考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编54(题后含答案及解析)
考博士英语试题及答案
考博士英语试题及答案一、词汇和语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. DuplicateD. Annihilate答案：A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has been working here since she graduated.B. She has been working here since she graduated from university.C. She has been working here since she graduated university.D. She has been working here since she was graduated.答案：B3. The correct usage of the word "subsequent" is demonstrated in which sentence?A. The subsequent event was unexpected.B. The subsequent events were unexpected.C. The subsequent event was not expected.D. The subsequent events were not expected.答案：B4. What is the antonym of "abundant"?A. ScarceB. AbundantC. PlentifulD. Ample答案：A5. The phrase "at the mercy of" means:A. To be in a position of power.B. To be controlled by someone or something.C. To show mercy to someone.D. To be in a state of uncertainty.答案：B...二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇阅读5题，每题2分）Passage 1[文章内容略]6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]7. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]8. The author's attitude towards the subject can be best described as:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. NeutralD. Pessimistic答案：[正确答案]9. What does the term "paradigm shift" refer to in the context of the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]10. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案][其他Passage及问题略]三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）[文章内容略]11. The blank [ ] should be filled with:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]12. The word that best completes the sentence is:A. [选项A]B. [选项B]C. [选项C]D. [选项D]答案：[正确答案]...四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）13. Translate the following sentence into English: [中文句子]答案：[英文翻译]14. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese: [英文句子]答案：[中文翻译]...五、写作（共10分）15. Write an essay of about 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Education".[写作指导略][学生作文略]注意：以上试题及答案仅为示例，实际考试内容会有所不同。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编58(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．To avoid an oil shortage more machines must ______ solar energy.A．developB．introduceC．exerciseD．utilize正确答案：D解析：utilize／-ise vt．利用，使用(如：Can you utilize a computer in your work? to utilize one’s abilities in a suitable job)。
develop vt.开发，研制；发展，形成。
introduce vt．引进，传入；介绍。
exercise vt．运用，行使(权力、影响、耐心、谨慎等)。
2．There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated his employees with______contempt.(2005年中国科学院考博试题)A．utterB．soleC．intimateD．corresponding正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说“经理以完全蔑视的态度来对待他的员工”。
A项“utter 全然的，绝对的”符合题意，如：What he is doing is utter stupidity!(他正在做的是完全愚蠢的事!)其他三项“sole单独的，唯一的：intimate亲密的，隐私的：corresponding相应的，通信的”都不正确。
3．They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any ______ones in this area?(2007年清华大学考博试题)A．evacuatedB．emptyC．vacantD．vacate正确答案：C解析：四个选项的意思分别是：evacuated撤退者的；empty空的，指里面什么东西都没有，如：The ease is empty．(这是个空箱子。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Under ethical guideline recently adopted by the National Institutes of Health, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct disease for which ______ treatments are unsatisfactory.(2014年北京航空航天大学考博试题)A．similarB．dangerousC．uncommonD．alternative正确答案：D解析：本题考查形容词辨析。
A相似的；B危险的；C不寻常的，罕有的；D供选择的。
选择性的，交替的。
句意为：根据国家健康研究机构最近通过的伦理学的指导方针，人类的基因只有在(其他的)治疗方案不能满意的情况下才可以改变。
D为正确选项。
2．The project is not______a failure. It is a success in some respect.A．altogetherB．likelyC．possiblyD．inevitably正确答案：A解析：not altogether并非完全(如：It’s not altogether impossible．She wasn’t altogether pleased with her choice．I don’t altogether agree with him．)。
likely ad.很可能；a.可能的，有希望的(句型：sb．is likely to+动词原形；it is likely that sb．will do sth．；a likely place；不能说likely a place)。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编53(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．We all buy things on the______of the moment; this is what the retail trade calls an “impulse buy”.(2007年中国科学院考博试题)A．urgeB．forceC．spurD．rush正确答案：C解析：此题考查的是词语的搭配。
urge项表示“敦促”；force表示“力量，影响力”；spur表示“动力”；rush表示“匆促”。
只有C项有固定用法on the spur of,表示一时冲动，所以答案是C选项。
