2018-2019高考高三英语二轮复习专题整合：专题三第四讲 主旨大意题
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举(5页word版)
2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题文章主旨大意类型典题例举[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random,Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31.What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.[解析] 选C 第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。
2018年高考英语二轮专题复习三维文档：第三板块 题型
题型五 ⎪⎪ 完形填空[全国卷3 年考情分析][说明]句内层次题：是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。
句组层次题：是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。
语篇层次题：是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。
[命题分析]研究近3年的全国卷完形填空试题可发现，文章体裁多为记叙文或夹叙夹议文。
完形填空的设题方式大致可分为句内层次、句组层次及语篇层次三种题型。
在难易程度上，句内层次题和句组层次题较容易，考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案，且句内层次、句组层次题考查最多，能保障考生取得基本分数。
但高考是选拔性的考试，每篇完形填空总会有2～3个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎。
二轮复习在确保句内层次题和句组层次题全做对的前提下，要全力争取语篇层次题不失分。
对于完形填空题，很多考生存在一个解题误区：不先去通读一遍文章，上来就做题。
在不理解文意的情况下，做题就只能是“只见树木，不见森林”，脱离开语篇这个大语境，其结果是不断地涂改、不断地修正，既浪费了时间，又导致出错率大增。
所以，无论考场时间再紧，也要坚持用一分钟的时间大体浏览一下全文再做题。
否则，省掉一分钟，可能悔一生。
一篇挖去20个空格的完形填空，要想耐着性子把残缺不全的文章读完，的确需要很强的定力和高度集中的注意力。
怎样读文才高效，下面给大家介绍一下读文的方法和技巧。
一、读文抓要点，不必过于求全读文时要克服一个错误心态——必须理清弄明。
对于一篇挖去20个空格的短文，再加上考场时间的紧迫性，要完成这样的细读任务是不可能的，再者说，也没有这个必要。
初读文章只要明白了大意(who, when, where, what)，掌握了梗概，总体把握了文章内容、结构、时态和语态变化，情节的展开，结果的形成，就达到了目的，完成了任务。
二、重视首句，通过首句预测，找文章起点背景一般来说，完形填空文章首句不设空，这就给了我们认真审读的有利空间。
高三英语二轮专题复习题型三 主旨大意题
题型三主旨大意题A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇)Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Sa v e Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.“We love Mexican churros，so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant，”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion (一份)，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion，because they are flour，water，sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food，but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight－part series (系列节目)，Sa v e Money：Good Food，follows in the footstep s of ITV’s Sa v e Money: Good Health，which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense，Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.【语篇解读】本文介绍了在英国的一档名为Sa v e Money：Good Food的电视节目。
2018届高三英语二轮专题三阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题
[答题技巧] 1．识别题干关键 (1)What’s the main idea of the passage/text? (2)What’s the passage/text mainly about? (3)What does the author mainly discuss in the passage/text?
专题三 阅读理解
第四讲 主旨大意题
题型 1 概括主旨大意类 [示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ，C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.
The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.
【高三英语试题精选】2018届高考英语阅读主旨要义篇复习汇编
2018届高考英语阅读主旨要义篇复习汇编level cities of the Yangtze River Delta．The map introduces information of intercity coach lines, car parks, subway transfers．It will be distributed free at highway tolls and is also available for download on the website．The other one focuses on visitors in Shanghai．The map will detail the various entries leading to the Expo site, as well as bus stops and subway stations around the city．The introduction of over 90 bus lines connecting the Expo garden to the rest of the city will also be listed．The map will be available at hotels, railway stations, airports and residential areas．Option 3 Radio and television broadcastsVisitors can also get updated traffic information at home or on their mobile devices as the Shanghai Traffic information center will broadcast live traffic condition via radio and TV during the event, so that travelers can adjust their travel plan accordingly．Option 4 Expo transport hotlineIf radio and television broadcasts can not meet your needs of traffic information, organizers in Shanghai have also set up a special hotline for Expo traffic enquiries．There will be two hotline numbers 96time traffic conditions via mobile phone browsers．Traffic information will also be provided to car mounted terminals on the 4,000 Expo taxis, which will enable drivers to have timely access to real-time status on roads．Option 7 Touch screen enquiry machineAs for visitors who stay at hotels who are unfamiliar with the place, the tourism bureau have set up in more than four。
全国2018届高三英语复习试题：专题三第四讲 主旨大意题 课时作业 Word版含解析
A(2017·长春监测)Life in the Internet age is lonely—or is it? That’s what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for reallife relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Web’s influence on daily activities. 36% of those people are online for more than five hours a week. “As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society，”says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the “isolating” point. While 13% of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones，60% reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that email is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads(网虫) spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via e-mails,“that’s a move toward greater connectedness，” says Paul Resnick，a professor at the University of Michigan.This isn’t the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh-area families’ Internet use for a year. People who used the Internet more “talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed，” says Robert Kraut.“It’s true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented，” says Thomas Putnam.As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social life—not better or worse than before, but just different.[解题导语] 本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，即网络是否会导致社会孤立以及来自社会各界的讨论。
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
2018高考英语二轮复习课件：专题1 第三讲 主旨大意类 精品
Q：What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play. B．______ may lead to a better understanding of ______. C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists. D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.
