雅思读写(一)模拟测试
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)
雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一(1篇)雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析一 1New evidence has linked a monly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours，including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences，including sleepwalking，amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders，they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem，sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox，is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug，made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis，were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the re port.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency，meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries，including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case，a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after takingzolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain e less active during deep sleep，the body can still move，making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects，including hallucinations，sleepwalking and nightmares，are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug panies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection，a US networkthat advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that e out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sle ep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange side effects，points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School，director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence，Rhode Island，US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications，zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food Drug Administration says it is continuing to “actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possi ble rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann，adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the safety profile [of zo lpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The woman’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the otherside of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia?A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem?A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares，hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem waswell established?A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain?11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients?12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups?13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects? Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning：Zolpidem，sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox，is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking z olpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”。
雅思模拟测试题1答案
雅思模拟测试题1答案听力部分答案：Section 11. B) 12th March2. C) 2:30 pm3. A) library4. B) book a meeting room5. A) bring a laptop6. C) 10 people7. B) free of charge8. A) ask for a receipt9. C) check the equipment10. B) contact the staffSection 211. A) 9:00 am12. C) 3:00 pm13. B) 5:00 pm14. A) 7:30 pm15. C) 9:00 pm16. B) 10:00 pm17. A) 11:00 pm18. C) midnight19. B) 1:00 am20. A) 2:00 amSection 321. C) both are interested in the topic22. A) the professor's expertise23. B) the student's project24. A) the professor's office25. B) the student's dorm26. A) the professor's suggestion27. C) the student's notes28. B) the professor's book29. A) the student's questions30. C) the professor's experienceSection 431. A) the history of the building32. C) the materials used33. B) the architect's name34. A) the building's purpose35. C) the construction date36. B) the building's style37. A) the building's current use38. C) the building's restoration39. B) the building's interior design40. A) the building's exterior features 阅读部分答案：Passage 141. TRUE42. FALSE43. TRUE44. NOT GIVEN45. TRUE46. B) the benefits of the program47. A) the program's history48. D) the program's goals49. C) the program's participants50. A) the program's impactPassage 251. FALSE52. TRUE53. NOT GIVEN54. FALSE55. TRUE56. D) the importance of the subject57. B) the author's perspective58. A) the subject's complexity59. C) the subject's relevance60. E) the subject's futurePassage 361. TRUE62. FALSE63. NOT GIVEN64. TRUE65. TRUE66. A) the challenges faced67. B) the solutions proposed68. C) the research conducted69. D) the results achieved70. E) the implications discussed写作部分答案：Task 1- 描述图表中的趋势和特点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 清晰地组织信息Task 2- 明确表达观点- 使用论据支持观点- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构- 逻辑清晰地组织文章口语部分答案：Part 1- 介绍个人信息- 描述日常生活- 表达个人兴趣Part 2- 描述一个重要的事件或经历- 使用细节丰富叙述- 表达个人感受和看法Part 3- 讨论相关话题- 提供深入的观点和论据- 展示语言的灵活性和深度请注意，以上答案仅为模拟测试题的答案示例，实际雅思考试的答案可能会有所不同。
雅思模拟试题1-阅读
Academic ReadingALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.The test is divided as follows:Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 13Reading Passage 2 Questions 14 to 27Reading Passage 3 Questions 28 to 40Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one. You can return to it later.TLME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTESNUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Questions 1-5Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of headings below. Write the correct number (i-x) in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.Example Paragraph A Answer iv1 Paragraph B2 Paragraph C3 Paragraph D4 Paragraph EExample Paragraph F Answer ii5 Paragraph GSpace travel AND healthASpace biomedicine is a relatively new area of research both in the USA and in Europe. Its main objectives are to study the effects of space travel on the human body, identifying the most critical medical problems and finding solutions to those problems. Space biomedicine centres are receiving increasing direct support from NASA and/or the European Space Agency (ESA).BThis involvement of NASA and the ESA reflects growing concern that the feasibility of travel to other planets, and beyond, is no longer limited by engineering constraints but by what the human body can actually withstand. The discovery of ice on Mars, for instance, means that there is now no necessity to design and develop a spacecraft large and powerful enough to transport the vast amounts of water needed to sustain the crew throughout journeys that may last many years. Without the necessary protection and medical treatment, however, their bodies would be devastated by the unremittingly hostile environment of space.CThe most obvious physical changes undergone by people in zero gravity are essentially harmless; in some cases they are even amusing. The blood and other fluids are no longer dragged down towards the feet by the gravity of Earth, so they accumulate higher up in the body, creating what is sometimes called ‘fat face’,together with the contrasting ‘chicken legs’ syndrome as the lower limbs become thinner.DMuch more serious are the unseen consequences after months or years in space. With no gravity, there is less need for a sturdy skeleton to support the body, with the result that the bones weaken, releasing calcium into the bloodstream. This extra calcium can overload the kidneys, leading ultimately to renal failure. Muscles too lose strength through lack of use. The heart becomes smaller, losing the power to pump oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, while the lungs lose the capacity to breathe fully. The digestive system becomes less efficient, a weakened immune system is increasingly unable to prevent diseases and the high levels of solar and cosmic radiation can cause various forms of cancer.ETo make matters worse, a wide range of medical difficulties can arise in the case of an accident or serious illness when the patient is millions of kilometres from Earth. There is simply not enough room available inside a space vehicle to include all the equipment from a hospital’s casualty unit, some of which would not work properly in space anyway. Even basic things such as a drip depend on gravity to function, while standard resuscitation techniques become ineffective if sufficient weight cannot be applied. The only solution seems to be to create extremely small medical tools and ‘smart’ devices that can, for example, diagnose and treat internal injuries using ultrasound. The cost of designing and producing this kind of equipment is bound to be, well, astronomical.FSuch considerations have led some to question the ethics of investing huge sums of money to help a handful of people who, after all, are willingly risking their own health in outer space, when so much needs to be done a lot closer to home. It is now clear, however, that every problem of space travel has a parallel problem on Earth that will benefit from the knowledgegained and the skills developed from space biomedical research. For instance, the very difficulty of treating astronauts in space has led to rapid progress in the field of telemedicine, which in turn has brought about developments that enable surgeons to communicate with patients in inaccessible parts of the world. To take another example, systems invented to sterilize waste water on board spacecraft could be used by emergency teams to filter contaminated water at the scene of natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. In the same way, miniature monitoring equipment, developed to save weight in space capsules, will eventually become tiny monitors that patients on Earth can wear without discomfort wherever they go.GNevertheless, there is still one major obstacle to carrying out studies into the effects of space travel: how to do so without going to the enormous expense of actually working in space. To simulate conditions in zero gravity, one tried and tested method is to work under water, but the space biomedicine centres are also looking at other ideas. In one experiment, researchers study the weakening of bones that results from prolonged inactivity. This would involve volunteers staying in bed for three months, but the centre concerned is confident there should be no great difficulty in finding people willing to spend twelve weeks lying down. All in the name of science, of course.Questions 6 and 7Answer the question below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.6 Where, apart from Earth, can space travellers find water ........................7 What happens to human legs during space travel ..........................Questions 8-12Do the following statements agree with the writer’s views in Reading Passage 1In boxes 8-12 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with tile views of the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage8 The obstacles to going far into space are now medical, not technological.9 Astronauts cannot survive more than two years in space.10 It is morally wrong to spend so much money on space biomedicine.11 Some kinds of surgery are more successful when performed in space.12 Space biomedical research can only be done in space.Questions 13 and 14Complete the table belowChoose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 13 and 14 on your answer sheet.