cdr芯片
10G XFP光模块设计
10G XFP光模块设计文章介绍了应用于光网络系统的10 Gbit／s XFP(小型化可热插拔)光模块的基本原理以及光收发模块的设计，采用了CDR(时钟数据恢复)、A PC(自动功率控制)、LA(限幅放大器)和发射驱动集成的主芯片GN2010EA，与传统设计相比不仅降低了设计成本，而且降低了设计的复杂度。
测试结果表明，该模块在宽的温度范围内能保持稳定的光功率和消光比，并且指标满足ITU—T标准的要求，符合10 Gbit／s 光模块设计要求。
引言在光纤通信系统中，实现光／电／光转换功能的光收发模块占有十分重要的地位。
高速率(40、100 Gbit／s)技术已经成为各大运营商关注的焦点，但10 Gbit／s技术仍然是当前通信系统的主流技术，基于标准化的密集波分光通信模块成为其必不可少的一部分，10 Gbit／s XFP(ds型化可热插拔)光模块以其价格低、体积小和应用环境广泛等优点，已经成为10 Gbit／s光模块的主流产品。
本文将介绍兼容40和80 km 的10 Gbit／sXFP光模块的基本原理、低成本的设计方案，以及相关的测试(验证方案的可行性)。
这种设计采用CDR(时钟数据恢复)、APC(自动功率控制)、LA(限幅放大器)和驱动器集成的主芯片GN2010EA，减少了器件的数量，降低了制作工艺难度，达到了低成本的目的。
1 10 Gbit／s XFP光模块的设计1．1 模块功能框图图1所示为10 Gbit／s XFP光模块的基本结构框图。
模块的发射端(包括光发送子系统、主芯片、温控电路以及控制电路)采用输入均衡器、多速率CDR、EML(电吸收调制激光器)驱动器和APC集成的芯片驱动激光器实现电／光转换。
接收端(包括光接收子系统、主芯片以及控制电路)则采用APD(雪崩光电二极管)将探测到的光信号转换成电信号放大整形后输出。
模块中采用单片机控制发射驱动芯片，实现数字诊断功能。
1．2 发射部分发射电信号由主芯片GN2010EA 的TXDIP脚和TXDIN脚进入，经过主芯片发射部分的均衡器、CDR和EML驱动器，再由TXDOP脚和TXDON脚输出，进入TOSA(光发送子系统)进行电信号到光信号的转换。
世界名牌CD机解码芯片大全
世界名牌CD机解码芯片大全【转载】世界名牌CD机解码芯片大全世界名牌CD机解码芯片大全品牌解码芯片ACOUSTIC RESEARCH CD-07 SAA7220日本金嗓子ACCUPHASE DP65 8x PCM1702 (4/ch)ACCUPHASE DP85 AD1853ACCUPHASE DP90 PCM63ADC CD 250XR PCM54日本雅佳AKAI CD55 AD1856AKAI CD69 PCM63AKAI CD-A70 MB84053BAKAI CD-M839 PCM56英国ALBA CD420 PCM54ALCHEMIST NEXUS APD32A 2x TDA1549英国AMC CD60 PCM1716AMC CD8A MN6474 (Technics MASH)AMC CD8B PCM1716ANTHEM CD1 PCM1702英国雅俊ARCAM ALPHA 5 TDA1541ARCAM ALPHA 5 PLUS TDA1541A ARCAM ALPHA 6 SM5864ARCAM ALPHA 7 PCM1710 ARCAM ALPHA 7SE PCM1716 ARCAM ALPHA 8 SM5864AP ARCAM ALPHA 9 dCS RingDAC ARCAM CD72 PCM1716ARCAM CD92 dCS RingDAC ARCAM DELTA 270 PCM69ARCAM DELTA BOX 5 PCM67英国ARYE CX-7 PCM1738ARYE D-1 PCM1704美国雅格美AUDIO ALCHEMY ENGINE v3."0 AD1862意大利AUDIO ANALOGUE MAESTRO AD1855 AUDIO INNOVATIONS ALTO PCM1716英国AUDIO NOTE CD-1 PCM1710 AUDIO NOTE CD-2 AD1865 AUDIO NOTE DAC-3 PCM63美国AUDIO RESEARCH CD1 SAA7341英国奥迪兰博AUDIOLAB 8000 CD CS4329英国AVI SC2000MC PCM63 BLAUPUNKT CP2650 PCM54英国剑桥CAMBRIDGE AUDIO CD1 TDA1541 CAMBRIDGE AUDIO CD2 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DENON DCD-1500 PCM54HP-K DENON DCD-1500mk2 PCM56P-J DENON DCD-1520 PCM64 DENON DCD-1530 PCM61 DENON DCD-1550R PCM61 DENON DCD-1550AR PCM61P DENON DCD-1560 PCM1701 DENON DCD-1650R PCM1702 DENON DCD-1800 PCM53 DENON DCD-2560 4x AD1862 DENON DCD-2700 4x PCM1702J DENON DCD-S10/3000 PCM1702J DENON DCD-3300 PCM56P-K DENON DCD-3520 PCM64 DENON DCD-3560 PCM58P-K DENON DCD-S1 PCM1702 DENON DCM-280 PCM1748DENON RCD-100 PCM1710 DENON UCD-F10 PCM61DIORA CD-502 TDA1543DUAL CD130 CX20017DUAL CD20 PCM53EXPOSURE CD TDA1545AEZO FOG STAGE3 AD1853 FISCHER AD935 LC7881 FISCHER Z1 PCM58德国根德GRUNDIG CD103 LC7881 GRUNDIG CD9000 TDA1541A美国哈曼卡顿HARMAN KARDON HD200 YM3020 HARMAN KARDON HD500 PCM53 HARMAN KARDON HD710 MN6474 HARMAN KARDON HD720 PCM1710 HARMAN KARDON HD730 SAA7350 HARMAN KARDON HD760 PCM1702 HARMAN KARDON HD7225 MN6474 HARMAN KARDON HD7300 PCM61HARMAN KARDON HD7325 MN6474 HARMAN KARDON HD7525 PCM61P法国轩乐士HELIOS MODEL1S CS4328 (36 bit, ETNA) HELIOS MODEL2S CS4328 (36 bit, ETNA) HELIOS MODEL3S CS4328 (36 bit, ETNA) HELIOS STARGATE CS4328 (36 bit, ETNA) HEYBROOK SIGNATURE PCM67HIGH TECH GOLDLINE CX904 YM3020日本胜利JVC XL V22 PCM54JVC XL V221 LC7881JVC XL V250BK PCM56JVC XL V311BK MN6471JVC XL V464 MN35500JVC XL V1100 PCM54日本健伍KENWOOD DP47 TD6720N KENWOOD DP460 TD6709N KENWOOD DP850 CX20152 KENWOOD DP1080 LC78620EKENWOOD DP1100D CX20152 KENWOOD