考博英语-164_真题无答案

考博英语-164(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionPart Ⅰ VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one **pletes the sentence and then mark the correspondingletter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1.It is ______ understood by all concerned that the word no one who visits him ever breathe a syllable of in his hearing will remain forever unspoken.SSS_SINGLE_SELA uncommunicativelyB acceptablyC tacitlyD taciturnly2.Hydrocarbons, ______ by engine exhausts, react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of sunlight to **plex toxic gases.SSS_SINGLE_SELA are given offB give offC they are given offD given off3.We listened dumb-struck, full of ______ to the shocking details of the corruption of the ex-president of **pany.SSS_SINGLE_SELA incredulityB ingenuityC ingenuousnessD incredibility4.The doctor's ______ is that she'll soon be as good as new if she takes insulin and watches her diet.SSS_SINGLE_SELA agnosticismB anticipationC diagnosisD prognosis5.The statesman was evidently ______ by the journalist's questions and glared at him for a few seconds.SSS_SINGLE_SELA put downB put outC put acrossD put away6.Whenever work is being done, energy ______ from one form into another.SSS_SINGLE_SELA convertsB convertedC is convertedD is being converted7.Nicholas Chauvin, a French soldier, aired his veneration of Napoleon Bonaparte so ______ and unceasingly that he became the laughingstock of all people in Europe.SSS_SINGLE_SELA vociferouslyB patrioticallyC verboselyD loquaciously8.______ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Were you usedB Are you usedC Did you useD Do you used9.He could hardly ______ his temper when he saw the state of his office.SSS_SINGLE_SELA hold inB hold upC hold offD hold out10.To be sure, there would be scarcely no time left over for other things if school children ______ all sides of every matter on which they hold opinions.SSS_SINGLE_SELA would have been expected to have consideredB were expected to considerC will be expected to have been consideredD were expected to have considered11.He is ______ drinker, who has been imbibing for so long that he has figuratively speaking, grown old with the vice.SSS_SINGLE_SELA an inveterateB an incorrigibleC a chronicD an unconscionable12.People suffering from ______ prefer to stay shut in their homes and become panic-stricken in large public buildings and open fields.SSS_SINGLE_SELA acrophobiaB agoraphobiaC claustrophobiaD xenophobia13.The child is ______ all the evidence for his opinion.SSS_SINGLE_SELA not encouraged either to be critical or to examineB encouraged either to be critical nor to examineC either encouraged to be critical or to examineD neither encouraged to be critical nor to examine14.______ springs not out of true and deep admiration, but more often out of a self-seeking wish to identify with someone important or famous.SSS_SINGLE_SELA A complimentB An adulatoryC FlatteryD Praise15.Too much ______ can possibly lead to unhappiness, even to thoughts of suicide as few people have the courage to analyze themselves objectively and minutely.SSS_SINGLE_SELA retrospectB introspectionC perspicacityD perspicuity16.All normal human beings are ______ at least to a degree -they get a feeling of warmth and kinship from engaging in group activities.SSS_SINGLE_SELA segregatedB congregationalC gregariousD egregious17.The detective watched and saw the suspect ______ a hotel at the corner of the street.SSS_SINGLE_SELA getting off the taxi and walking intoB got off the taxi and walked intoC get off the taxi and walk intoD got off the taxi to walk into18.______, it is widely used in making flares and fireworks.SSS_SINGLE_SELA As the brilliant white light that burning magnesium producesB Because of the brilliant white light of burning magnesiumC The brilliant white light of burning magnesiumD Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light19.I would have gone to the lecture with you ______ I was sobusy. A. exceptthat B. providedthat C. but that D, only thatSSS_SIMPLE_SINA B C D20.Leaving for work in plenty of time to catch the train will ______ worry about being late.SSS_SINGLE_SELA rule offB preventC avoidD obviatePart Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPassage OneThe concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make much personal decision is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.SSS_SINGLE_SEL21.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ______.A personal health choices help cure most illnessesB it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD wrong decisions could lead to poor healthSSS_SINGLE_SEL22.To "live a completely sedentary life-style" (Line 8, Paragraph 1 ) in the passage means ______.A to "live an inactive life"B to "live a decent life"C to "live a life **plete freedom"D to "live a life of vice"SSS_SINGLE_SEL23.