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2.Cannes. Monte Carlo. St Tropez. Magic names all. And much of the enchantment comes from the deep blue water that laps their shores. But what if somebody pulled the plug Suppose the Mediterranean Sea were to vanish, leaving behind an expanse of salt desert the size of India. Hard to imagine It happened.‘It would have looked like Death Valley,’ says Bill Ryan, from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York, one of the leaders of the team that discovered the Mediterranean had once dried up, then refilled in a deluge of Biblical proportions. Between five and six million years ago, the great desiccation touched off what scientists call me Messinian Salinity Crisis-a global chemical imbalance that triggered a wrenching series of extinctions and plunged the Earth into an ice age.The first indications of some extraordinary past events came in the 1960s, when geologists 20 discovered that major rivers flowing into the Mediterranean had eroded deep canyons in the rock at the bottom of the sea. River erosion of bedrock cannot occur below sea level, yet somehow the River Rhone in the South of France had managed to create a channel 1000 metres deep in the sea floor, while the Nile had cut nearly 1500 metres into the rock off the North African coast. There was more: despite thefact that the formation of caves can only take place above water, scientists 30 discovered a whole network beneath the island of Malta that reached an astonishing depth of 2000 metres below sea level.Further evidence came to light in 1970, when an international team chugged across the Mediterranean in a drilling ship to study the sea floor near the Spanish island of Majorca. Strange things started turning up in core samples: layers of microscopic plants and soil sandwiched between beds of salt more than two kilometres below today’s sea level. The plants had grown in sunlight. Also discovered inside the rock were fossilized shallow-water shellfish, together with salt and silt: particles of sand and mud that had once been carried by river water. Could the sea floor once have been near a shorelineThat question led Ryan and his fellow team leader, Kenneth Hsǖ, to piece together a staggering chain of events. About million years ago, they concluded, the Mediterranean was gradually cut off from the Atlantic Ocean when continental drift pinned Morocco against Spain. As the opening became both narrower and shallower, the deep outward flow from sea to ocean was progressively cut off, leaving only the shallow inward flow of ocean water into the Mediterranean. As this water evaporated, the sea became more saline and creatures that couldn’t handle the rising salt content perished. ‘The sea’s interior was dead as a door nail, except for bacteria,’ says Ryan. When the shallow opening at G ibraltar finally closed completely, the Mediterranean, with only rivers to feed it, dried up and died.Meanwhile, the evaporated water was falling back to Earth as rain. When the fresh water reached the oceans, it made them less saline. With less salt in it to act as an antifreeze, parts of the ocean that would not normally freeze began to turn to ice. ‘The ice reflects sunlight into space,’ says Ryan. 'The planet cools. You drive yourself into an iceage.’Eventually, a small breach in the Gibraltar dam sent the process into reverse. Ocean water cut a tiny channel to the Mediterranean. As the gap enlarged, the water flowed faster and faster, until the torrent ripped through the emerging Straits of Gibraltar at more than 100 knots. ‘The Gibraltar Falls were 100 times bigger than Victoria Falls and a thousand times grander than Niagara,’ Hsǖwrote in his book The Mediterranean was a Desert (Princeton University Press, 1983).In the end the rising waters of the vast inland sea drowned the falls and warm water began to escape to the Atlantic, reheating the oceans and the planet. The salinity crisis ended about million years ago. It had lasted roughly 400,000 years.Subsequent drilling expeditions have added a few wrinkles to Ryan and Hsǖ’s scenario. For example, researchers have found salt deposits more than two kilometres thick - so thick, some believe, that the Mediterranean must have dried up and refilled many times. But those are just geological details. For tourists the crucial question is, could it happen again Should Malaga start stockpiling dynamiteNot yet, says Ryan. If continental drift does reseal the Mediterranean, it won’t be for several million years. ‘Some future creatures may face the issue of how to respond to nature’s closure. It’s not something our species has to worry about.’Questions 15-19Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.The 1960s discovery of 15.......................... in the bedrock of the Mediterranean, as well as deep caves beneath Malta, suggested somethingstrange had happened in the region, as these features must have been formed16 ......................... sea level. Subsequent examination of the17.......................... off Majorca provided more proof. Rock samples from 2000 metres down contained both vegetation and 18.......................... that could not have lived in deep water, as well as 19.......................... originally transported by river.Questions 20-22Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20 The extra ice did not absorb the heat from the sun, so...21 The speed of the water from the Atlantic increased as...22 The Earth and its oceans became warmer when...Questions 23-27Choose the appropriate letters A, B, C or D and write them in boxes 23-27 on