. a natural language; language in particular.b. a human-specific tool for communication; language in general.c. individual style of language use.d. a metaphorical way of referring to bees’ system of communication.(2) Is there any other context in which the use of the word means something else?Key: Yes. Example: language for the computer like C+.2. There is a well-known story in the Bible that reflects the importance of language in human society. According to the Old Testament, mankind spoke only one language until Nimrod began to build a tower that was to reach heaven. The Lord said, “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand each other’s speech.”Ask(1) What if there were no language?Key: If there were no language, human beings could not communicate with each other, the experience of great persons and the process of history could not be documented. All in all, without language, the society can not move forward.(2) What if there were only one language the world over?Key: It would be much more convenient for human beings to communicate with each other; however, on the other hand, there could not be such a prosperous development of different cultures.(3) What can we learn from this Bible story?Key: Language is powerful as a tool of human communication.3. The course of linguistics is aimed at bringing our conscious attention to language, something with which we are very familiar and which, paradoxically, we find strange. For instance, language is said to be creative. Consider the following two statements:a. I learned a new word yesterday.b. I learned a new sentence yesterday.Ask(1) Do you think the two statements are equally probable, and if not, why not?Key: (a) is more likely than (b), since as the basic unit of meaning, the word can occur independently in language is finite in number, whereas as composed of words ,the sentence, though is almost infinite in number, is madepossible by our knowledge of vocabulary and grammar. We can always produce and understand sentences that we never come across before. In that sense, no sentence is absolutely new.(2) In what context do we make the second statement?Key: When we focus our attention on the meaning of a sentence or when we are concerned with the form of a sentence as found in a language class.4. The following English words are what we call onomatopoeic words, words that are characterized by a natural correspondence between their physical property (like sound or form) and their content or meaning:bang; bark; crash; hissAsk(1) Are there onomatopoeic words in Chinese?Key: Yes. e.g.“哗啦”、“扑通”、“喀嚓”.(2) Does the existence of onomatopoeic words overthrow the claim that language is arbitrary?Key: No. Onomatopoeic words account for a very limited percentage in the vocabulary of a language5. The arbitrary nature of language does not suggest that individuals can use a language arbitrarily. In fact, once the members of a community agree on the meaning of words, they are supposed to abide by the convention. Look at thefollowing cartoon:Ask(1) Can one really invent a language of one’s own?Key: No.(2) If not, why?Key: A language comes into being and is used by convention or agreement among its speakers.6. Before the middle of the eighteenth century, theories of the beginning of language were widely discussed. According to these early theories, man was created almost instantaneously and speech was provided to him as a divine gift at the moment of creation. So goes the story of the Garden of Eden. God created Adam and speech simultaneously. God spoke with Adam and Adam answered him. The language they used was Hebrew.Andreas Kemke, a Swedish philologist, asserted that in the garden of Eden, God spoke Swedish, Adam spoke Danish, and the serpent spoke French. Goropius Becanus, a Dutch theorist, asserted that the language of the Garden was Dutch.The Egyptians considered themselves the oldest civilization, and therefore the original language was Egyptian.On the assumption that babies, if left alone, will grow up speaking “the original”language, Psammetichus (6 B. C.) had two babies taken at random from an ordinary family and given to a servant to raise. He ordered the servant not to speak a word to the babies. When they were two years old, the children one day abruptly greeted the servant with “Bekos!” The servant immediately reported this to Psammetichus. The king checked with his counselors, who informed him that “bekos”meant “bread”in Phrygian. So in true “scientific”spirit, Psammetichus announced that Phrygian was the original language.Ask(1) Is there any basic flaw in this experiment?Key: The process is not strictly controlled. There may have been some coincidence. The sample size is too small for the experiment to be valid. (2) Do you think we really can answer the question about the beginning of language?Key: No, at least in the present condition where/when we cannot perform experiments on the human brain, the key organ of speech.7. Below are samples of speech from children at three different stages in their acquisition process.。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》(章节题库 第2章 英语语音)【圣才出品】
第2章英语语音Ⅰ.Fill in the following blanks:1.The sound/p/can be described with“_____,bilabial,stop”.（北二外2007研）【答案】voiceless【解析】/p/是双唇音，爆破音，清音。
2.The sound/b/can be described with“_____,bilabial,stop”.（北二外2004研）【答案】voiced【解析】/b/是双唇音，爆破音，浊音。
3.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel.And as a result are most conveniently described in terms of_____and manner of articulation.（北二外2004研）【答案】place【解析】辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。
4._____are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert,impede,or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（中山大学2006研）【答案】Consonants【解析】发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。
5.The present system of the_____derives mainly from one developed in the1920s by the British phonetician,Daniel Jones(1881—1967),and his colleagues at University of London.（中山大学2008研）【答案】cardinal vowels【解析】基本元音是指一系列约定俗成、固定不变的元音特质，目的是为语言中实际存在的元音描述提供一个参照框架。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》【章节题库】9-14章【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》【章节题库】9-14章【圣才出品】第9章英语语言的应用（Ⅱ）Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation.This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle.According to the maximum of_____,do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence.In other words,speak truthfully;do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】合作原则中质量准则内容：不要说自知是不真实的话；不要说缺乏足够证据的话。
