细胞生物学英语单词

细胞生物学英语单词

细胞的基本结构

细胞膜Cell Membrane

细胞质cytoplasm

细胞核nucleus

膜性结构membranous structure

生物膜biological membrane

单位膜unit membrane

双亲媒性分子amphipathic molecules

分子团micelle

双分子层bilayer

脂质体liposome

整合蛋白integral proteins

边周蛋白Peripheral proteins

细胞外被cell coat

流动镶嵌模型fluid mosaic model

脂筏lipid raft

内膜系统endomembrane system

内质网endoplasmic reticulum, ER

粗面型内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum，RER 滑面型内质网smooth endoplasmic reticulum，SER 微粒体microsome

高尔基体Golgi complex, GC

溶酶体lysosome

过氧化物酶体Peroxisome

微体microbody

线粒体Mitochondrion

基粒elementary particle (ATP synthase)

基质导入序列matrix targeting sequence, MTS

分子伴侣molecular chaperone

核糖体Ribosome

多聚核糖体polyribosome

细胞骨架Cytoskeleton

原纤维protofilaments

微管蛋白tubulin

微管相关蛋白microtubule-associated protein, MAP 单管singlet

二联管doublet

三联管triplet

纺锤丝--动态微管dynamic microtubule

鞭毛--稳定微管stable microtubule

空间：MTOC，microtubule organizing center

中心外周物质pericentriolar material，PCM

微丝microfilament

肌动蛋白纤维actin filament

中间丝Intermediate filament

氨基聚糖Glycosaminoglycan，GAG

细胞运输

被动运输passive transport

单纯扩散Simple diffusion

膜通道蛋白channel protein

化学门控通道ligand-gated channel

电闸门控通道voltage-gated channel

帮助扩散Facilitated diffusion

主动运输active transport

伴随运输co-transport

胞吞作用endocytosis

胞吐作用exocytosis

胞饮作用Pinocytosis

吞噬作用Phagocytosis

受体介导的胞吞作用receptor-mediated endocytosis 网格蛋白clathrin

胞吐作用exocytosis

结构性分泌途径constitutive exocytosis pathway

调节性分泌途径regulated exocytosis pathway

门控转运gated transport

信号肽signal peptide

信号斑signal patch

分子伴侣molecular chaperone

信号假说signal hypothesis

信号识别颗粒Signal recognition particle

信号肽假说signal peptide hypothesis

起始转运信号start-transfer signal

终止转运信号stop-transfer signal

核定位信号nuclear localization signal, NLS

动位蛋白dynein

驱动蛋白kinesin

肌球蛋白myosin

6－磷酸甘露糖M6P

膜流membrane flow

细胞信号传导

信号转导signal transduction

受体receptor

受体酪氨酸激酶tyrosine kinase, trk

配体闸门通道ligand-gated ion channel

G蛋白偶联受体G-protein-coupled receptor

G蛋白guanine nucleotide-binding protein

第二信使Second messenger

腺苷酸环化酶adenylate cyclase, AC

cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶A cAMP dependent protein kinase, PKA

cAMP反应元件结合蛋白cAMP responsive element binding protein, CREB 磷脂酶C phospholipase C, PLC

4,5二磷酸脂酰肌醇PIP2

三磷酸肌醇IP

甘油二脂DAG

蛋白激酶C Protein Kinase C，PKC

Ca2+-钙调蛋calmodulin, CaM

鸟苷酸环化酶guanylate cyclase, GC

一氧化氮合酶nitric oxide synthase，NOS

cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶G cGMP dependent protein kinase, PKG

级联cascade

能量

细胞呼吸cellular respiration

生物氧化biological oxidation

细胞氧化cellular oxidation

糖酵解glycolysis

三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle，TAC

氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation

底物水平磷酸化substrate-level phosphorylation

电子传递呼吸链electron transport respiratory chain

ATP合酶ATP synthetase

化学渗透假说chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis

跨膜的质子动力势能proton motive force

结合变构机制binding change mechanism

细胞运动

动力蛋白motor protein

胞质流动cytoplasmic streaming