DP1510 PCM56 KENWOOD DP2000 CX20152 KENWOOD DP2010 PCM56P KENWOOD DP2080 LC78620E (LC78820) KENWOOD DP3080 SM5864 KENWOOD DP4090 KAN03 KENWOOD DP5020 PCM1701P KENWOOD DP5090 MN35502 JVC KENWOOD DP7002 PCM1702 KENWOOD DP7030 CXD2552 KENWOOD DP7060 TDA1547 KENWOOD DP7090 8x PCM1702 KOREA CHINA CD 022 KDA0316LN KOREA HCD 630 Y3015美国KRELL KAV280 PCM1704英国莲LINN GENKI PCM1723日本力士LUXMAN D 102 TD6709NLUXMAN D 103 PCM1701LUXMAN D 112 1x PCM56LUXMAN D2 92 LC7881日本马兰士MARANTZ CD7 TDA1541AS2 (double crown) MARANTZ CD10 TDA1547MARANTZ CD14 TDA1547MARANTZ CD15 TDA1547MARANTZ CD16D TDA1547MARANTZ CD17mkII TDA1547 MARANTZ CD19 SM5872MARANTZ CD38 TDA1545MARANTZ CD40 TDA1541AMARANTZ CD43 SM5872BSMARANTZ CD45 TDA1540MARANTZ CD48 TDA1549MARANTZ CD52 SAA7321GPMARANTZ CD53 SM5872BSMARANTZ CD63 SM5872BSMARANTZ CD63II SM5872MARANTZ CD63mkII KI SM5872 MARANTZ CD63SE SM5872BS MARANTZ CD65 TDA1541MARANTZ CD67 SM5872MARANTZ CD67SE SM5872MARANTZ CD67II OSE SM5872MARANTZ CD72 SAA7350MARANTZ CD74 TDA1540MARANTZ CD84 TDA1540MARANTZ CD85 TDA1541MARANTZ CD94 TDA1541AMARANTZ CD94II 2x TDA1541AS1 (single crown) MARANTZ CD4000 TDA1545MARANTZ CD5000 TDA1549MARANTZ CD6000 SM5872MARANTZ CD6000KI SM5872美国马克,列文森MARK LEVINSON N\'36 PCM1702 (vagy PCM1704) MARK LEVINSON No. 390S AD1853MERIDIAN 508 CS4329法国美格MICROMEGA LEADER SAA7321GP MICROMEGA LOGIC SAA7321MICROMEGA PREMIUM18 CS4327MICROMEGA STAGE2 SAA7321GP MICROMEGA STAGE6 TDA1305英国美声MISSION dAC5 TDA1547 MISSION dAD3 TDA1305 MISSION PCM4000 TDA1541日本三菱MITSUBISHI DP109 PCM56 MITSUBISHI MC5100 PCM56英国音乐传真MUSICAL FIDELITY A2 YDC103 MUSICAL FIDELITY DIGILOG TDA1541 MUSICAL FIDELITY E60 YDC103 MUSICAL FIDELITY E624 PCM1716英国美丽安MYRYAD T-10 CS4327MYRYAD T-20 CS4327MYRYAD MC100 CXD2565英国NAD 502 MN6474AMNAD 510 SAA7350NAD 512 MN6474NAD 522 PCM1710NAD C541i PCM1710NAD 5100 PCM56NAD 5325 LC7881NAD 5425 MN6471MNAD C520 PCM1710NAD S500 CS4390英国NAIM AUDIO CD1 TDA1541NAIM AUDIO CD2 TDA1541NAIM AUDIO CD3 TDA1541NAIM AUDIO CD3."5 TDA1305NAIM AUDIO CD5 TDA1305NAIM AUDIO CDI TDA1541AS1 (single crown) NAIM AUDIO CDS11 PCM1702K日本中道NAKAMICHI CD PLAYER 1 PCM1700P NAKAMICHI CD PLAYER 4 AD1864N NAKAMICHI MB 4 LC78840NAKAMICHI MB 5 LC78840NAKAMICHI CDP 2E TDA1541ANAKAMICHI OMS 1E PCM56NAKAMICHI OMS 4E PCM54NAKAMICHI OMS 5E TDA1540NAKAMICHI OMS 7E PCM54日本NEC CD610 PCM54日本安桥ONKYO DX-704 MN6472 (Technics MASH) ONKYO DX-6430 YM3020ONKYO DX-6470 PCM56ONKYO DX-6550 Integra TC9219 (ONKYO 8D-3170-1) ONKYO DX-6570 PCM58ONKYO DX-6620 LC7881ONKYO DX-6850 Integra 2x SM5861ONKYO DX-7011 TC9237ONKYO DX-7211 SM5874ONKYO DX-7333 TC9268PONKYO DX-7500 ONKYO 8S-3380-1ONKYO DX-7711 Integra SM5864APONKYO DX-7911 Integra SM5864AP美国PARASOUND CD M839 PCM56 PARASOUND C/DP1000 PCM67 荷兰飞利浦PHILIPS CD-80 TDA1541 PHILIPS CD-100 TDA1540 PHILIPS CD-104 TDA1540 PHILIPS CD-200 TDA1540 PHILIPS CD-202 TDA1540 PHILIPS CD-204 TDA1540 PHILIPS CD-210 TDA1543 PHILIPS CD-304 TDA1540 PHILIPS CD-304 MkII TDA1541 PHILIPS CD-460 TDA1541 PHILIPS CD-465 TDA1541 PHILIPS CD-471 TDA1541 PHILIPS CD-482 TDA1543 PHILIPS CD-610 TDA1541 PHILIPS CD-614 TDA1543 PHILIPS CD-634 SAA7321PHILIPS CD-721 TDA1545APHILIPS CD-723 TDA1545PHILIPS CD-750 SAA7350PHILIPS CD-751 TDA1549PHILIPS CD-753 TDA1549PHILIPS CD-880 TDA1541PHILIPS CD-910 SAA7341GP PHILIPS CD-930 SAA7350PHILIPS CD-931 SAA7350PHILIPS CD-950 TDA1547PHILIPS CD-951 TDA1547PHILIPS CD-960 TDA1541PHILIPS CDR-950 new AD1855 PHILIPS LHH-100 TDA1547PHILIPS LHH-500 TDA1547PHILIPS LHH-600 TDA1547PHILIPS LHH-800 TDA1547PHILIPS LHH-1000 TDA1541 PHILIPS MAGNAVOX CDB-560 TDA1541 PHILIPS MAGNAVOX CDB-650 TDA1541PINK TRIANGLE NUMERAL TDA1305T日本先锋PIONEER DV-717 PE8001APIONEER PD-52 PD2028PIONEER PD-75 PD2028A (vagy PD2028B) PIONEER PD-93 PD2028APIONEER PD-95 PD2028A (vagy PD2028B) PIONEER PD-204 PD2026BPIONEER PD-4500 PCM1700 PIONEER PD-4550 PCM1700P PIONEER PD-5100 PD0034PIONEER PD-5300 PCM56PIONEER PD-5700 PD2026A PIONEER PD-7300 PCM58PPIONEER PD-7700 PD2026A PIONEER PD-9700 PD2028A PIONEER PDR-04 AKM4321PIONEER PDR-609 PCM1716 PIONEER PDR-W739 PCM1716 PIONEER PDR-W839 PCM1716 PIONEER PD-S06 PCM1702JPIONEER PD-S502 PD2026B PIONEER PD-S505 PD2029A PIONEER PD-S507 PE8001A PIONEER PD-S605 PD2029A PIONEER PD-S703 PD2029A PIONEER PD-S707 PE8001A PIONEER PD-S801 PD2028 PIONEER PD-S802 PD2028B PIONEER PD-S901 PD2028B 丹麦翩美PRIMARE D20 AKM4324 PRIMARE D302 4x PCM1702 美国PROCEED PCD2 PCM58P 台湾普腾PROTON AC423 LC78820 PROTON AC424 TDA1311A英国国都QUAD66 TDA1541AQUAD77 CS4328英国君子REGA PLANET PCM1710U瑞士REVOX B225 TDA1540 REVOX B226 TDA1541 REVOX C221 SAA7310英国乐圣ROKSAN ATTESSA DP3P CS4328 ROKSAN CASPIAN TDA1305英国路遥ROTEL RCD-02 PCM1732 ROTEL DCM-9PRO PCM63 ROTEL RCD-855 TDA1541 ROTEL RCD-856BX SAA7323 ROTEL RCD-865BX SAA7323 ROTEL RCD-945AX SAA7341GP T ROTEL RCD-955 TDA1541 ROTEL RCD-965BX SAA7323GP T ROTEL RCD-970BX TDA1305T ROTEL RCD-971 PCM63 ROTEL RCD-975 TDA1305T ROTEL RCD-991 PCM63P ROTEL RCD-1070 PCM1732日本SANSUI CD V1000 PCM56日本三洋SANYO CP489 LC7881SEG CD200 YM3020日本夏普SHARP DX112 IR 3K16BMSHARP DX650 LC7880美国狮龙SHERWOOD CD1 TDA1547 SHERWOOD CD1060C D6372 CX SHERWOOD CD1160R PCM56 SHERWOOD CD1192R YM4113B SHERWOOD CDC2000C μPD6376 SHERWOOD CDC2010RC μPD6376 SHERWOOD CD4030R SAA7350BS SIMAUDIO MOON ECLIPSE 4x PCM1704K日本SONIC FRONTIERS SFCD1 UltraAnalog D20400A SONY CDP-40 1x PCM54SONY CDP-101 CX20017SONY CDP-222ES PCM56P JSONY CDP-227ESD TDA1541SONY CDP-228ESD PCM58PSONY CDP-302ES CX20152SONY CDP-303ESII CX20152 SONY CDP-333ESA CXD2562 SONY CDP-333ESD TDA1541 SONY CDP-333ESJ CXD2562 SONY CDP-337ESD TDA1541 SONY CDP-497 CXD2561 SONY CDP-501ES CX20017 SONY CDP-502 PCM54SONY CDP-502ES CX20152 SONY CDP-520ESII CX20152 SONY CDP-552 PCM54SONY CDP-553ESD PCM53JP-V K SONY CDP-555ESA CXD2562 SONY CDP-555ESD TDA1541A SONY CDP-555ESJ CXD2562 SONY CDP-557ESD PCM58P SONY CDP-620 PCM54SONY CDP-650 PCM54SONY CDP-701ES CX20017 SONY CDP-707ESD PCM58P SONY CDP-777ESA CXD2562QSONY CDP-MS1 CXD8594 + CXA8042AS SONY CDP-R3 + DAS-R1aCXD2552Q + CXD2552 SONY CDP-X229ES CXD2562QSONY CDP-X3000 CXD2562Q + CXA8042AS SONY CDP-X303ES CXD2562QSONY CDP-X5000 CXD2562 + CXA8042 SONY CDP-X505ES CXD2562QSONY CDP-X33ES CXD2552QSONY CDP-X55ES CXD2552SONY CDP-X777ES CXD2552BQSONY CDP-X779ES CXD2562SONY CDP-X77ES CXD2552SONY CDP-X7ESD PCM58P SSONY CDP-X900 CXA8042SONY CDP-XA30ES CXD2562Q + CXA8042AS SONY CDP-XA50ES CXA8042ASSONY CDP-XA55ES CXD8594Q + CXA8042S SONY CDP-XA5ES CXD2562Q + CXA8042AS SONY CDP-XA7ES CXD2562 + CXA8042AS SONY CDP-XB920 CXD8715 + CXA8355 SONY CDP-XB720E CXD8735NSONY CDP-XB930 CXD8735NSONY CDP-XE300 CXD8567SONY CDP-XE330 CXD2529QSONY CDP-XE900 CXD8505 + CXA8055 SONY DAS-R1 TDA1541AS1 (single crown) SOUND WAVE CD1100 LC7881 SUDGEN OPTIMA TDA1543SUDGEN SDA-1 TDA1541SUDGEN SDT-1 TDA1541AS1 (single crown) T+A CD1210R SM5864AP英国麦拉伦TAG McLAREN CD20R