精准高考
英语
大二轮复习
第一部分
阅读理解篇
专题一 阅读理解
第三讲 主旨大意类
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考 生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要 求，文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、 主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标 题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
[解题思路] 第一步 速读全文，找出中心句
Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.
第二步 对比选项，确定答案 关键词复现：__f_l_y_in_g__c_ar_;_c_l_o_se_r_t_o_i_t_s_g_o_a_l ___ 尝试解答：___D_____ 本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了一种新型的飞行汽车。新闻报道的主题句通 常是第一句话，本文的第一句中提到了flying car和closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year，由此可知，飞行汽车快要变成现实了，故选D 项。
2018届高三英语大二轮复习课件：1-1-3突破阅读理解第三讲 高瞻远瞩 锁定主旨大意 精品
Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
[设题方式]——知方向 主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1．The best title/headline for this passage is ________. 2 ． The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about____________. 3．What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage? 4．The passage chiefly discusses/deals with________. 5．Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
[师说] 高考新动向：本篇文章报道了国外公司研发飞行汽车的最新
(高中英语2019版)三轮冲刺 大题提分 大题精做4 阅读理解 说明文(含解析)(含答案)
阅读理解说明文A.【2018年全国卷Ⅰ】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment —and our wallets —as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life —from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices —we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by44%.1. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.2. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.3. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。
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青霄有路终须到，金榜无名誓不还2018-2019年高考英语专题整合：第四讲主旨大意题题型1概括主旨大意类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，C)After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations—major food sources(来源) for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation(植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’s beavers.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.8．What is the text mainly about?A．Wildlife research in the United States.B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.[解题思路]第一步速读文章，找出本篇主题句After__years__of__heated__debate,__gray__wolves__were__reintroduced__to__Yellowstone__National_ _Park.第二步对比选项，确定答案关键词复现：wolves;__reintroduced;__Yellowstone__National__Park尝试解答____D____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)What’s the main idea of the passage/text?(2)What’s the passag e/text mainly about?(3)What does the author mainly discuss in the passage/text?2．“主题句定位”寻主旨概括文章主旨关键在于查找主题句。
主题句是文章的核心，具有明确的概括性。
主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。
开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。
新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。
(2)主题句出现在文末。
在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。
(3)主题句首尾呼应。
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。
(4)主题句出现在中间。
写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。
3．找主题句的五个窍门(1)首段转折处常引出文章主题句；(2)主题句常包含文章主题词；(3)主题句常是定义型或总结型的句子；(4)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是主题句；(5)首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。
题型2总结段落大意类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅱ，C)Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1，400 feet f or eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition.B．The advantages of flying cars.C．The potential market for flying cars.D．The designers of the Transition.[解题思路]第一步读本段文字，试找出能总结段落大意的关键词has__two__seats;__four__wheels__and__wings;__at__1，400__feet;__reach__around__70__miles__per__hour等。
第二步归纳本段大意尝试解答____A____[答题技巧]1．识别题干关键(1)The main idea of the... paragraph is probably ________．(2)The... paragraph talks about ________．(3)What’s Paragraph... main ly about?2．“首尾兼顾”定选项(1)每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落中心通常会在段首句体现出来。
有些采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，段落中心会在段尾句体现。
(2)注意某些段落没有明显的段落中心，需根据段落内容概括出中心。
题型3标题归纳类[示例](2017·全国卷Ⅲ，D)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile labora tory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and wellbeing among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.These include custommade navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”。