2．The young nation has not yet attained political ______.A．stabilityB．prosperityC．maturityD．independence正确答案：A解析：stability n.稳定，稳固(如：Nothing is more important than political stability for a country in its economic endeavour．)。
prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣。
maturity n.成熟(阶段)；有经验。
independence n.独立，自主。
3．Even when textbooks are ______ through a school system, methods of teaching may vary greatly.(2011年四川大学考博试题)A．commonplaceB．standardizedC．competitiveD．generalized正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：commonplace“平凡的，陈腐的，平庸的”；standardized “标准化的”；competitive“竞争的，有竞争力的”；generalized“广泛的，普遍的”。
考博英语(词汇)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．A child hears his mother tongue spoken from morning till night in its ______form.A．correctB．accurateC．genuineD．perfect正确答案：C解析：各项的意思是：correct正确的，合适的：accurate精确的，准确的；genuine纯正的；perfect完美的，完善的。
根据句意判断，答案是C。
知识模块：词汇2．The first few months of the year I had dreaded the ringing of the telephone, because I knew it meant another______decision to be made.A．criticalB．plentifulC．decentD．massive正确答案：A解析：各项的意思是：critical决定性的，关键性的，批评的，批判的，be critical about对某事爱挑剔；plentiful丰富的，大量的；decent正派的，令人满意的；massive可观的，巨大的。
根据句意判断，答案为A。
知识模块：词汇3．In protest, blacks and______whites sat at the counters of these restaurants and refused to move until they were served.A．sensibleB．indifferentC．influentialD．sympathetic正确答案：D解析：各项的意思是：sensible明智的，合情理的；indifferent不关心的，中立的，be indifferent to对……漠不关心；influential有影响的，有权势的；sympathetic赞同的，支持的，be／feel sympathetic toward对……表示同情。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Nobody knew how he came up with this______ idea about the trip.(2004年清华大学考博试题)A．wearyB．twilightC．unanimousD．weird正确答案：D解析：本句空格处意为“提出这个怪主意”。
weird的意思是“怪异的”，与句意相符。
而“weary疲倦的：twilight模糊的；unanimous意见一致的”都不正确。
2．An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)A．thatB．whichC．whatD．whatever正确答案：C解析：本题也可以用“An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack”来表达。
因此，能代替an accident that的只有what。
3．He thought I was lying, ______ I was telling the truth.A．hithertoB．henceforthC．whereasD．nevertheless正确答案：C解析：whereas conj．(表示对比关系)然而，但是，尽管(如：One arrived promptly，whereas the others were late．Some praise him，whereas others condemn him．)。
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Drink coffee when you’re sleepy; it’s a good ______ and will help to keep you awake.A．incentiveB．promptC．stimulusD．appetite正确答案：C解析：本题答案是C。
C项stimulus意为“刺激物，促进因素”。
其他三项词义：incentive意为“刺激；鼓励”；prompt意为“催促，提醒”；appetite意为“食欲；胃口”。
2．Nearly 1,000 people are presumed dead as chances______of finding more survivors from the sunken Egyptian ferry.A．bubbleB．dwindleC．swayD．shiver正确答案：B解析：本题答案是B。
B项dwindle意为“减少，缩小”。
其他三项词义：bubble 意为“起泡，潺潺地流”；sway意为“摇摆，摇动”；shiver意为“打冷战，发抖”。
3．The only way he escaped from the bitter reality was to lose himself in a movie, allowing his imagination to______, viewing himself as a character in it.A．take upB．take onC．take offD．take over正确答案：D解析：本题答案是D。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．It’s a program designed to______ mainly to 16 to 25 year olds.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)A．includeB．appreciateC．appealD．conduct正确答案：C解析：句意为：这是一个为吸引16到25岁年龄段的人而设计的项目。
根据句意，C项appeal“吸引”，其他三项，A项include“包括”、B项appreciate“欣赏”、D项conduct“实施”均不符合句意。
2．In the early 20th century, at the advent of the telephone, it was considered a superfluous instrument which would never be of practical use in the average household.(2003年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．appearanceB．popularityC．dominanceD．consolidation正确答案：A解析：本题中，advent的意思是“出现，到来”。
A项“appearance出现”符合题意，如：His sudden appearance surprised her．(他的突然到来使她很惊讶。
)其他三项“popularity普及，流行；dominance优势，统治；consolidation巩固，合并”都不正确。
3．Don’t eat anything that will spoil your______ for dinner.A．appetiteB．tasteC．interestD．appreciation正确答案：A解析：appetite n．食欲，胃口；欲望(如：She ate slowly，without appetite．At the moment he had no appetite for work／reading．)。
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考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编54(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Mr. White______ for the teacher who was in hospital.A．servedB．substitutedC．placedD．replaced正确答案：B解析：substitute(for)v.用……代替；代替，取代(如：Her brother substituted as host while her husband was away．He substituted for the worker who was ill．)。
