经典：宋词发展介绍【英文】
宋词 (sòng cí)—中国历史著述英文版
宋词(sòng cí)Song Lyric PoetryStill waxing lyrical after 1,000 yearsDuring the Song Dynasty (960-1279), Ci poems (or lyric poems) were in vogue among theliterati. Some believe that Ci arose as words to older melodies transmitted from Central Asia.Each Ci poem is written to a certain tune which determines the number of Chinese characters ineach line. Ci poems were also written under particular titles, called Cipai, which were originallythe titles of set patterns or tunes.Ci poems can be divided into categories according to their lengths, including Xiaoling (58characters or less), Zhongdiao (59-90 characters) and Changdiao (91 characters or more, with thelongest 240 characters).According to styles, Ci poems can also be roughly classified into two schools: the Graceful CiSchool and the Unconstrained Ci School.The Song Dynasty is widely regarded as the peak period of Chinese Ci poetry. During this timeChina produced thousands of great lyrical poetry writers.The “Complete Song Lyric Poetry,”published in 2009, contains nearly 20,000 Ci poems writtenby more than 1,330 Song poets.Among those are poets still popular today. Su Shi (1037-1101), also known by his pseudonym SuDongpo, played a crucial role in creating the style of expressive Ci poetry, combining descriptionsof natural phenomena with deep emotions and political ideas.Many of Su's more than 2,300 Ci poems remain so well known today that nearly every schoolstudent in the country can recite a few lines.These include the first two lines of his poem “Battle of Red Cliff.”“The Great River flows to the east,Washing into oblivion all gallant heroesof bygone years.”His lines describing the beautiful West Lake in the scenic city Hangzhou, the capital of ZhejiangProvince in eastern China are also still famous:“People tend to liken the West Laketo the Lady of the West,Plainly dressed or gorgeously adorned,She always looks the best.”The Lady of the West refers to one of the most famous beauties in ancient China.Among other Song Ci poets who remain very popular today are Liu Yong, Ouyang Xiu, HuangTingjian, Xin Qiji and Li Qingzhao.Xin Qiji (1140-1207) is widely considered one of the greatest writers of Ci poetry during theSouthern Song Dynasty(1127-1279), with many saying he was as talented as Su.Xin was also the chief representative of the unconstrained style, the first to introduce bothcolloquial and classical terms that rendered verse more like prose.Today, more than 600 poems by Xin have been preserved. Many are about his experience as amilitary leader fighting tribal invaders and others about his personal life and feelings. One of Xin's notable Ci poems is “The Lantern Festival to the Tune of Green Jade Bowl,”its lastthree lines the most famous: “In the crowd, I have looked for her morethan a thousand times,Then, suddenly, as I turn my head, I spot her,Over there, where lights are few and dim.”Li Qingzhao (1084-1155) is known as the finest female writer of Ci poetry in the history ofChinese literature.Li developed a distinctive graceful style of lyrical poetry which features plain language, a delicaterestraint, the blending of intense passion and literary images, and beautiful melodious rhythms.Li's poems are very easy to recite.One of her most famous lyrical poems is the “Double Ninth Festival,”to the tune of“Intoxicated Under the Shadow of Flowers.”And most critics agree the last three lines of thispoem are the most appealing:“Oh, no one will say that it's not endearing,When the west wind unfurls the curtain,I feel that I have become more emaciatedthan the yellow flower.”Today, many Chinese people still love Ci poems. For instance, late Chinese leader Chairman Maowas known as a great lover and writer of the genre, who has also left behind a number of verypopular Ci poems.。
宋词英文介绍
宋词英文介绍以下是关于宋词的英文介绍及翻译：The ci poetry of the Song Dynasty, also known as "Song ci poetry" or "ci poetry of the Southern Song Dynasty," refers to the ci poetry created during the Song Dynasty, which is a kind of poetry that is sung and chanted with musical accompaniment. The ci poetry of the Song Dynasty is divided into two major schools: the优雅派(elegant school) and the豪放派(bold and unconstrained school). The elegant school focuses on expressing delicate emotions and beautiful images, while the bold and unconstrained school emphasizes bold expression and vigorous momentum. The ci poetry of the Song Dynasty covers a wide range of themes, including love, nature, and personal reflection, and is known for its delicate emotions and beautiful language.翻译宋词，又称“宋词”或“南宋词”，是指宋代创作的词，是一种有音乐伴奏的歌唱和吟诵的诗歌。
宋词发展介绍【英文】
“Village Physician,” by Li Tang, Southern Song, on silk, National Palace Musuem, Taipei, Taiwan
Su Shi (Su Dongpo,1037-
1101)
The best of the Song ci poets Brought ci to a great height and new frontier Style is generally masculine Most widely read: “Song of River City,” “Prelude to Water Music,” “Immortal at the River”
“Prelude to Water Music” (水調頭歌) by Su Shi
(On Mid-autumn night of the year bingchen (1076), I drank merrily until dawn, got very drunk and wrote this poem, all the while thinking longingly of Ziyou.)
Right: “Eighteen Scholars (in the Tang),” anonymous, Song , National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
Ci Poetry: Characteristics
lyric songs before the 11th century
Woman poet: Li Qingzhao (ca.1084?-1151) • The greatest woman poet of
宋词的英文描述
宋词的英文描述Song PoetrySong Poetry is a type of classical Chinese poetry which is often referred to as ci. The genre originated in the Song Dynasty and was used to describe various scenes and emotions. It is characterized by the use of rhyme and a structure that is broken up into certain syllable counts.Song poetry is often written using a pattern of five or seven characters per line, with each line having the same number of syllables. It uses allusions and metaphors to evoke strong emotions and provide vivid imagery, allowing readers to experience the world in a different way.Song poetry is often accompanied by musical instruments, as composers would use music to bring out the specific emotions that the poem was trying to convey. Its romantic themes often include love, beauty, and sorrow, allowing this type of poem to remain popular among readers of all ages.The art of song poetry carries on to this day, with many contemporary poets still using the same structure and themes in their writing. It’s a beautiful form of literature that has provided us with countless works of art that will be cherished for years to come.。
介绍中国宋朝的英语作文
介绍中国宋朝的英语作文English: The Song Dynasty in China, lasting from 960 to 1279, is known for its significant cultural, technological, and economic advancements. It was a period of great prosperity with a thriving economy, expansive trade routes, and the development of paper money. The arts flourished during this time, with achievements in poetry, painting, calligraphy, and porcelain making. The Song Dynasty also saw the invention of various technologies such as moveable type printing, gunpowder, compasses, and advanced agricultural tools. Additionally, the government implemented bureaucratic reforms and established a civil service examination system, which allowed for social mobility based on merit rather than wealth. Despite being weakened by invasions from neighboring empires towards the end of its reign, the Song Dynasty left a lasting impact on Chinese history and culture.Translated content: 中国的宋朝，从960年持续到1279年，以其重要的文化、技术和经济进步而闻名。
宋朝英语介绍
The Song Dynasty in China was a remarkable period in history, spanning from 960 to 1279 AD. This era is renowned for its significant cultural, technological, and economic advancements, marking a golden age in Chinese civilization.Culturally, the Song Dynasty witnessed a flourishing of literature, art, and philosophy. Poetry, prose, and painting reached new heights of excellence, with numerous masterpieces produced by renowned scholars and artists. The invention of movable type printing during this period revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge and literature, greatly contributing to the spread of culture.Technologically, the Song Dynasty made significant advancements in various fields. The compass was improved and widely used for navigation, which enabled the expansion of trade routes and the growth of overseas trade. The invention of gunpowder also originated during this period, laying the foundation for the development of firearms in later centuries.Economically, the Song Dynasty experienced unprecedented prosperity. Agriculture, handicrafts, and commercial activities flourished, leading to the emergence of bustling cities and towns. The Song economy was also characterized by a vibrant private sector and a thriving market economy, with merchants and artisans playing an increasingly important role in society.The Song Dynasty was also notable for its political system and governance. The imperial court was well-organized and efficient, with a bureaucracy that was relatively merit-based and open to talent from all social strata. However, the dynasty also faced challenges, including frequent wars with neighboring kingdoms and nomadic tribes, as well as internal political struggles and social unrest.In conclusion, the Song Dynasty was a vibrant and dynamic period in Chinese history, known for its cultural, technological, and economic achievements. It left a profound impact on Chinese civilization and continues to inspire and influence people around the world.。
《宋词发展简介》课件
宋代主要的文学、艺术形式以及科技发展等方面，都在很大程度上影响了后 代。
宋词的特点
宋词是汉族传统文化中极具影响力的文体之一，它具有哲理性、文学性和艺术性等多种特点。 宋词拒绝抽象化的修辞语言，强调语言的自然、真实和浅白。 宋词主张真诚、直接、深沉与感人，形成了一种崇尚人情、关注生命的文学精神。 宋词探索了人生、情感、风景等多种主题，集中表现了人对生命的热爱和执着追求。
宋词的现代空间与价值
虽然宋词在文学发展中经历了一段“低谷”，但随着现代的发展，那种表达情 感的诗歌呈现出繁荣的势头。
流传至今的宋词曲成为了文化遗产，在中国现代文化中得到了广泛的认同， 并成为中华民族传统文化不可或缺的一部分。
宋词在文化、思想、宗教、美学等方面的内蕴丰富，是中国诗词发展历程中 非常宝贵的遗产，应继续让更多受众欣赏。
北宋时期的词人代表作品
辛弃疾
王之涣有“登科后”之称
苏轼
豆蔻年华时号“东篱”
李清照
红楼梦中的诗词女神
欧阳修
“松风”不仅是他的别号，也是他的代表作
南宋时期的词人代表作品
辛弃疾
人生若只如初见
李清照
满庭芳 著名词篇，篇篇达到 了艺术的顶峰
陆游
无人不晓楚江边，皆说江南 好风景
宋词常见主题
1
爱情
像一杯老酒，过程缓慢而沉静，品
儒家宋词的影响
儒家文化在中国历史中一直占据着重要的地位，对激励文人的士气和引导传统文化发展方向发挥 了重要作用。
传统文化
儒家文化是中国传统文化 的主导阵地之一，是中国 文化最基础的价值观体系。
山水画
山水画的根源和承续从儒 家思想中得到了生动和充 实的源泉。
宋词
菩萨蛮：原教坊曲名，又名《子夜歌》、《巫山一片云》等。据记 载，唐宣宗时，女蛮国入贡，其人高髻金冠，璎珞被体，故称菩萨蛮队， 乐工因作《菩萨蛮曲》。 钗头凤：取无名氏《撷芳词》“可怜孤似钗头凤”为调名。 西江月：调名取自李白《苏台览古》“只今唯有西江月，曾照吴王宫 里人”。 临江仙：原唐教坊曲名，最初是咏湘灵的。 南歌子：原唐教坊曲名，取自张衡《南都赋》“坐南歌兮起郑舞”。 一剪梅：因周邦彦词“一剪梅花万样娇”而定名。 水龙吟：调名取自李白诗句“笛奏水龙吟”。 沁园春：沁园本为汉代沁水公主园林，唐诗人用以代称公主园。 蝶恋花：原唐教坊曲名，取自梁简文帝诗句“翻阶峡蝶恋花情”， 又名“鹊踏枝”“凤栖梧”。 破阵子：原唐教坊曲名，又名《十拍子》，出自唐初秦王李世民所 制大型武舞曲《秦王破阵乐》 相见欢：原唐教坊曲名，又名乌夜啼，详见李煜的《相见欢 无言独 上西楼》 此外还有浣溪沙、清平乐、渔家傲、凤栖梧、调笑令 、粉蝶儿 、 鸭头绿、 酒泉子 、阅金经 、家山好 、高阳台、涧底松 、真珠帘 、珠 帘卷、捣练子 、浪淘沙、 唤春愁 、啄木儿 、剔银灯、透碧宵、 倦寻 芳 、鸳鸯梦 、薄命女、 爱孤云 。
苏轼词风可分三类 ： 一、 豪放风格 这是苏轼刻意追求的理想风格。他以充沛、激昂 甚至略带悲凉的感情融入词中，写人状物以慷慨豪 迈的形象和阔大雄壮的场面取胜. 二、 旷达风格 这是最能代表苏轼思想和性格特点的词风，表达 了诗人希望隐居、避开乱世、期待和平的愿望。 三、 婉约风格 苏轼婉约词的数量在其词的总数中占有绝对多的 比例，这些词感情纯正深婉，格调健康高远，也是 对传统婉约词的一种继承和发展。
Till today, Song Ci poems are still favored by the masses. The book Three Hundred Song Ci Poems can be regarded as a must for many families, and a great number of renowned Ci poems have been set to new tunes for extensive singing.
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Famous Ci Poets before the Song
Wen Tingyun (812872) Probably the best of the ci poets in the Tang, who inspired many Song ci writers.
Wei Zhuang (836-910) Probably the best ci poet in the end of the Tang dynasty
thousand charms,
And the more you embrace her
The more sweet and slippery she gets 7
(Con’t)
I’ve neglected her a long time.
To the Tune “West of the Little Market”
• “Dreaming of the South” (望江南wàng jiāng nán )
• “Lotus-leaf Cup” (荷葉杯hé yè bēi )
6
I’m thinking of someone
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Sweet face, just sixteen
To the Tune “West of the Little Market”
• became popular in the Song; often reflected daily life in the Song
“Bathing Babies,” Anonymous,
Song, on silk fan, Freer Museum1, USA
In Chinese, one does not speak of "writing" ci but of "filling in" ci; that is, "filling in lyrics" to a known melody. Lyrics are identified by the title of the tune prefaced with "to”, e.g., “To the tune of ‘Washing Creek Sand’.”
Right: “Eighteen Scholars (in the Tang),” anonymous, Song , National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan
2
Ci Poetry: Characteristics
lyric songs before the 11th century
sà mán )
• “Telling the Inner Most Feelings” (訴衷情sù zhōng qíng )
• “Song of Picking Mulberry” (採桑子căi sāng zi )
• “Joy of Eternal Union” (永遇樂yǒng yù lè )
5
Examples of tune patterns
• “The Moon over the West River” (西江月xī jiāng yuè )
• “Wind through Pines” (風入松fēng rù sōng )
• “Deva-like Barbarian” (Bodhisattva Barbarian) (菩薩蠻pú
Authored by men but performed by hired women singers at parties
A situation of men writing words, often in the voices of women, to be sung back to them.
treated events in their daily lives, often emotional
“Entertaining Kids with theatrical performance” by Su Hanchen, 3 Song
Structure: • has "tune patterns," a matrix containing a set number of lines of given length, rhymes in fixed positions, and tonal requirements at certain positions in each lines • Lines of varying length: to fit the irregular, melodic pattern
by Liu Yong
Born beautiful— She has got to be a minx. Where she is most remarkable Is when she laughs and her dimples
show. She has a hundred ways and a
Nature: • A poetry of elegance, languor and sentimentality--regarded as the most refined of all Chinese literary forms, the only one capable of articulating melancholy and a certain kind of erotica. • Song authors broadened the content of ci, using it to narrate events in contemporary urban life
Song Literature: Ci poetry
• Also called lyric song, lyric meter; written for performance
• first appeared in the later Tang, probably in the 8th century,