新东方六级强化班写作讲义
新东方六级四十天突破—讲义(精简打印版)写作
前言：教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的，“危乎高哉！…写作‟之难难于上青天。
……一夫当关，万夫莫开。
”学生学习英语写作多时，大多不能迥脱蹊径之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。
于是我悲观起来，认定“文不可以…教‟而能”。
虽说文字和技法可以也应当教一些，俾学生邯郸学步，渐次入门，但就本质特征而论，写作远不只是一个章法和技巧的问题，而是“气之所行”，是皮相之下许多深层主观因素的综合，是一个厚积薄发的养成过程。
这些主观因素，在我看来，体现在国内的英语写作考试当中只局限于素心烂读的积累。
Reading makes a full man.这是英国学者的传世之言，我们的祖先说“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”。
我们赞叹一篇文章，往往是因为我们被文章中的语言所吸引、所征服：语汇丰富、句式整齐、语言或精练或华丽，句式安排熟练自如，自然流畅；而者只能来自于 reading。
但是我们已没有那么多的时间去“读”了，于是乎，语言的总结就变得极其必要！要归纳记叙文中漂亮、地道的语言是困难的，但是要归纳论说文这个各种英语考试的作文类型中的语言不是不可能的。
论说文是由开头、结尾、启转、分析、举例、比较等部分所组成的，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型来表达。
由于这些句型都是地道的英语，是经过千锤百炼，且能表达论说文写作中的不同意思，若能把以论说文为主的当代英语essays中的这些句型摘录归纳成类，供读者参考，无疑是能有助于提高英语写作的语言水平。
模仿和学用漂亮和地道的英语表达法或句型并不是可耻的事。
地道的英语不应是你用学过的词汇和语法规则按某个意思苦苦思索造出来的，地道的英语应是你把英美人对这个意思的习惯说法用到你自己的文章上来的。
该讲义收集了论说文常用的一些句型，与六级考试的一些文章结构模式；希望同学们能以此为依据，Practice makes perfect，达到熟能生巧的境界，从而在六级考试作文部分获得理想的分数！写作原则内容简单化结构模式化（主题句-分论点-总结）语言要包装错误要回避万能理由(Omnipotence)：1、方便：convenient/convenience2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thriftwaste time/money/space; costly, lavish 4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relaxtired, boring, lonely7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk9：经验：experience, social experience, enter the society10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that 许多问题：a host of/a number of problems引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society获得成功：achieve/accomplish success提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采取措施：take effective steps/measures to控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience表现出自信心等：project one's confidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习/职业：pursue one's academic interest/professional career学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom发表看法：voice/express one's opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of求得帮助：enlist one's support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a (vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is …改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/ability加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) one's mental horizons有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience…to practice/dailylife/good use取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for实例二99年6月真题Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的想法①11分When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only lead us to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that “to know more, to read more”. So they believe that reading extensively is better.To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.②5分I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.失分原因：分段太少，语法错误太多③2分Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction.Selective books or reading extensively?Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us.On another hand. Someone’s interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn’t reading at only one level.I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren’t wise.As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task isto held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don’t treat these books with reckless abandon.The best technology of reading is connect.失分原因：分段太多，语法错误太多④14分How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What’s more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn’t read them. Since we can’t read all the books and we shouldn’t read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Who’s right? I think both of th em have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.⑤8分Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people.Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.失分原因：结构失调，表述方式单一典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点；（2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。
大学英语六级写作精讲班讲义
大学英语六级写作精讲班讲义大学英语六级写作精讲班第9讲讲义复合句（下）6. 将下面每组中的两个句子合并，将其中一个改为同位语从句。
