美国文学复习大纲
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㈠The Significant Differences between British Literature and American Literature
⒈non-existence of folk literature
⒉ the subject of American dream
⒊ strong concept of democracy, freedom, individualism, liberation of personality
⒋diversity and complexity
⒌ rich flavor of life and civilian color
㈡Periodization of American Literature
⒈Early American Literature (17th century and 18th century)
①The Literary Scene in Colonial America (ab.1607-1765)
②Literature of Enlightenment and Revolution (1765-1790s)
⒉19th_century American Literature (1st golden time)
1) Romanticism;
2)Realism; 3)Naturalism
⒊American Literature of the 20th century and the present
1)modernism (2nd golden time); 2)postmodernism (3rd)
㈢Outline of American Literature
⒈Colonial Period (1607—1765)
⒉Revolutionary Period (1765—1790s)
⒊The Age of Romanticism (1800—1865)
⒋The Age of Realism (1865—1918)
⒌American Modernism (1918—1945)
⒍Contemporary Literature (1945-- )
█Colonial Period (1607-1765)
㈠American Puritanism: one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature.
㈡Major writers
①Captain John Smith (约翰·史密斯
the first American writer
②Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉德斯特里特) the first American woman poet a Puritan poet, once called
“Tenth Muse”
●General features of Colonial Literature(p15-p16)
a. Humble origins: diaries, histories, letters etc.
b. In content: serving either God or colonial expansion or both
c. In form: imitating English literary traditions
█Literature of Reason and Revolution
㈠Background (从标题就可看出)
The Enlightenment Movement
The War of Independence
㈡Major Writers and Works
①Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
Poor Richard's Almanack
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin
②Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
Common Sense
The American Crisis
③Philip Freneau(1752-1832)
“Father of American Poetry”
“Pioneer of the New Romanticism”
㈢ Nature lyrics:
The Wild Honey Suckle
The Indian Burying Ground
█Romantism 1800---1861/1865
㈠The phase of New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.
㈡ Classification of the Romantic Writers
⒈Early Romantic writers/ pioneers
Washington Irving
James Fenimore Cooper
⒉Edgar Allan Poe
⒊Transcendentalists
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
⒋Novelists
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Harrite Beecher Stowe
⒌Poets
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Walt Whitman
Emily Dickinson
●Washington Irving
⒈the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame
⒉the father of American short stories
⒊Major Works
①A History of New York《纽约外史》
②The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon《见闻札记》a collection of essays and short stories
③“Rip Van Winkle” 《瑞普·凡·温克尔》
④“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《睡谷的传说》
●James Fenimore Cooper
⒈Frontier Novel
⒉the first authors to write about the Frontier Novelone of American Westward movement and introduced the “Western” tradition into American literature
⒊Works:
Leatherstocking Tales《皮袜子故事集》
The Pioneers
The Last of The Mohicans
The Prairie
The Pathfinder
The Deerslayer
●Edgar Allan Poe
⒈the first author in American literature to make the neurotic the hero and the protagnist
⒉Father of psychoanalytic criticism(精神分析) and detective story
⒊Poetic Theory
①chief aim -- beauty
②the most beautiful thing described by a poem is the death of a beautiful woman;
③the desirable tone of a poem is melancholy
●Ralph Waldo Emerson
⒈Ralph Waldo Emerson is the chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism.
⒉Major Works: