IMPORTANT Direct and indirect speech

→She
said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.
The boy said ,” I’m reading a book.”
Direct speech 直接引语 The boy said (that) he was reading a book.
口诀 说明
引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
直接引语
间接引语
一 随 主
二 随 宾 三 不 变
She said,“ I like She said that she liked tennis Tennis.” He said to Lily, He told Lily that “ you must get she must get up up early” early
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间 接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的 人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.
Practice:
3)My teacher said, „„ she is a good student. ‟‟ she My teacher said ____was a good student 4) He said to me,“ I‟ve left her book in your he her room” my He told me that ___had left ___ book in ___ room.
tomorrow
next …
The next/following day
The next/following …
记住：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和
动词的变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词
时间状语
this, these
now today yesterday tomorrow this week next week... here
I can speak three languages.
What did he say?
He said he could speak three languages.
I am mad at Marcia.
He said he was mad at Marcia.
What did he say?
We are having a party for Lana.
现在完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：
now today tonight ago yesterday last night then That day That night Before/earlier The day before The night before
2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语
Do you have math? ( They asked him )
you have math
注：
如果主句是一般现在时，直接引语变 间接引语时，从句的时态不变。 He says, “I’m not good at math. ” He says that he is not good at math.
注意： (1)如果在当天转述today,yesterday, tomorrow 等 时间状语也不必改变。 (2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there，动词 come 不必改为go. (3)当转述客观真理时，直接引语变为间接引语时， 时态不变。如： 1.He said , “The moon moves around the earth He said that the moon moves around the earth (4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时 也经常用一般现在时。 My teacher said, “Tom is a good student. ” My teacher said Tom is a good student.
What did they say? They said they were having a party for Lana.
I am hardworking. I am not lazy.
What she did she say? She said was hard-working, What did shewas say? She said she not lazy.
I’m good at playing basketball.
good at playing He said What didhe hewas say?
basketball.
I am good at English. I do well in do well in English. She said good at English. What did she she was say? What did she say? She said she did well in English.
that, those
then that day the day before the next day that week... the next week
地点状语 动词
there go
come
this now yesterday tomorrow this week
that
these
those
What did he say? He said he___________________________. went to beach every Sunday
I go to beach every Sunday.
What did she say? She said she_________________________. would call me tomorrow
I will call you tomorrow.
“What are you doing?”
She asked me
what
I was doing.
“Why do you like English?”
He asked me
why
I liked English
“Where does he live?”
She said to me , She told me that 引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 “ They want to That they wanted help him” help him 称不变
直接引语时态
间接引语时态
一般现在时 现在进行时
一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变
Direct speech 直接引语 Reported speech 间接引语.
直接引述别人的 话，要加引号
用自己的话转述 别人的话，不用 引号
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一.原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括 号内,这叫直接引语; 二. 用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引 语.
１）人称的变化 一随主，二随宾，三不变
Summary(总结)
When do you have math? ( They asked him )
1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语
you have math
They asked him when
you have math. he had
They asked him when he had math.
He says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” → He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher. He asked me, "Do you like playing football?“ → He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?” →My sister asked me what my friend was. Jack asked me, "How do you like the film?" →Jack asked me how I liked the film. The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” → The solider ordered us to be quiet. He said to her,“Open the door, please.” →He asked her to open the door. She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.” →She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month. He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” →He often tells me that he will tell me about them.
She asked me
where
he lived.
“How does she go to school?”
She asked me
how
She went to school.
“Do you know my name?”
She asked me
是否 Whether / if
I knew her name.