CS4329TALK ELECTRONICS THUNDER 3CS4390 TASCAM CD201 MN6474日本第一音响TEAC PD155mk2 Y3015TEAC PD160 TC9218FTEAC PD365 YM7121BTEAC VRDS 7 TDA1547TEAC VRDS 8 PCM1702TEAC VRDS 9 PCM1702TEAC VRDS 10SE TDA1547TEAC VRDS 25 AD1862JTEAC ZD5000 PCM53日本乐声TECHNICS SL-P1 PCM53TECHNICS SL-P2 PCM53TECHNICS SL-P110 PCM54HPTECHNICS SL-P120K E PCM54HP TECHNICS SL-P272A MN6474TECHNICS SL-P770 2x PCM56P + 2x PCM56P-J TECHNICS SL-P990 4x PCM56P-J TECHNICS SL-P1200 PCM54HP TECHNICS SL-PG480A MN662713 TECHNICS SL-PJ28A MN6477TECHNICS SL-PS670D MN6474 TECHNICS SL-PS700 MN6474TECHNICS SL-PS770A MN64733美国THETA DSP PCM67法国汤姆逊THOMSON LAD300 TD6720N THULE CD100 CS4303THULE SPIRIT PCM1715U日本TOSHIBA XR40 TD6705AP UHER UCD-210 LC7882 UNIVERSUM CD4682 PCM56 USHER CD-100 PCM1732美国怀念WADIA 23 AD1865WADIA 850 PCM1702 WADIA 860 4x PCM1702 WADIA 861 4x PCM1704日本雅马哈YAMAHA CD-2 PCM53 YAMAHA CD-3 PCM53 YAMAHA CD-2000 PCM54HP YAMAHA CDX-3 PCM54 YAMAHA CDX-410 PCM56 YAMAHA CDX-420 PCM56 YAMAHA CDX-470 YDC103 YAMAHA CDX-480 MN66271 YAMAHA CDX-490 MN66271R YAMAHA CDX-580 YAC514 YAMAHA CDX-590 YAC514YAMAHA CDX-593 YAC514 YAMAHA CDX-700 PCM56 YAMAHA CDX-880 YAC514 YAMAHA CDX-900 PCM56 YAMAHA CDX-890 YAC514 YAMAHA CDX-893 YAC514 YAMAHA CDX-993 YAC514F YAMAHA CDX-1100 PCM56 YAMAHA CDX-20 PCM58。
CDR系统的组帧模块FPGA设计与仿真
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50kHz
300kHz
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图2频谱模式为9的频谱示意图
2.2子载波索引设计
不同的传输模式其子载波索引是各异的,其中传输模式1和传输模式3相同。图3~4表示各传 输模式中OFDM符号的子载波索引图。
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图3传输模式1与3中子载波索引图
图4传输模式2中子载波索引图
传输模式1和3有2048个有效子载波，而传输模式2则为1024点。如何设计各个导频放置位 置， 如下文所述。 2.2.1系统信息元素有效子载波设计
由于CDR标准比其他标准具有更多优点,成为有关业界的瞩目焦点,但因CDR系统被确定为 国家数字广播的标准进行全网使用投入时间不久，各方面的研究资料比较有限，因此，本设计对其 核心模块之一的组帧模块进行了研究与仿真，并将其集成于一个FPGA （field-programmable gate array,即现场可编程门阵列）芯片上进行系统的仿真,对搭建一个全面的系统测试环境有重大的意义， 具有很强的实用价值，同时也为将来在专用的集成电路芯片（ASIC）上提供了实现的基础。
2021年 6月 第38卷第3期
三明学院学报 JOURNAL OF SANMING UNIVERSITY
doi：10.14098/35-1288/z.2021.03.010
Jun. 2021 Vol.38 No.3
CDR系统的组帧模块FPGA设计与仿真
陈冬英打魏建崇1，2
(1.福建江夏学院电子信息科学学院，福建福州，350108 2.福建师范大学光学与信息工程学院，福建福州，350108)
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AI算力系列之光通信用光芯片：受益流量增长和全球份额提升
证券研究报告作者：行业评级：行业报告|强于大市维持2023年04月20日（评级）分析师唐海清SAC 执业证书编号：S1110517030002分析师康志毅SAC 执业证书编号：S1110522120002AI 算力系列之光通信用光芯片：受益流量增长和全球份额提升行业深度研究光芯片重要性凸显及未来成长性：磷化铟光芯片及组件是光模块中最大的成本项，其性能直接决定光模块的传输速率，是光通信产业链的核心之一。
根据Yole预测，磷化铟器件预计到2026年下游应用规模将达到约52亿美元，20-26年复合增长率为16%。
国产化率低、成长空间广阔：国内厂商在2.5G及以下、10G光芯片上具有一定优势，但25G光芯片的国产化率约20%，25G 以上光芯片的国产化率仍较低约5%。
生产工艺是核心壁垒：光芯片的制造成本中制造费用占比最高，良率决定各家能力。
生产流程中，量子阱、光栅、光波导、镀膜等环节成为竞争关键。
涉及上市公司：源杰科技（与电子团队联合覆盖）、仕佳光子、光迅科技、长光华芯、光库科技。
风险提示：人才及技术更新风险；下游需求不达预期风险；竞争导致毛利率下降风险；潜在竞争的风险；全球化、国产替代不及预期；报告中引用22年业绩快报仅为上市公司初步核算数据，请以公司最终公告为准。
涉及上市公司股票股票市值（亿元）归母净利润(亿元)P/E代码名称2023-04-192021A2022A2023E2024E2021A2022A2023E2024E 688498.SH源杰科技1590.95 1.00 1.48 1.92166.60158.75107.1082.74 688313.SH仕佳光子780.500.66 1.12 1.50154.93117.4669.7151.81 002281.SZ光迅科技225 5.67 6.357.358.3139.6435.4430.6127.06 688048.SH长光华芯154 1.15 1.25 2.24 3.42133.51123.0568.5945.04 300620.SZ光库科技114 1.31 1.18 1.58 2.1586.9396.5272.0452.85目录1. 光通信用光芯片的分类及下游2. 磷化铟光芯片市场规模及竞争格局3. 光芯片成本分析以及技术壁垒4. 涉及上市公司1.1.不同类型半导体材料的应用领域◆半导体材料包括三大类：✓1、单元素半导体材料，即以单一元素构成的半导体材料，主要包括硅（Si ）、锗（Ge ），其中硅基半导体材料是目前产量最大、成本最低、应用最广的半导体材料；✓2、III-V 族化合物半导体材料，即以III-V 族元素的化合物构成的半导体材料，主要包括砷化镓（GaAs ）、磷化铟（InP ），具有电子迁移率高、光电性能好等特点，是当前仅次于硅之外最成熟的半导体材料，在5G 通信、数据中心、光纤通信、新一代显示、人工智能、无人驾驶、可穿戴设备、航天方面有广阔的应用前景；✓3、宽禁带半导体，以氮化镓（GaN ）和碳化硅（SiC ）等为代表，具有高禁带宽度、耐高压和大功率等特点，在通信、新能源汽车等领域前景广阔，但目前成本较高。