your answer sheet.23 What, according to Ryan and Hsǖ, happened about million years agoA Movement of the continents suddenly closed the Straits of Gibraltar.B The water level of the Atlantic Ocean gradually fell.C The flow of water into the Mediterranean was immediately cut off.D Water stopped flowing from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.24 Why did most of the animal and plant life in the Mediterranean dieA The water became too salty.B There was such a lot of bacteria in the water.C The rivers did not provide salt water.D The sea became a desert.25 According to the text, the events at Gibraltar led toA a permanent cooling of the Earth.B the beginning and the end of an ice age.C the formation of waterfalls elsewhere in the world.D a lack of salt in the oceans that continues to this day.26 More recent studies show thatA Ryan and Hsǖ’s theory was correct in every detail.B the Mediterranean was never cut off from the Atlantic.C it may have been cut off more than once.D it might once have been a freshwater lake.27 At the end of the article, Ryan suggests thatA the Mediterranean will never dry up again.B humans will have the technology to prevent it drying up again.C the Mediterranean is certain to dry up again one day.D humans will never see the Mediterranean dry up.Reading Passage 3onAGenetic studies show that dogs evolved from wolves and remain as similar to the creatures from which they came as humans with different physical characteristics are to each other, which is. to say not much different at all, ‘Even in the most changeable mitochondrial DNA markers - DNA handed down on the mother’s side- dogs and wolves differ by not’ m uch more than one per cent’ says Robert Wayne, a geneticist at the University of California at Los Angeles.BWolf-like species go back one to two million years, says Wayne, whose genetic work suggests dogs of some sort began breaking away about 100,000 years ago. Wolf and early human fossils have been found close together from as far back as 400,000 years ago, but dog and human fossils date back only about 14,000 years, all of which puts wolves and/or dogs in the company of man or his progenitor’s before the development of farming and permanent human settlements, at a time when both species survived on what they could scratch out hunting or scavenging.CWhy would these competitors cooperate The answer probably lies in the similar social structure and size of wolf packs and early human clans, the compatibility of their hunting objectives and range, and the willingness of humans to accept into camp the most suppliant wolves, the young or less threatening ones.DCertain wolves or protodogs may have worked their way close to the fire ring after smelling something good to eat, then into early human gatherings by proving helpful or unthreatening. As wandering packs of twenty- five or thirty wolves and clans of like- numbered nomadic humans roamed the landscape in tandem, hunting big game, the animals hung around campsites scavenging leftovers, and the humans might have used the wolves’ superior scenting ability and speed to locate and track prospective kills. At night, wolves with their keen senses could warn humans of danger approaching.ETimes might not have been as hard back then as is commonly thought, in many instances food would have been plentiful, predators few, and the boundaries between humans and wildlife porous. Through those pores slipped smaller or less threatening wolves, which from living in packs where alpha bosses reigned would know the tricks of subservience and could adapt to humans in charge. Puppies in particular would be hard to resist, as they are today. Thus was a union born and a process of domestication begun.FOver the millennia, admission of certain wolves and protodogs into human camps and exclusion of larger, more threatening ones led to the development of people-friendly breeds distinguishable from wolves by size, shape, coat, cars and markings. Dogs were generally smaller than wolves, their snouts proportionally reduced. They would assist in the hunt clean up camp by eating garbage, warn of danger, keep humans warm, and serve as food. Native Americans among others ate puppies, and in some societies it remains accepted practice.GBy the fourth millennium BC Egyptian rock and pottery drawings show dogs being put to work by men. Then, as now, the relationship was not without drawbacks. Feral dogs roamed city streets, stealing food from people returning from market. Despite their penchant for misbehaviour, and sometimes because of it, dogs keep turning up at all the important junctures in human history.HIn ancient Greece, 350 years before Christ, Aristotle described three types of domesticated dogs, including speedy Laconians used by the rich to chase and kill rabbits and deer. Three hundred years later, Roman warriors trained large dogs for battle. The brutes could knock an armed man from his horse and dismember him.IIn seventeenth-century England, dogs still worked, pulling carts, sleds, and ploughs, herding livestock, or working as turn-spits, powering wheels that turned beef and venison over open fires. But Working dogs were not much loved and were usually hanged or drowned when they got old. ‘Unnecessary’ dogs meanwhile gained status among English royalty. King James I was said to love his dogs more than his subjects. Charles Ⅱ was famous for playing with his dog at Council table, and his brother James had dogs at sea in 1682 when his ship was caught in a storm. As sailors drowned, he allegedly cried out, ‘Save the dogs and Colonel Churchill!’JBy the late nineteenth century the passion for breeding led to the creation of private registries to protect prized bloodlines. The Kennel Club was formed in England in 1873, and eleven years later the American Kennel Club (AKC) was formed across the Atlantic. Today the AKC registers 150 breeds, the Kennel Club lists 196, and the Europe-based Fédération Cynologique Internationale recognizes many more. Dog shows sprouted in the mid- 1800swhen unnecessary dogs began vastly to outnumber working ones, as they do to this day. Unless, that is, you count companionship as a job.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has ten paragraphs labelled A-J.Write the correct letters A-J in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Which paragraph explains how dogs became different in appearance from wolves29 Which paragraph describes the classification of dogs into many different types30 Which paragraph states the basic similarity between wolves and dogs31 Which paragraph gives examples of greater human concern for animals than for peopleQuestions 32-35Which FOUR of the following statements are made in the textChoose FOUR letters from A-H and write them in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.A In a typical camp there were many more wolves than humans.B Neither the wolves nor the humans lived in one place for long.C Some wolves learned to obey human leaders.D Humans chose the most dangerous wolves to help them hunt.E There was very little for early humans to eat.F Wolves got food from early humans.G Wolves started living with humans when agriculture began.H Early humans especially liked very young wolves.Questions 36-40Write the correct letters A-F in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet. NB You may use any letter more than once.36 in war37 as a source of energy38 as food39 to hunt other animals40 to work with farm animals。
雅思模拟测试题及答案
雅思模拟测试题及答案一、听力部分1. 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。
A. 去图书馆B. 去电影院C. 去超市D. 去公园[答案] B2. 根据所听短文，回答以下问题：Q: 演讲者提到了哪些地方的旅游胜地？A. 巴黎B. 纽约C. 伦敦D. 悉尼[答案] C二、阅读部分1. 阅读以下段落，判断以下陈述是否正确。
陈述一：文中提到了三种不同的学习方法。
陈述二：作者认为自学是最有效的学习方式。
[答案] 陈述一：正确；陈述二：错误。
2. 根据文章内容，选择最佳标题。
A. 学习方法的比较B. 学习环境的重要性C. 学习工具的选择D. 学习时间的管理[答案] A三、写作部分1. 请根据以下图表，写一篇不少于150字的报告，描述该地区的人口变化趋势。
[范文]根据图表显示，该地区在过去十年中经历了显著的人口增长。
2005年，人口数量为500,000，而到了2015年，人口数量增长至750,000。
这种增长趋势反映了该地区经济的快速发展和生活条件的改善。
预计未来几年，人口数量将继续增长。
2. 请针对以下问题写一篇议论文，阐述你的观点。
问题：是否应该在城市中禁止使用私家车？[范文]私家车在城市中的使用带来了诸多问题，如交通拥堵和环境污染。
然而，私家车也为人们的出行提供了便利。
我认为，应该通过提高公共交通的效率和鼓励使用环保车辆来逐步减少私家车的使用，而不是立即禁止。
四、口语部分1. 描述你最喜欢的一项运动，并解释为什么喜欢它。
[答案]我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
我喜欢游泳，因为它是一项全身运动，可以锻炼身体的各个部位。
此外，游泳还能帮助我放松心情，减轻压力。
2. 讨论一下你如何看待社交媒体对青少年的影响。
[答案]社交媒体对青少年有着复杂的影响。
一方面，它为青少年提供了与朋友交流和获取信息的平台。
另一方面，过度使用社交媒体可能导致青少年沉迷于虚拟世界，影响他们的学习和社交能力。
因此，家长和学校应该引导青少年合理使用社交媒体。
雅思模拟考试题及答案
雅思模拟考试题及答案一、听力部分1. 根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。
A. 火车将在10分钟后到达。
B. 火车已经晚点了20分钟。
C. 火车将在30分钟后出发。
答案：B2. 根据所听对话，选择正确的答案。
A. 男士建议女士去看医生。
B. 女士建议男士去看医生。
C. 两人都同意去看医生。
答案：A二、阅读部分Passage 1阅读以下短文，并回答以下问题。
The history of the bicycle can be traced back to the early 19th century, when it was first invented as a means of transportation. Over the years, the bicycle has evolved from a simple wooden frame to a complex machine with gears and brakes.3. 根据短文，自行车的历史可以追溯到哪个世纪？A. 18th centuryB. 19th centuryC. 20th century答案：B4. 短文中提到自行车最初是由什么制成的？A. 金属B. 木头C. 塑料答案：BPassage 2阅读以下短文，并回答以下问题。
Many people believe that the internet has changed the way we communicate. With the advent of social media, people can now share their thoughts and experiences with others instantly.5. 根据短文，互联网改变了什么？A. 我们的工作方式B. 我们的沟通方式C. 我们的学习方式答案：B6. 短文中提到的社交媒体允许人们做什么？A. 立即分享他们的想法和经历B. 与朋友面对面交流C. 通过邮件发送信息答案：A三、写作部分Task 1根据所给图表，描述以下趋势。
雅思(阅读)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
雅思（阅读）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. In Praise of Amateurs Despite the specialisation of scientific research, amateurs still have an important role to play During the scientific revolution of the 17th century, scientists were largely men of private means who pursued their interest in natural philosophy for their own edification. Only in the past century or two has it become possible to make a living from investigating the workings of nature.Modem science was, in other words, built on the work of amateurs. Today, science is an increasingly specialised and compartmentalised subject, the domain of experts who know more and more about less and less. Perhaps surprisingly, however, amateurs - even those without private means - are still important. A recent poll carried out at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science by astronomer Dr Richard Fienberg found that, in addition to his field of astronomy, amateurs are actively involved in such fields as acoustics, horticulture, ornithology, meteorology, hydrology and palaeontology. Far from being crackpots, amateur scientists are often in close touch with professionals, some of whom rely heavily on their co-operation. Admittedly, some fields are more open to amateurs than others. Anything that requires expensive equipment is clearly a no-go area. And some kinds of research can be dangerous; most amateur chemists, jokes Dr Fienberg, are either locked up or have blown themselves to bits. But amateurs can make valuable contributions in fields from rocketry to palaeontology and the rise of the Internet has made it easier than ever before to collect data and distribute results. Exactly which field of study has benefited most from the contributions of amateurs is a matter of some dispute. Dr Fienberg makes a strong case for astronomy. There is, he