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because______.A current medical knowledge is still insufficientB there are many factors influencing our decisionsC few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of lifeD people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friendsSSS_SINGLE_SEL24.To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to ______.A improving the quality of one's lifeB limiting one's personal health choiceC deliberately ending one's lifeD breaking the rules of social behaviorSSS_SINGLE_SEL25.According to Fries and Crapo sound health choice should be based on ______.A personal decisionsB society's lawsC statistical evidenceD friends' opinionsPassage TwoAs the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic **bined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond **pulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific population. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.SSS_SINGLE_SEL26.It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was ______.A the growing number of schools in **munitiesB an increase in the number of trained teachersC the expanding economic problems of schoolsD the increased urbanization of the entire countrySSS_SINGLE_SEL27.The phrase" coincided with" in line 8 is closest in meaning to______.A was influenced byB happened at the same time asC began to grow rapidlyD ensured the success ofSSS_SINGLE_SEL28.According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that ______.A most places required children to attend schoolB the amount of time spent on formal education was limitedC new regulations were imposed on nontraditional educationD adults and children studied in the same classesSSS_SINGLE_SEL29.Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned inlines 11～12 to illustrate ______.A alternatives to formal education provided by public schoolsB the importance of education changesC activities **peted to attract new immigrants to their programsD the increased impact of public schools on studentsSSS_SINGLE_SEL30.According to the passage, early-twentieth-century education reformers believed that ______.A different groups needed different kinds of educationB special programs should be set up in **munities to modernize themC corporations and other organizations damaged educational progressD more women should be involved in education and industry Passage ThreeIn the early clays of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried.In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no government salary and their **pensation on what they were paid by the recipients of individual letters.In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters wasitself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semilegal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to**petition and was not able to handle efficiently even the businessit had.Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10000 people to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.SSS_SINGLE_SEL31.What does the passage mainly discus?A The increased use of private mail services.B The development of a government postal system.C A comparison of urban and rural postal services.D The history of postage stamps.SSS_SINGLE_SEL32.The word "varied" in line 2 could best be replaced by ______.A increasedB differedC returnedD startedSSS_SINGLE_SEL33.Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?A It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.B It increased the cost of mail delivery.C It was difficult to affix to letters.D It was easy to counterfeit.SSS_SINGLE_SEL34.The private postal services of the nineteenth century claimed that they could do which of the following better than the government ?A Deliver a higher volume of mail.B Deliver mail more cheaply.C Deliver mail faster.D Deliver mail to rural areas.SSS_SINGLE_SEL35.In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?A A salary.B Housing.C Transportation.D Free postage stamps.Part Ⅲ ClozeDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.For (36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain (37) : a yearning for a time when nations in the civilized world buried their differences **bined to oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the terrible consequences of war stopped (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the allies hit those wavebattered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandy invasion stands as afeat (39) to be repeated.There will never be (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have (41) . All-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No credible scenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of the Normandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put teas of millions of American livesat. (43) . And the possible benefits for the allies would be uncertain at best.European defense experts often ask whether the U.S. would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for Dusseldorf". In practice, the question may well be whether it is worth (44) American cities to avenge a Europe already (45) to rubble.SSS_FILL36.SSS_FILL37.SSS_FILL38.SSS_FILL39.SSS_FILL40.SSS_FILL41.SSS_FILL42.SSS_FILL43.SSS_FILL44.SSS_FILL45.Part Ⅳ TranslationDirection: Choose and four sentences from the following and translate them into English1.1．在过去5年中，国民经济持续快速健康发展，综合国力进一步增强。