时钟数据恢复(CDR)
时钟数据恢复(CDR)引言概述：时钟数据恢复（CDR）是一种电子设备中常见的技术，它的主要作用是将传输过程中的时钟信号从输入数据中恢复出来。
CDR技术在通信、计算机和数据存储等领域中起着重要的作用。
本文将从四个方面详细介绍CDR技术的原理、应用、优势和未来发展。
一、CDR技术的原理1.1 时钟信号的重要性：时钟信号在数字系统中起着同步和定时的作用，是数据传输的基础。
没有准确的时钟信号，数据传输可能会浮现错误。
1.2 时钟数据恢复的需求：在长距离传输、高速传输和复杂信道环境中，时钟信号可能会受到噪声、失真和颤动等干扰，导致时钟信号的丢失或者变形。
1.3 CDR技术的原理：CDR技术通过采样、检测和锁定的方式，从输入数据中恢复出准确的时钟信号。
具体而言，CDR技术会对输入数据进行采样，检测采样点的时钟相位误差，并通过反馈机制调整本地时钟信号，最终实现时钟数据的恢复。
二、CDR技术的应用2.1 通信领域：CDR技术在光纤通信和高速数据传输中广泛应用。
它可以恢复出光纤通信中的时钟信号，保证数据的传输质量和可靠性。
2.2 计算机领域：CDR技术在计算机内部的总线、接口和芯片中使用。
它可以恢复出高速总线和接口中的时钟信号，确保数据的同步和稳定传输。
2.3 数据存储领域：CDR技术在硬盘驱动器和固态硬盘中起着重要的作用。
它可以恢复出存储介质中的时钟信号，确保数据的读取和写入的准确性和稳定性。
三、CDR技术的优势3.1 自适应性：CDR技术具有自适应性，可以根据输入数据的特性和环境条件自动调整时钟恢复的参数，适应不同的传输场景。
3.2 高精度：CDR技术能够实现高精度的时钟恢复，可以达到纳秒级的时钟相位误差，确保数据传输的准确性和稳定性。
3.3 抗干扰能力：CDR技术具有较强的抗干扰能力，可以有效抑制噪声、失真和颤动等干扰信号，提高数据传输的可靠性和鲁棒性。
四、CDR技术的未来发展4.1 高速传输：随着数据传输速率的不断提高，CDR技术将面临更高的挑战。
tl074cdr原理
tl074cdr原理
TL074CDR是一种四路运算放大器，是TI（德州仪器）公司生产的一款集成电路芯片。
它是一种低噪声、低失真、高输入阻抗的运算放大器，广泛应用于各种模拟电路中。
首先，我们来看一下TL074CDR的工作原理。
TL074CDR内部包含四个独立的运算放大器，每个运算放大器都具有一个差分输入和一个单端输出。
它的工作原理基于运算放大器的反馈控制原理，通过调节输入电压和反馈电阻来实现放大、滤波、积分等功能。
TL074CDR的输入阻抗非常高，输出阻抗非常低，这使得它可以轻松地与其他电路连接而不会对原始信号产生太大的影响。
此外，它还具有低噪声和低失真的特性，能够在信号处理过程中保持高质量的信号传输。
除此之外，TL074CDR还具有广泛的工作电压范围和良好的温度稳定性，使得它可以在各种环境条件下稳定工作。
它的内部电路设计精良，能够提供稳定的放大倍数和频率响应。
总的来说，TL074CDR是一款性能稳定、功能强大的运算放大器
芯片，具有广泛的应用领域，包括音频处理、仪器放大、滤波器等各种模拟电路中。
它的工作原理基于运算放大器的反馈控制原理，具有高输入阻抗、低输出阻抗、低噪声、低失真等特点，适用于各种环境条件下的稳定工作。
MEMORY存储芯片MAX232ECDR中文规格书
DOUTRIN250 kb/s IEC61000-4-2An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability,warranty,changes,use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers.PRODUCTION DATA.1Features•Meets or Exceeds TIA/RS-232-F and ITURecommendation V.28•ESD Protection for RS-232Bus Pins–±15-kV Human-Body Model(HBM)–±8-kV IEC61000-4-2,Contact Discharge–±15-kV IEC61000-4-2,Air-Gap Discharge•Operates From a Single5-V Power Supply With1-µF Charge-Pump Capacitors•Operates up to250kbit/s•Two Drivers and Two Receivers•Low Supply Current:8mA Typical2Applications•TIA/RS-232-F•Battery-Powered Systems•Terminals•Modems•Computers3DescriptionThe MAX232E is a dual driver and receiver thatincludes a capacitive voltage generator to supply RS-232-F compliant voltage levels from a single5-Vsupply.Each receiver converts RS-232inputs to5-VTTL/CMOS levels.This receiver has a typicalthreshold of1.3V,a typical hysteresis of0.5V,andcan accept±30-V inputs.Each driver convertsTTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/RS-232-F levels.Device Information(1)PART NUMBER PACKAGE(PINS)BODY SIZE(NOM)MAX232ECDMAX232EIDSOIC(16)9.90mm×3.91mmMAX232ECDWMAX232EIDWSOIC WIDE(16)10.30mm×7.50mmMAX232ECNMAX232EINPDIP(16)19.30mm×6.35mmMAX232ECPWMAX232EIPWTSSOP(16) 5.00mm×4.40mm(1)For all available packages,see the orderable addendum atthe end of the data sheet.Logic Diagram(Positive Logic)14MAX232ESLLS723C –APRIL 2006–REVISED AUGUST 2016Product Folder Links:MAX232E Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright ©2006–2016,Texas Instruments Incorporated12Device and Documentation Support12.1Receiving Notification of Documentation UpdatesTo receive notification of documentation updates,navigate to the device product folder on .In the upper right corner,click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has