points out, a long tradition of collaboration between amateur and professional sky watchers. Numerous comets, asteroids and even the planet Uranus were discovered by amateurs. Today, in addition to comet and asteroid spotting, amateurs continue to do valuable work observing the brightness of variable stars and detecting novae - ‘new’stars in the Milky Way and supernovae in other galaxies. Amateur observers are helpful, says Dr Fienberg, because there are so many of them (they far outnumber professionals) and because they are distributed all over the world. This makes special kinds of observations possible: if several observers around the world accurately record the time when a star is eclipsed by an asteroid, for example, it is possible to derive useful information about the asteroid’s shape. Another field in which amateurs have traditionally played an important role is palaeontology. Adrian Hunt, a palaeontologist at Mesa Technical College in New Mexico, insists that his is the field in which amateurs have made the biggest contribution. Despite the development of high-tech equipment, he says, the bestsensors for finding fossils are human eyes - lots of them.Finding volunteers to look for fossils is not difficult, he says, because of the near-universal interest in anything to do with dinosaurs. As well as helping with this research, volunteers learn about science, a process he calls ‘recreational education’. Rick Bonney of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology in Ithaca, New York, contends that amateurs have contributed the most in his field. There are, he notes, thought to be as many as 60 million birdwatchers in America alone. Given their huge numbers and the wide geographical coverage they provide, Mr Bonney has enlisted thousands of amateurs in a number of research projects. Over the past few years their observations have uncovered previously unknown trends and cycles in birdmigrations and revealed declines in the breeding populations of several species of migratory birds, prompting a habitat conservation programme. Despite the successes and whatever the field of study, collaboration between amateurs and professionals is not without its difficulties. Not everyone, for example is happy with the term ‘amateur’. Mr Bonney has coined the term ‘citizen scientist’because he felt that other words, such as ‘volunteer’sounded disparaging. A more serious problem is the question of how professionals can best acknowledge the contributions made by amateurs. Dr Fienberg says that some amateur astronomers are happy to provide their observations but grumble about not being reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. Others feel let down when their observations are used in scientific papers, but they are not listed as co-authors. Dr Hunt says some amateur palaeontologists are disappointed when told that they cannot take finds home with them. These are legitimate concerns but none seems insurmountable. Provided amateurs and professionals agree the terms on which they will work together beforehand, there is no reason why co-operation between the two groups should not flourish. Last year Dr S. Carlson, founder of the Society for Amateur Scientists won an award worth ＄290,000 for his work in promoting such co-operation. He says that one of the main benefits of the prize is the endorsement it has given to the contributions of amateur scientists, which has done much to silence critics among those professionals who believe science should remain their exclusive preserve. At the moment, says Dr Carlson, the society is involved in several schemes including an innovative rocket-design project and the setting up of a network of observers who will search for evidence of a link between low-frequency radiation and earthquakes. The amateurs, he says, provide enthusiasm and talent, while the professionals provide guidance ‘so that anything they do discover will be taken seriously’. Having laid the foundations of science, amateurs will have much to contribute to its ever-expanding edifice.Questions 1-8Complete the summary below. Choose ONE or TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.Summary Prior to the 19th century, professional 【1】______did not exist and scientific research was largely carried out by amateurs. However, while 【2】______today is mostly the domain of professionals, a recent US survey highlighted the fact that amateurs play an important role in at least seven 【3】______and indeed many professionals are reliant on their 【4】______ In areas such as astronomy, amateurs can be invaluable when makingspecific 【5】______on a global basis. Similarly in the area of palaeontology their involvement is invaluable and helpers are easy to recruit because of the popularity of 【6】______ Amateur birdwatchers also play an active role and their work has led to the establishment of a 【7】______Occasionally the term ‘amateur’has been the source of disagreement and alternative names have been suggested but generally speaking, as long as the professional scientists 【8】______the work of the non-professionals, the two groups can work productively together.1．【1】正确答案：scientists解析：Para 1: ... scientists were largely men of private means who pursued theft interest in natural philosophy for their own edification. Only in the past century or two has it become possible to make a living from investigating the workings of nature.*2．【2】正确答案：science解析：Para 1: Today, science is an increasingly specialised and compartmentalised subject, the domain of experts...*3．【3】正确答案：fields解析：Para 2: ... amateurs are actively involved in such fields as acoustics ...