serve(as)vi．用作，当作，权当……用。
place vt．放。
replace vt．替换，取代；把……放回原处(replace A by／with B)。
2．I think I’m safe in saying that he will ______me as full Director.A．succeedB．followC．inheritD．pursue正确答案：A解析：succeed vt．接替，接……之后(如：John Adams succeeded Washington as president．Elizabeth succeeded Mary／to the throne．)。
follow vt．跟在……后面。
inherit vt．继承(注：inherit以人作主语，以遗产、官衔、父母的品质或特点等名词作宾语)。
pursue vt．追赶，追踪；追求，从事。
3．They have had a good harvest for three years in______.A．lineB．endC．rowD．succession正确答案：D解析：succession n．连续，接续：接替，继任(in succession—连，一个接一个；have a succession of misfortunes：in succession to[the throne]继承[王位]：have succession to继承)。
be in line排成一行(be in line for下面该轮到；in line with(表语)符合，与……一致；(状语)按照)(可以说in the end结果。
最后；不能说in end；可以说in a row排成一排；不能说in row)。
4．He underwent four______operations in two weeks.A．consistentB．relativeC．successiveD．respective正确答案：C解析：successive a.接连的，连续的，一个接一个的(如：He won three successive matches．for four successive days)。
consistent(with)a．坚持的，一贯的；一致的，符合的。
relative a.相对的，比较的。
respective a.各自的，各个的，分别的。
5．He had wanted a 25 % raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5 % raise would have to______.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题) A．sufficeB．satisfyC．gratifyD．delight正确答案：A解析：本题意为“他本想得到25％的工资涨幅，但在同老板谈话后，他认为他不得不满足于5％的涨幅”。
suffice的意思是“使满足，表示带有无奈情绪的满足”，如：Fifty dollars will suffice me．(50美元足够我用)；satisfy的意思是“满足，主语为人”：gratify的意思是“使满足，表示超出预想的满足”；delight 的意思是“(使)高兴，(使)欣喜”。
四个选项中只有A项符合题意。
6．I believe reserves of coal here are ______ to last for fifty years.A．efficientB．sufficientC．persistentD．rich正确答案：B解析：sufficient(for／to+动词原形)a．足够的，充分的。
efficient a．效率高的，有能力的。
persistent a．(定语或表语)持续的，顽强存在的；坚持不懈的，执意的。
rich a.富有的，有钱的；富饶的，丰富的(in)：肥沃的。
7．“That’s a very good ______ you’ve just put forward,” said Prof. Smith.A．adviceB．informationC．descriptionD．suggestion正确答案：D解析：suggestion n．建议，意见。
advice n.劝告，意见(注意：advice为不可数名词，不能与不定冠词a连用，“一条劝告”应说a piece of advice)。
information n．信息。
description n.描写，形容；种类(give a vivid description of生动地捕绘：power of description描绘能力；beautiful beyond description无法形容的美:…of every description／of various descriptions各种各样的……)。
8．It would be political ______ to admit bankruptcy of its policies.A．challengeB．ignoranceC．suicideD．naivety正确答案：C解析：suicide n.(本义)自杀；(引申)自取灭亡(如：He committed suicide when he was quite young．It would be suicide to admit guilt)。
challenge n．挑战。
ignorance n.无知，愚昧；对……不知(of／about)。
naivety n.天真。
9．Do you think this present is ______ for a little boy?A．superB．suitableC．sufficientD．tough正确答案：B解析：suitable(for／to)a.合适的，适宜的(a suitable word in the context：suitable for the post；make a suitable answer：如：The work is not suitable to me．)。
super a.极好的，超级的，精彩的，漂亮的(a super party／car／view of the mountains)。
sufficient(for)a.足够的，充分的。
tough a.困难的，艰苦的；强壮的，坚强的，能吃苦耐劳的。
10．He hastily packed his clothes in his ______ before setting out on the trip.A．bagB．kitC．suitcaseD．briefcase正确答案：C解析：suitcase n.(旅行用)小提箱，衣箱。
11．It is impossible to ______ this battle, for it raged for six months.A．imagineB．explainC．predictD．summarize正确答案：D解析：summarize vt．概括，总结。
imagine vt.想象，设想；料想，猜想。
12．A friendship may be______, casual, situational or deep and lasting.A．identicalB．superficialC．criticalD．original正确答案：B解析：superficial a．肤浅的，浅薄的；表面的。
identical(with)a.相同的，相等的。
critical a.危急的；决定性的，关键性的；批评的，批判的。
original a.起初的，原来的；独创的，新颖的。
13．It’s my firm belief that socialist system is______to all other social systems.A．advantageousB．superC．superiorD．beneficial正确答案：C14．There is no doubt that the______ of these goods to the others is easy to see.(2005年电子科技大学考博试题)A．prestigeB．superiorityC．priorityD．publicity正确答案：B解析：本题空格处是说这些货物的优势。
B项“superiority优越，高傲”符合题意，如：the superiority over the enemy troops(对敌军的优势)。
其他三项“prestige声望，威望，威信；priority先，前，优先，优先权；publicity公开”都不正确。
15．In addition to rice, we need to ______ our diet with fish, meat and vegetable.A．replaceB．supplementC．replenishD．mix正确答案：B解析：supplement vt.增补，补充。
replace vt．替换，取代；把……放回原处。
replenish vt.重新充实，补充(消耗掉的尔西)。
mix v.(使)混合。
16．He was ______ to be a college graduate but he knew nothing about history.A．supposedB．regardedC．describedD．assumed正确答案：A解析：suppose vt.料想，猜想，假定，以为。
17．These people actively try to______ what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English.(2004年中国社会科学院考博试题)A．suppressB．regressC．enhanceD．revive正确答案：A解析：本题空格处是说这些人积极努力地去压制。