changed.For change details,review the revision history included in any revised document.12.2Community ResourcesThe following links connect to TI community resources.Linked contents are provided "AS IS"by the respective contributors.They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views;see TI's Terms of Use .TI E2E™Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E)Community.Created to foster collaborationamong engineers.At ,you can ask questions,share knowledge,explore ideas and helpsolve problems with fellow engineers.Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools andcontact information for technical support.12.3TrademarksE2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.12.4Electrostatic Discharge CautionThis integrated circuit can be damaged by ESD.Texas Instruments recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions.Failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage.ESD damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure.Precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications.12.5GlossarySLYZ022—TI Glossary .This glossary lists and explains terms,acronyms,and definitions.13Mechanical,Packaging,and Orderable InformationThe following pages include mechanical,packaging,and orderable information.This information is the most current data available for the designated devices.This data is subject to change without notice and revision of this document.For browser-based versions of this data sheet,refer to the left-hand navigation.。
芯片型号汇总
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MSP430F2111IPWRPT4115S-80930CLMCSB240SP6201EM5-L-3.3/TRSP6201EM5-L-ADJ/TR SP6205TPS61030RSATVP5146PFPTVP5146PFP10V 1500UF16V 3300UF19-217-R6C-AM2P1VY-3T 2MI100F-0252MI50S-0502SC19706.3V 1500UF6.3V 2200UF6.3V 3300UF6N1376N1376N13774HC138D74HC245D7MBR50NF060A TMEGA48V-10PUBTA12-600BCS9803GPD304XF20U40DNFDFS6N754-NLFODM121R2IN5822KA5M0765RQCTUMBR20H200CMCF5212CAE66PA42PIC12F683-I/SNPIC16C57C-04/PPIC16F677-I/SOPIC24FJ256GA110-I/PT PM15CMA060SC9803GPSIA0903X01SKD31F/16SKD31F/16SSG8205ASTP4NM60TIP41CTL494CVUB60-16N0116F74-I/P1NC452N602SD16102SK26112SK26112SK28372SK283739SF020A-70-440TPS125420（压力传感器）5651（压力传感器）5652（压力传感器）5L0380R67F110（温控开关）67F110（温控开关）6MBI50S-12074HCT540DB75333PADF-2-1ADF-2-1ADF-2-1ADNS-2610(传感器）AI325AMC7135AMC7135A T90PWM3-16SQA T90SC7272CA TMEGA128-16AUA TMEGA128-16AUBC182BBC212BBCR8PM-14LABL8553-33PRMBS2F7HZ0194ABS2F7VZ0194-BS2F7VZ7395 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SAB82352HSARS01V1SF5408SH3750ASH3750ASLA7026MSMAJ4735ASMAJ4744ASR3100STM32F103VETSTP10NK70ZFPTHX203HTL431TL594CDRTL594CDRTPS5430DDAG4TPS72301DBVRUF1004CTUF1004CTUGSP08JXC3S1000-4FT256I1N457A1N938B-1JANTX2068DD2SA812M62SA812M72SB772P2SC1623L62SC1623L72SC2712GR2SC33552SC3356R252SC4226R242SC4226R252SD882P455E5L0380R830BA2624A3901A3901SEJTR-TA T17C128BA6220BF247BBJ8P153ABJ8P153ABJ8P508ABJ8P508ABQ2054BSM100GD120DLC BSM100GD120DLC BTVZ0502SABZT52C10-7C8051F120CD3620CD4067CD4067CS3310CS3310DAN202KDAN202KDP104CDS2433DS2433DTB114ESDTC144EKADTC144EKADTC343TSEL817BEL818CEM78P153SEM78P156ELEM78P156ELEM78P156NEM78P156NEM78P447SEM78P447SEM78P458AEM78P458AEM78P803A/BEN25F40-100GCPEN25F80EV1527FHP3230IM8XGBU25AGRM55ER72A475KA01L