*4．【4】正确答案：co-operation/ collaboration解析：Para 2: ... some of whom rely heavily on their co-operation.Para 4: ... a long tradition of collaboration between amateur and professional sky watchers.*5．【5】正确答案：observations解析：Para 4: This makes special kinds of observations possible. The paragraph also refers to valuable work observing and amateur observers.*6．【6】正确答案：dinosaurs解析：Para 5: ... because of the near- universal interest in anything to do with dinosaurs.*7．【7】正确答案：conservation programme解析：Para 6: Over the past few years their observations have uncovered previously unknown trends and cycles ... prompting a habitat conservation programme.*8．【8】正确答案：acknowledge解析：Para 7: A more serious problem is the question of how professionals can best acknowledge ...Questions 9-13Reading Passage 1 contains a number of opinions provided by four different scientists.Match each opinion (Questions 9-13) with the scientists A-D.NB You may use any of the scientists A-D more than once.9．Amateur involvement can also be an instructive pastime.A．Dr FienbergB．Adrian HuntC．Rick BonneyD．Dr Carlson正确答案：B解析：迅速浏览文章，找出第一个科学家的姓名。
雅思模拟试题及答案
雅思模拟试题及答案一、听力部分1. What is the man going to do next?A. Buy a giftB. Go to the libraryC. Visit a friend2. How much will the woman pay for the ticket?A. $10B. $20C. $303. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. ColleaguesB. FriendsC. Family members4. Why is the man worried?A. He has lost his wallet.B. He is late for work.C. He has missed his flight.5. What does the woman suggest doing?A. Going to a restaurantB. Cooking at homeC. Ordering takeout二、阅读部分Passage 1Questions 6-10What is the main idea of the passage?6. The importance of sleep.7. The impact of technology on sleep.8. The benefits of exercise.9. The role of diet in health.10. The effects of stress on the body.Passage 2Questions 11-15What is the author's opinion on the new policy?11. It is necessary and effective.12. It is unnecessary and harmful.13. It is too early to tell.14. It is a good start but needs improvement.15. It is not relevant to the issue.Passage 3Questions 16-20What does the study suggest about the future of the industry?16. It will decline rapidly.17. It will grow steadily.18. It will remain stable.19. It will experience fluctuations.20. It will be replaced by another industry.三、写作部分Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the percentage of water usage in agriculture, industry, and domestic purposes in a certain country from 2000 to 2020.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Task 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Some people think that the government should decide the subject for students to study at university. Others believe that students should be free to choose whatever subjects they wish. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.四、口语部分Part 1Questions 21-2521. What kind of music do you like?22. Do you prefer to watch movies at home or in a cinema?23. How often do you go shopping?24. Do you like to cook? Why or why not?25. What do you usually do in your free time?Part 2Cue CardDescribe a place you visited that was particularly memorable. You should say:- Where it was- When you went there- What you did there- And explain why it was memorable.Part 3Questions 26-3026. What are the benefits of traveling?27. Do you think traveling is expensive?28. What are some popular tourist destinations in your country?29. How do people plan their vacations?30. What are some common problems people face while traveling?听力部分答案1. C2. B3. A4. A5. B阅读部分答案Passage 16. A7. B8. C9. D10. EPassage 211. C12. D13. E14. F15. GPassage 316. H17. I18. J19. K20. L写作部分答案Task 1- Agriculture accounted for the largest percentage of water usage.- Industry saw a steady decline in water usage.- Domestic water usage increased slightly over the period.Task 2- Some argue that the government should determine university subjects.- Others believe students should have the freedom to choose. - In my opinion, a balance between guidance and choice is necessary.口语部分答案Part 1- Answers will vary based on individual preferences and experiences.Part 2- Describes a memorable place visited.- Provides details about the location, time, activities, and reasons for its memorability.Part 3- Discusses the benefits and costs of traveling.- Discusses popular destinations and planning methods.- Addresses common problems faced by travelers.。
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（1）
雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（1）雅思考试模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1~10/共10题)SECTION 1Play00:00…Volume第1题Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. APPLICATION FORMYears of Membership: SevenType of I.D.: 1I.D. No.: 2Family Name: BlackOther Names: Gavin RaymondD.O.B.: 22/01/1973I.D. Expiry Date: 3Address: 4MeadowbankClass of Vehicle: 5Endorsements: NoneConvictions: 6 (1993)第2题第3题第4题第5题第6题第7题Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBERfor each answer. Membership Level Benefits7 Bronze Silver GoldStandardCare —5% discount 7.5% discount 50% discount off8Insurance —$10 off fee $20 off fee Free9PersonalLoans 0.25%reduction* 0.5%reduction* 10reduction* 1.25%reduction**on applicable rate第8题第9题第10题下一题(11~20/共10题)SECTION 2Play00:00…Volume第11题Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Diners can eat inside the restaurant or in the ______.第12题Visitors can put on their swim suits and play in the ______.第13题The Cottage houses a museum, cinema room and ______.第14题The Garden Nursery is the place to buy plants, pots, garden sculptures and ornaments including ______.