1)He is growing old.Nothing could hide the fact.2)He works hard.The fact does not necessarily mean that he is a competent leader.3)I have a complacent feeling.I feel that I’m highly intelligent.4)He explained that he didn’t see the notice.The explanation is unsatisfactory.5)He holds that there is no advantage in introducing the new method.Most of us don’t agre e with his view.6)He won the first gold medal at the 23rd Olympic Games.The news soon spread throughout the country.7)He has suggested that intelligence is a relative matter.His suggestion is not universally accepted.8)I moved that the vote be postponed.He seconded my motion.9)He feared that he might not be able to finish the work.The fear disturbed him greatly.10)We expressed a hope.That hope was that Mr. and Mrs. Morrison would come and visit China again.11)I’ve come from Mr. L in with a message.It says that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.12)Suzy is the right person for the job.There can be no doubt about it.定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句。
六级作文培训课程笔记上海新东方
六级作文培训课程笔记上海新东方六级写作之——第一课（ver.6502）第一课——概述ü自我介绍1. 英语专业2. 领事馆3. 新东方ü课程安排1. 概述和书信2. 书信和对立观点题3. 对立观点和单一观点题4. 单一观点和图表5. 图表，改错和完型ü课程要求1. 预读——范文，模板，泛读2. 复读——例文，笔记3. 实践——押题ü评分原则——内容与结构ü总体评分1. 找：idea2. 扫：从，写作方法3. 感：文字，文法，文体，文笔检查扣分点1. 作文格式2. 拼写3. 搭配4. 三“一致”ü印象分——加分点/闪光点十大闪光点（求求大家）1. 提问法2. 总结法3. “一些人认为”4. 从句：宾语从句、定语从句5. 并列句6. 理由词汇7. 理由段公式8. 路线句型9. 数据的表达10. 结语书信¶信件类型：订购信、退货信、投诉信、建议信、道歉信、感谢信、邀请信、咨询信、安排信、通知信、倡议信、求职信和辞职信十三种。
¶主考类型：求职信、投诉信、订购信、咨询信、倡议信、建议信和邀请信七种。
¶未考类型：求职信、投诉信、订购信和咨询信四种。
¶特殊要求主要体现在以下两个方面：一是要求信息点覆盖全面。
至少应当包含：时间、地点、人物、主要事件（或观点）等。
二是突出了语言的准确性、格式和语域。
¶下面归纳五大信函写作策略：1. 求职信开头段：表明信息来源，说明写作意图（时间、地点）。
主体段：介绍自己相关的工作经历、学习经历，以此证明你能胜任这个职位（人物）。
次要段：表明自己申请这个职位的理由（事情）。
结尾段：等待回音，联系方式。
2. 投诉信开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，点明你写作的意图（人物、关系）。
主体段：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明，或者讲具体理由，或者谈问题的具体体现方式（事情）。
结束段：表达你希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员做出的努力表示感谢（时间、地点）。
六级作文教材新东方
CET-6电子教材欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材写作第一课第一节我们一共有四次课，要讲三种题型：作文、改错和完形。
作文是必考的，改错和完形选考一个。
我们讲课的顺序是：作文、改错、完形。
前面两节课我们来讲作文。
写作的三条原则：1.practice 从现在开始到考试，规定至少写十篇作文；2.input3.vary：作文要强调的不是内容，而是语言。
注：practice n. 实行, 实践, 练习；input n. 输入,投入逃税cheat on tax flee tax(错误的表达)；vary 变化例：从图表中我们可以看出：在过去十年中，大学生花在电脑上的小时数是不断增加的。
In the past ten years, the number of hours a college student spent on the computer has been increasing.上升，增长ascendIt may affect his study if he spends too much time on the computer.eyesight 视力；It may do harm to one's eyes.1.出题的内容（1）关于大学生的话题；How are Finance My College Education?；Reading Selectively Or Extensively?campus life 校园生活（2）常见的社会问题。
The Changes in People's Diet；The Changes in the Ownership of HousesTraffic Jams；Traffic accidentes；Motorcycles；private cars 私人小汽车考试的作文内容为社会、文化或日常生活的一般常识，不涉及知识面过广、专业性太强的内容。
How to Develop the World Economy?；非典SARS第二节对出题人的分析：1.出题的内容（1）关于大学生的话题；How are Finance My College Education?；Reading Selectively Or Extensively?campus life 校园生活（2）常见的社会问题。
新东方大学英语六级讲义和笔记-写作(五)
新东方大学英语六级讲义和笔记:写作(五)1999.1Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.别人请求帮助时，在什么情况下我们说”不”。
2.为什么有些人在该说”不”的时候不说”不”。
3.该说”不”时不说”不”的坏处。
1998.6Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。
2. 我认为数字和运气无关，……1998.1Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given on Chinese) below:1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害。
课件-六级全程班第三轮写作提升训练3.0-0317
六级写作（第三轮）提升训练主讲老师：潘赟新浪微博：@新东方小潘潘1.录播课程简要回顾2.论说文三大段写作练习3.篇章写作训练4.Q&A课程主要内容一、知识点回顾•写作评分标准（5档）•一档：离题，胡说八道•二档：胡言乱语，没逻辑•三档：说人话•四档：说漂亮话•五档：说有设计的漂亮话•高分/满分= 精彩语言、连贯结构、清晰内容论说文基本框架：•开头段：话题引起+ 图画描述/图表描述/谚语说明/个人观点•中间段：原因后果论证或举例论证或对立观点论证•结尾段：归纳总结+ 建议措施+ 憧憬未来•方法：框架→功能句→按题型组合示例：•E.g. 众所周知… （主题句=含有主题词的句子）。
•It is a truth universally acknowledged that …•1. 位置：首段首句•2. 用法：将主题词放入主题句，填入句中。
•3. 换词：widely believed… , generally known …•4. 示例：2013.06 阅读文学作品•It is generally known that reading literature is not only necessary , but indispensable as well.二、段落写作讲练论说文基本框架：•开头段：话题引起+ 图画描述/图表描述/谚语说明/个人观点•中间段：原因后果论证或举例论证或对立观点论证•结尾段：归纳总结+ 建议措施+ 憧憬未来•方法：框架→功能句→按题型组合示例1：处理医患关系/雇主雇员关系/ 商家和客户之间的关系。
（2018.06）近来，A 和B 之间的冲突日益严重，这经常登上报纸的头条，引起了公众的热烈讨论。
词汇：A和B 的冲突the conflict between A and B头条：headline激烈的讨论heated discussion日益=越来越…地increasingly示例1：处理医患关系/雇主雇员关系/ 商家和客户之间的关系。
最新大学英语四六级写作高分强化讲义