HCPL2530HCPL-2531.SHIT647-EQHIT667-EQHT1380HT1381HT1620HT1621HT1621BHT1621GHT7130HT7130HT7133HT7133HT7136HT7136HT7144HT7144HT7150HT7150HT7530HT7530HT7533HT7533HT7536HT7536HT7544HT7544HT7550HT7550HWD2171HY5DU121622CTP-D43-C ICP-N38ISS86ISS86ISS86J174J174J175J175J176J176J177J177JCS830CKRA105MKSP2222KST10MTFKTC9014CL78L05AC2LG9110LM2575T-5LM324LM324LM3475MFLM3485MMLM3658SDLM4562NALM567CHLNK501PNLTC5505-1ES5MAX491CPDMAX706CSA-TMC145010DWMC145010PMC145012DWMC145012PMC145018PMC56F8323VFBEMCP1726-1202E/SNMCP2030-I/SLMJL4281AGML4803MLC3100AMMBT5401MP1410ES-LF-Z MP1411OV2610PAN3101PIC18LF4682-I/PT PMBT4401PMBT4403PP25-48-15PTFA192001ERV4145ANS5C-225HVSA9259SAB80C166-MSB10100FCTSD2200DLPISM2845SS8050CBUTB2132FNTB2132FNTB62705FNTC9274N-011TJM4558CDTTLC5510AITM9936TOP210TV00570002CDGB VIPER53DIP-E WM8768GEDS WM8768GEDS 7805780678087809781278157824790579067908790979127924130031300574HC0474HC13874HC16474HC24574HC59578M0578M0678M0878M0978M1278M15A940A T1628/AM1628 B772BD242CBD243CBD244CBT131-600BT134-600EBT136-600EBT137-600BT137-600EBT138-600EBT151-500RBT151-500RBT152-500RBT169DBTA06BTA08BTA12BTA16BTA26BTA41BTB04-600SL BU406C106DC2073CD40106CD4011CD4011CD4052CD4053CD4066CD4541BNCD6282CD6283CD9088CS4334CT502D880D882E13001AE13005AE13005AE13005AE13007AE13007AEV1527FM62429GT2300/2301/2302 GT3400/GT3401 GT4953GT8205GT9435GT9926HT1380HT1621BHT1628HT6221HT6222JRC4558DKA3525KA3842KA3842/UC3842 KA3843KA3845KA7500KA7805KA7806KA7808KA7809KA7812KA7815LM2575LM2575T/SLM2576LM2576T/SLM258LM2596LM2596T/SLM2901LM2901LM2902LM2902LM2903LM2903LM317MLM317TLM324LM324NLM339LM339NLM358LM358NLM393LM393NLM567MAC97A6/8MCR100-6MCR100-8MUR1660CTNE555POP07PL2303PT2262PT2272TDA2003TDA2030ATDA2030ATDA2822M/(6-15V) TEA2025B/(9-15V) TIP122TIP127TIP31CTIP32CTIP41CTIP42CTL494TYN612UC3843UC3845ULN2003ULN2803UTC2003LUTC339X0405MFX0605MFZ0103MFZ0607MF0802A字符LCD液晶显示模块0802B字符点阵模块12232-4液晶模块12232-9中文3V液晶显示模块12232A液晶模块12232B图型点阵模块12232C点阵模块128128图型显示模块12864A图型显示模块12864A液晶12864C图型点阵模块12864C中文点阵模块12864I低功耗汉字显示液晶模块12864T液晶模块/LCM模块/液晶屏(图) 12864点阵图型液晶模块T6963C1601A大字符显示模块1601字符显示模块1601字符液晶模块1602大字符点阵显示模块19264A蓝白/黄绿液晶模块19264A蓝白液晶显示模块19264B图型点阵液晶显示模块2×10中文字库液晶显示模块240128-1显示模块240128A蓝白模块240128A液晶显示模块240128点阵液晶模块240128中文字库点阵显示模块/液晶屏24064A图型液晶/LCM模块2864I-1中文点阵液晶模块/LCM模组3.5寸液晶显示屏320240C图型点阵模块3V低功耗0802A字符模块3V低功耗字符点阵3V图型点阵12832中文LCD3V图型点阵160128A显示模块4.3寸夏普彩屏4004A字符液晶模块402A两行大字符模块COG240128C低功耗模块LCD/LCM12864-1液晶显示模块LCD/LCM240128-1点阵图型模块LCD/LCM5.7寸320240A高亮液晶LCD/LCM液晶404ALCD/LCM英文液晶显示模块LCD12232-2液晶模块LCD12832A显示模块LCD12864-06模块LCD12864-07模块LCD128645显示模块LCD12864D液晶显示模块LCD12864J字库模块LCD1601A点阵字符模块LCD1601字符显示模块LCD1602大字符显示模块LCD1604液晶模组LCD大字符1601显示模块LCD点阵显示模块12232-1LCD液晶LCD液晶模块LCD液晶显示模块LCD液晶显示模块128641LCM12864-7点阵显示模块LCM161点阵模块LCM192641点阵图型模块T6963C控制芯片液晶12864F串口中文两行液晶模块/3V显示屏串口字库/图型LCD液晶显示模块低功耗12232F中文图型点阵显示模块(图) 低功耗液晶显示模块两行字符点阵模块三星LTV350QV-F04显示湿度计LCD液晶液晶12232-3显示模块液晶屏3.5寸带触模液晶显示240128A模块字符162液晶显示模块字符204点阵显示模块字符点阵0801B模块字符模块2002A点阵40021N40071N4744A1N581925AA1024-I/SM2SC1946455EADM705-ARZBSM100GD120DLC BSM100GD120DLC BTA20BTA204S-600D BTVZ0502SACM75YE13-12FCM75YE13-12F DAC0832LCNDS2433DS2433DSA17-16AESM6045DVESM6045DVEV1527FDC37C78-HTGBU25AHC08HC08HER204HER204ICP-N38IMBH75D-060S IRLZ44AIRLZ44AISS86ISS86ISS86J174J174J175J175J176J176J177J177KRA105MLM2575T-5.0LM2576T-ADJLM2576T-ADJLM2595S-ADJLM2595S-ADJLM2596T-ADJLM2596T-ADJLM567CHLP8345CLD-1.8 LS14LS14MAX491CPD MAX491CPD MCP2030-I/SL MP2365DN-LF-Z NCP1014ST65T3G