2.In the light of the_____principle,four maxims are specified.They are the maxim of quantity,maxim of_____,maxim of_____and the maxim of_____.（人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研）【答案】cooperative;quality;relation;manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
3.Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _____.X:Who was that you were with last night?Y:Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?【答案】relation【解析】很显然Y的回答与X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起？”无关。
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（章节题库第6章英语语言意义（Ⅰ））【圣才出品】
陈新仁《英语语言学实用教程》（章节题库第6章英语语言意义（Ⅰ））【圣才出品】第6章英语语言意义（Ⅰ）Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.According to G.Leech,_____meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.（北二外2007研）【答案】affective【解析】利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人/作者感情、态度方面的意义。
2._____=PARANT(x,y)&MALE(x)（北二外2005研）【答案】FATHER【解析】同时满足“父母亲”和“男性”的条件的只能是“父亲”。
3.According to G Leech,_____meaning refers to logic,cognitive,or denotative content.（北二外2005研）【答案】conceptual【解析】利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。
4.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for,is known as the_____theory.（中山大学2008研）【答案】referential【解析】把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫做指称理论。
5._____is the technical name for the sameness relation.（北二外2007研）【答案】Synonymy【解析】同义关系是相同关系的专业术语，完全的同义关系是很少的。
所谓的同义词都是依赖语境的，它们总是在这方面或那方面有所不同。
6.Terms like“apple”,“banana”and“pear”are_____of the term“fruit”.（北二外2007研）【答案】hyponyms【解析】上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。
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第9章英语语言的应用（Ⅱ）Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.1.H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation.This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle.According to the maximum of_____,do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence.In other words,speak truthfully;do not lie.【答案】quality【解析】合作原则中质量准则内容：不要说自知是不真实的话；不要说缺乏足够证据的话。
2.In the light of the_____principle,four maxims are specified.They are the maxim of quantity,maxim of_____,maxim of_____and the maxim of_____.（人民大学2005年、吉林大学2004年研）【答案】cooperative;quality;relation;manner【解析】考查合作原则及四条次则：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
3.Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim of _____.X:Who was that you were with last night?Y:Did you know that you were wearing odd socks?【答案】relation【解析】很显然Y的回答与X的问题“你昨晚跟谁在一起？”无关。
4.There has been a maxim in_____which claims that“You are what you say”.（中山大学2008研）【答案】quantity【解析】格莱斯的数量准则指1.使你的话语如（交谈的当前目的）所要求的那样信息充分；2.不要使你的话语比要求的信息更充分。
即说你该说的。
5.The theory of conversational implicature was proposed by_____.（中山大学2008研）【答案】Grice【解析】格莱斯认为一定存在一些管理话语产生和理解的机制。
他把这种机制称为合作原则，在这个大原则下有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
6.In making conversation,the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is called the_____principle proposed by Grice.【答案】cooperative【解析】通常在对话中，所有的参与者都被希望能够遵守由格莱斯提出的合作原则，这样就不会有会话含义的产生。
Ⅱ.Multiple Choices.1.A:What do you think of James?B:A fine day,isn’t it?In the dialogue,B’s answer flouts which of the four maxims of CP?A.The maxim of quality.B.The maxim of quantity.C.The maxim of mariner.D.The maxim of relation.【答案】D【解析】根据关联准则，说话要贴切。
本题对话中B选项的回答显然是答非所问，违反了上述的关联准则。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
2.How many maxims are under Grice’s CP?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.【答案】C【解析】美国哲学家Grice提出会话的合作原则具体体现为：数量准则、质量准则、关联准则、方式准则。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
3.Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?（对外经贸大学2006研)A.the maxim of quantityB.the maxim of qualityC.the maxim of mannerD.the maxim of strength【答案】D【解析】格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。
4._____covers the study of language use in relation to context,and in particular the study of linguistic communication.A.SemanticsB.PragmaticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Stylistics【答案】B【解析】pragmatics不同于semantics，因为对这种意义的理解要依赖于说话人，听话人，以及谈话的时间和地点等因素。
Ⅲ.True or False.1.A speaker flouts the Maxim of Quantity when his contributions to the conversation are not truthful.（对外经济贸易大学2005研）【答案】F【解析】违背了质量原则。
2.The co-operative principle was proposed by Grice.（南开大学2004研）【答案】T【解析】合作原则是由格莱斯提出的。
3.In order to be polite,one needs to cooperate in all possible ways.【答案】F【解析】礼貌原则有一定的规则，不是指在所有方面都对对方言听计从。
4.Politeness is a matter of degree.【答案】T【解析】礼貌要有个度。
Ⅳ.Explain the following terms.1.Conversational implicature（川大2010研；武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研）Key:Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning,which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context,under the guidance of the CP and its maxims.For example,the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics ofa tiger.2.Cooperative principle（北二外2010研；北京师范大学2003研）Key:Cooperative principle was proposed and formulated by Grice.It expressesthat in making a conversation,the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate;otherwise,it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk.It goes like this:“make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs,by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”.This principle can be further specified as the four following maxims:Quantity,Quality,Relation;Manner.3.Violation of maxims（北交大2006研）Key:There are circumstances where speakers may not follow the maxims of the cooperative principle.For example,in conversation,a speaker may violate the maxim expectations by using an expression like“No comment”in response to a question.Although it is typically not“as informative as is required”in the context,it is naturally interpreted as communicating more than is said(i.e.the speaker knows the answer).This typical reaction to any apparent violation of the maxims is actually the key to the notion of conversational implicature.When we violate any of these maxims,our language becomes indirect.In this way,we can convey more than is literally said.For example,there is violation of the first maxim of Quantity,and sometimes the first Quantity maxim can be in conflict with the Quality maxim.4.Politeness。