最新大学英语四六级写作高分强化讲义四级作文强化四级作文评分方法五级评分制：2、5、8、11、14分注意字数适中用不同单词表达不同意思如何打动评卷人文章的整体脉络清晰段落的衔接畅顺用词造句经典书写美观英文写作的基本常识清晰的结构1)观点鲜明的开头2)紧扣主题的结尾3)由主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落统一的中心自然的衔接：逻辑关系显性化1)重复词：概括；直接；齐头2)序数词3)关联词：递进；转折；因果平时如何提高写作阅读四级阅读理解文章等等背诵18篇优秀四级作文看电影——阿甘正传、狮子王、老友记30遍图表类特点：有图——趋势透，字数少段落安排：第一段：趋势（变化）第二段：分析变化的原因第三段：自己的看法和感想正文：第一段：1.如图所示a)As we can see from the chart/graph/table/diagram, ……b)The…display that standing the ……carefully, we can see.c)The chart/graph shows/displays that……d)As can be shown in the table ……,e) It is clear/apparent from the chart/table that 2.比例a) B has the largest percentage/proportion of …….b) ……account(s) for/take(s) up 10%. c) On the top of the list is ……, which accounts for 60%. d) At the bottom is ……,which accounts for 10%. e) A is ranked/rated first, followed by B at 30% and C at 25%. 3.增长与下降a) The number of ……increased/rose suddenly/rapidly/dramatically （戏剧地）/substantially （实质的）/considerably/sharply/steeply （险峻地） from 1990 to 2000. b) There was a sudden/rapid/dramatic/substantial/considerable/sharp/steep increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000. c) The number of ……increased/rose steadily （稳定地）/gradually （逐渐地）/slowly/slightly from 1990 to 2000. d) There was a steady/gradual/slow/slight increase/ rise in the number of …… from 1990 to 2000. e) 下降：decrease/fall/drop ；a decrease/drop/reduction/decline in the number of …… 4.达到某点 a) The situation/figures reached /hit a peak/high at 60% in ……. The situation/figures peaked at 60% in ……. b) The situation/figures bottomed out at 20% in ……. The situation/figures hit a trough at 20% in ……. 5. 倍数a) A is twice/three/four times what it was in 1990.A is twice/three/four times the amount in 1990.A is twice/three/four times as much/many as ……in 1990.b) The figure was roughly doubled/tripled/quintupled between 1990 and 2000.c) .percent 15by percent 15 to total the of percent 10 to 5 from up shot jumped rose increased it 2002,Ind) .percent 15by percent 15 to percent 5 to 10 from fell dropped decreased it 1990, with comparisonBy ??e) /doc/aa14317139.html,st of that against as with compared as with compared tripled doubled than more almost nearby has population number percentage figure T he ??f) . with compared ,six times twice times half a and two about than more almost decreased increaseddropped has Itg) 1990. of that as much as half times 4twice is percentage number T he ??h) .1990years few past the years 5recent the in percentage 50 of average an percentage 50plateau a of something risen to approached reached has It ??第二段：As … the number of … 动词+副词during …As … early as 数字，the number was ……, then …… it becausefor e responsibl be cause in result to contribute clead changes Such What factors Several ……列举1. First ……, second ……, last （in addition ）2. For one thing, ……, for another thing , ……, what ’s more ……On onehand , ……, on the other hand , more over, ……Therefore all these r easons ……the changes.第三段：总结：Hence from the ……坏：终止好：发扬喊口号：①It is high time that +一般过去时②Only through ……can we ……只有……我们才能……③??mind in saying following the bear should We remark person great One goes saying the As+名人名言 ? 操辞：上升：rise , increase , go up , boon , rocket下降：decrease , reduce , come down , on the decline快速：rapidly , dramatically , sharply （锐）慢：slowly , gradually二选一类特点：给出两个观点段落安排：第一段：1) 引出将要评论的事物或者观点；2) 提出第一种观点；3) 本观点支持性分论点。
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程 讲义 第3课
新东方4 6级考试作文免费辅导课程讲义第3课第一节Should Firecrackers Be Banned?1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么？2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么？3. 我的看法2. 造成：cause、lead to、result in sth. 、bring about、beresponsible forFirst,setting off firecrackers leads to fires.Secondly it result in injuress to people.Finally it also brings about noise.On the other hand, there are many people who say that firecrackers should be banned.They point out that firecrackers are responsible for fires which destroy property, and for injuries suffered both by the people who set them off and by innocent bystanders. They also say that firecrackers are a waste of money and resources.注：point out 指出；be responsible for 造成On the other hand,there are many people who say that pets should be banned.They point out that pets are responsible for nioses which disturb people's rest,and for injuries suffered both by the people who keep them by innocent neighbors.My own point of view is that we should preserve the old custom of letting offfirecrackers, while at the same time making them harmless. We can do this by banning firecrackers from public places. In addition, we should restrict the setting off of firecrackers to festival days.注：My own point of view is that we should be allowed to keep pets, while at the same time making them harmless.1998年6月For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。