NS0013LFP4KE51AP4KE51AP4KE51APL2303HXPL2303HXPL2303HXPL2303HXPL2303HXPL2305PL2305POS-100PS12036PS12036PT76S16ART9164CMS3C2410ALS3C2410ALSA8281IGSA8282SAB80C166-MSB10100FCTSB2040FCTSB2040FCTSD2405APISM0038SPHE8202RQSPIF225A-HL231 SS26T3GSS26T3GSS26T3GST6368B1/FEMST6368B1/FEM STC352TA2132TA2132TB2132FNTB2132FNTB62705FNTL494CNTMG8E60UM3750AVIPER53DIP-EWM8522GWM8768GEDSWM8768GEDS YDS212YDS21278057809130011300320100160L2C43A16V/680UF22UH24C0229GL512N11TAI010 2KDB08M2SA1349/2SC3381 2SD1835S2SD1835S-AA2SK1172SK1173224G-1-100E3314R-1-203E400V/10UF4921QP1002B4921QP1009A4921QP1017A4921QP1043B4921QP1043C4921QP1046A4921QP1047A74HC16475NF7578L0578L0578L088202TAD620ARAD8620BRADTL2-18AP4313KTRBD9703FP-E2BD9703FP-E2BL8023BL8506-42CSMBN/53SBS170CM2020-00TRCP10CS3310-KPD1555DB107DM0465RYDTUDS1620DSPIC30F4013EM78P152ANEN25F40-100GCPFDN340PFF501FM1105GBLC03GBLC03HER207HMMC3124HMMC3124HY5DU1216DTP-D43-C IN5819INA106UINA128UINA128UAISD2560PITR8307/S18ITR8307/S18 ITR9909J112J112JRC4558JZ6206(3.3V) JZ9261(5.0V)K3435KA378R12KA7500KA7500KBP204GKBP204GKBP206GKBP208LAN9115-MT LM2575T-5LM324LM339LM358LM386LM393LM94021BIMG LT11293LTC3703EGM27C512-12F1 M81C55A-2 MAX232MAX3221EEAE MBI1802MC34064A MDSR-7 MDSR-7MIC2951-02YM MP1517DR-LF MT1389QE-K NE555OP27FZOPA2132OPA2604PC817PS21867RJ23N3ABOPT RK3055ERTL8102ELS29GL064A90TFIR4S3P9234XZZ-COC4S3P9234XZZ-COC4S8261AAJS8261AANS8261ABPS8261ABZS9013HSA8281SA8281SPHE8202RQ/TQSPW20N60S5SST89E516RD-40-C-PIE SSU2N60BSTPS2045CTTDA2822(6V)TEA2025(9V)TL431(+-0.5%）TL431ATL494TL494TSOP2136UC3842UDZ5V6BUSBN9603-28MVIPER12AVIPER22AXC1736EPC103653-1103653-120JL2C20JL2C6MBI20GS-0606MBI20GS-06074HCT14D93C46AAH180-WG-7A T89S51-24AU/AIA TMEGA48V-10MUA TMEGA48V-20AUA TMEGA48V-20AUA TMEGA8-16AUA TMEGA8-16AUA TMEGA8-8AUA TMEGA8-8AUCA T1025JI-30CA T1025WICD1691CBCD1691CBCD1691CBCD74ACT20MCMQ82C55AZCMQ82C55AZCS9803GPD71055GBD71055GBEPM3256AQC208-10N FM24CL16-GFM24CL16-GFM24CL16-GFM25L256BGGP30MGP30MHCF4017BEYHCF4017BEYHCF4060BMHCF4060BMHMC284HMC484HMC574MS8ETRHV9931ISP2032A80LT48ISP2032A80LT48KIA7806APKIA7806APLM8V302LM8V302LMX2531LQ1778 LTC3200-5LTC3200-5LTC3200-5M29W128FH70N6E MAX942MBRM140TMBRM140TMBRM140TMC1413BDGMC1413BDGMC68SEC811E2FN MC68SEC811E2FN MIG15J503HMIG30J501LMIG30J503LMP7731DF-LF-Z MT6225ANCP1395APGNJU9202BMNTJD4401NT1ON4742P06P03LVGP6KE24APLS-2PS11035PS11035QS3257QS3257R3111H481C-T1-F SAB80C537NSAB80C537NSN74HC74QPWRQ1 SP3232ESPX1117M3VC0568-V33-LF 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cdr芯片
CDR芯片，即时钟数据恢复芯片（Clock and Data Recovery），是一种用于从串行数据流中恢复时钟信号和数据信息的集成电路。
它常用于高速串行接口中，例如光纤通信、高速以太网、PCI Express等。
下面将对CDR芯片进行详细介绍。
首先，CDR芯片的工作原理是通过对串行数据信号进行采样、时钟恢复、信号解调等一系列处理来恢复出正常的时钟和数据信息。
在高速串行通信中，由于传输信号的衰减、失真等因素，使得时钟信号和数据信号受到严重干扰和变形。
CDR芯片通
过内部的电路设计和算法，对接收到的数据进行时钟提取和恢复，并在正确的时刻对数据进行采样和解调，使其恢复到原始的时钟和数据信息。
其次，CDR芯片具有以下几个关键的性能指标：
1. 时钟恢复精度：即CDR芯片对时钟信号的恢复准确度。
通
常用来评估CDR芯片的抗噪声能力和抗干扰能力。
2. 数据恢复速度：即CDR芯片从接收到数据到恢复出正确的
数据信息所需的时间。
这个指标通常用来评估CDR芯片的处
理速度和实时性。
3. 电源噪声：即CDR芯片对电源噪声的敏感度。
高电源噪声
会导致CDR芯片的工作不稳定，影响时钟和数据的恢复效果。
4. 功耗：CDR芯片在工作过程中所消耗的功率。
功耗低的
CDR芯片可以减少系统的能耗。
此外，CDR芯片还具有以下几个特点和应用：
1. 兼容性：CDR芯片通常支持多种串行数据接口和协议，使
其能够广泛应用于不同的通信系统和设备中。
2. 自适应能力：CDR芯片通过采用自适应算法和引入反馈机制，能够根据不同的信号情况进行自动校正和优化，提高接收信号的质量。
3. 抗干扰能力：CDR芯片通过采用差分输入和输出、滤波电
路等设计和技术手段，能够有效抑制噪声和干扰信号，提高信号的抗干扰能力。
4. 高速传输：CDR芯片通常能够支持高速的数据传输，例如
多Gbps的速率，满足现代通信系统对高速传输的需求。
总而言之，CDR芯片作为一种用于串行数据恢复的关键集成
电路，具有时钟恢复精度、数据恢复速度、电源噪声和功耗等重要性能指标，同时还具有兼容性、自适应能力、抗干扰能力和高速传输等特点。
它广泛应用于光纤通信、网络通信和数据中心等领域，为高速、稳定和可靠的数据传输提供了重要支持。