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声明：本资料由考试吧（）收集整理，转载请注明出自服务：面向较高学历人群，提供计算机类，外语类，学历类，资格类，会计类，工程类，医学类等七大类考试的全套考试信息服务及考前培训.六级写作讲义( If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me and I can be reached during the days I am in NOS. )前言：教习过好几门课程，深感写作这一课是最难教的，"危乎高哉!'写作'之难难于上青天。
……一夫当关，万夫莫开。
"学生学习英语写作多时，大多不能迥脱蹊径之外，工而入逸者更是寥寥。
于是我悲观起来，认定"文不可以'教'而能"。
虽说文字和技法可以也应当教一些，俾学生邯郸学步，渐次入门，但就本质特征而论，写作远不只是一个章法和技巧的问题，而是"气之所行"，是皮相之下许多深层主观因素的综合，是一个厚积薄发的养成过程。
这些主观因素，在我看来，体现在国内的英语写作考试当中只局限于素心烂读的积累。
Reading makes a full man.这是英国学者的传世之言，我们的祖先说"读书破万卷，下笔如有神"。
我们赞叹一篇文章，往往是因为我们被文章中的语言所吸引、所征服：语汇丰富、句式整齐、语言或精练或华丽，句式安排熟练自如，自然流畅;而这只能来自于 reading。
但是我们已没有那么多的时间去"读"了，于是乎，语言的总结就变得极其必要!要归纳记叙文中漂亮、地道的语言是困难的，但是要归纳论说文这个各种英语考试的作文类型中的语言不是不可能的。
论说文是由开头、结尾、启转、分析、举例、比较等部分所组成的，其中都有些固定而漂亮的句型来表达。
由于这些句型都是地道的英语，是经过千锤百炼，且能表达论说文写作中的不同意思，若能把以论说文为主的当代英语essays中的这些句型摘录归纳成类，供读者参考，无疑是能有助于提高英语写作的语言水平。
模仿和学用漂亮和地道的英语表达法或句型并不是可耻的事。
地道的英语不应是你用学过的词汇和语法规则按某个意思苦苦思索造出来的，地道的英语应是你把英美人对这个意思的习惯说法用到你自己的文章上来的。
该讲义收集了论说文常用的一些句型，与六级考试的一些文章结构模式;希望同学们能以此为依据，Practice makes perfect，达到熟能生巧的境界，从而在六级考试作文部分获得理想的分数!写作原则内容简单化结构模式化(主题句-分论点-总结)语言要包装错误要回避万能理由 (Omnipotence)：1、方便：convenient/convenience2、效率：efficient/efficiently/efficiency3、节省和浪费：save time/money/space; economical, thriftwaste time/money/space; costly, lavish4：人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolated, conservative5、人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic6、娱乐：colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relaxtired, boring, lonely7、环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty8、安全和危险：safe, danger, risk9：经验：experience, social experience, enter the society10、人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely基本表达(Basic Elements of English Writing)：越来越：be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that许多问题：a host of/a number of problems引起人们注意：claim call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that, awaken sb. to the fact/danger 适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems接触社会：come into frequent/close contact with the world/society获得成功：achieve/accomplish success提出观点/建议：advance / put forward / come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth., take great pains to do(with work/study)影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on较好地驾驭生活：be a better pilot of one's life剥夺机会/权力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity取代就的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way采取措施：take effective steps/measures to控制我们的环境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment躲避危险/挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解释某现象：account for/explain the phenomenon对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into把某因素考虑进去：take sth. Into account(consideration), give much thought to品位人生/自由/青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培养对……的信心：develop/foster one's interest/confidence in经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience表现出自信心等：project one's confidence/feeling/image生活充满不公正的地方：life is full of minor irritation/injustice追求学习/职业：pursue one's academic interest/professional career学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge发挥/起到重要作用：play an (important/active/great) role/part逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture知识/经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom发表看法：voice/express one's opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of求得帮助：enlist one's support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to施加压力：put/exert a academic pressure on重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career大不(没什么)两样：make much(little/no) difference真正重要的是：what really matters/accounts is …改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school参加考试/竞赛等：enter (for) the examination/contest, race参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude进入大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/ability加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand(broaden/enlarge) one's mental horizons有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of有助于解决问题：go a long way to(towards) solving the problem迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use 取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability 充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for实例二 99年6月真题Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的想法①11分When it comes to reading, some people think that reading selectively is a good way, but some other people do not agree with them, they think that reading extensively is better.Those people, who think that reading selectively is better, believe that good books are as many as bad books. Those good books can give us pleasure and knowledge, while those bad books can only leadus to the wrong way. So, they suggest that we should only choose the good books to read and never touch the bad books.But, the other people, who hold that reading extensively is better, think that one kind of books can only give us one aspect of knowledge. Even the best book only contains one field of information. So, they can easily come to the conclusion that "to know more, to read more". So they believe that reading extensively is better.To my point, we should choose good books to read and read good books as many as possible. By this way, we can increase the quality and quantity of reading.②5分I think reading not only selectively but also extensively. Because the two sides are not contradict. Our time is limited. So we can not read every book in the world. However, we will not be interested in every book. We should read those books may be useful to ours, read those books which we like. But those books which we choose must be extensively so it can give ours all kinds of knowledge, news and so on, it also make ours become a wise man. On the one hand reading selectively let ours not waste our time which it is limited. Moreover it can emphasis among all books that we can read. On the other hand reading extensively can deal with all kinds of need in our life. They are all useful to ours.失分原因：分段太少，语法错误太多③2分Most people thought that read books should have been selective. But others believed reading extensively was correction.Selective books or reading extensively?Sure, you can choice one from previous ideas,on one hand, There are too book to read for us. We should choose those which we interested, and it would be helpful for us.On another hand. Someone's interesting was wide. Each book could bring you specific contain we couldn't reading at only one level.I confirmed all of these ideas were good but weren't wise.As a reader, the main task is to discover more and more books the second task is to held some which wonderful and helpful for us. Don't treat these books with reckless abandon.The best technology of reading is connect.失分原因：分段太多，语法错误太多④14分How should we read? Should we read selectively or extensively? Everyone has his own view.Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. What's more, there are many bad books that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldn't read them. Since we can't read all the books and we shouldn't read bad books, we must read selectively.But others may not agree, they emphasize that today's society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will have more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.Who's right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively first. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.⑤8分Some people think reading shall be chosen. Because some books are good to human beings and some books are harmful to people.Some people think that men should read books widely. Because wide reading can help man get much knowledge. And man can use it to change the world.It is my point that reading must be selectively. Because reading is important to man. Some books can help man but some books can lead some people to crime. It can be seen in the newspapers and watched on TV. We can make full use of some good books and gain more useful knowledge. It can make our life more beautiful. We must give up those unhelpful books. They are not good to us. Reading them is wasting time and money. So reading selectively is an important part in reading.失分原因：结构失调，表述方式单一典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：四段比较好(启)Paragraph I：(1)引出将要评论的事物或者是观点;可以用问句开头How should people ……(2)简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。