第15题The Wood Crafting Shed is a great place to buy wooden products, especially ______ for the children.第16题The avocado fruit that is grown at Summerland is picked by ______.第17题Label the plan below.Choose your answers from the box below and write the letters A-H next to questions 17-20.图片A. Avocado Packing ShedB. Car ParkC. Carton Manufacturing ShedD. Cool RoomE. Gift ShopF. Garden ShopG. Macadamia De-husking ShedH. Museum第18题第19题第20题上一题下一题(21~30/共10题)SECTION 3Play00:00…Volume第21题Complete the summary below.Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-N next to questions 21-26.A wetland is an area where the soil is typically water-logged. Plants and animals living there depend on the wetness for their 1 . Draining swamps is a widespread occurrence which kills off wildlife and, consequently, wetlands are 2 worldwide. It is a feature of wetlands thatconditions vary according to 3 . Water-tolerant plants grow both in and out of the water and water levels are usually 4 . Wetlands naturally occur between land and water and become 5 for various wildlife during very dry periods. They also act as nurseries for different kinds of animal life. Wetlands are known to upgrade 6 by removing pollutants.A. water qualityB. seasonal changeC. saturated soilD. safe placesE. quite lowF. quite highG. nutrientsH. nurseriesI. international recognitionJ. farming activityK. extinctL. continued existenceM. commercial developmentN. at risk第22题第23题第24题第25题第26题第27题Complete the diagram below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.图片第28题第29题第30题上一题下一题(31~40/共10题)SECTION 4Play00:00…Volume第31题Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Someone in an anxiety state has worse ______ than normal.第32题A phobia may stem from heredity or ______.第33题The reason for the final breakdown is generally linked with ______ like the loss of a loved one or a health crisis.第34题Match the phobic state in the box to the symptoms below.Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-D next to questions 34-40.Phobic statesA. Single phobiaB. AgoraphobiaC. ClaustrophobiaD. Social phobiaThe sufferer:Feels extremely shy in company第35题Likes to sleep with the lights on第36题Fears leaving the house第37题Gets sweaty hands第38题Fears a particular creature第39题Fears small spaces第40题Has difficulty speaking in front of other people上一题下一题(41~53/共13题)PASSAGE 1HYBRID SOLAR LIGHTING—Light the Interiors of Buildings with Sunlight!Hybrid solar lighting is a system that captures sunlight on a roof top and uses optical fibres to channel it directly into a building. The only power needed to operate it is a 9-volt battery and the energy cost reduction, worker productivity and health benefits are immense.It was originally developed by the US Department of Energy at its Oak Ridge National Laboratory and licensed to a company called Sunlight Direct. It has already been installed in a large number and a wide range of buildings in the USA including higher education institutions, museums, department stores and other specialty stores. Initial reports declare that retail sales increase by as much as 40% when the switch is made from fluorescent lighting to hybrid solar. Furthermore, there is a majorimprovement in the attention spans and academic attainment of undergraduates in classrooms or lecture theatres lit by hybrid solar. It is to be hoped that the technology can soon be made financially feasible for households as well as commercial buildings.It has been suggested that 30% of the electricity used in the USA is just for lighting and, for retailers, the estimate increases to 45%. Obviously, that figure could decrease significantly if sunlight could be brought inside. Hybrid solar lighting is predicted not only to save millions of dollars in energy costs but it is attractive for its quality which is almost identical to daylight.A solar collector consisting of a 1.2 metre parabolic primary mirror concentrates the light toward a secondary mirror which has a special multi-layer coating that reflects only the visible wavelengths which effectively strips off the ultra-violet and infra-red wavelengths from the reflected light. This is important to reduce heat in the fibre optics which would otherwise melt.The visible light is focused from the secondary mirror towards a receiver module where it is homogenized to guarantee uniformity before it enters the fibre optic bundle which then passes into the building interior for lighting. The fibres are easily installed and replaced and unlike fluorescent lights that require energy, the hybrid solar system only needs one 9-volt battery %o power the solar tracking system for a week.The solar tracker mechanism consists of two motors that are controlled by a GPS (global positioning system) micro processor situated beneath it. This computes the exact position of the sun (based on the latitude, longitude, date and time) to within point one degree. The light collected shines brightly. Just two of these fibres emit enough light to be equivalent to a 60 Watt light bulband there are 127 of fibres in one bundle. What if it is cloudy or rainy outside? That's where the hybrid comes in. The lighting fixtures combine the sunlight with the artificial light from fluorescent or incandescent lamps to create a hybrid luminaire. A photo sensor in the room monitors the intensity and automatic adjustments are made in order to keep a constant level of illumination.A room lit entirely by fluorescence has an orange glow which is not very natural. If the lighting is changed to 80% solar and 20% fluorescent, it is far more aesthetically appealing. It is estimated that hybrid solar lighting could reduce their energy bill of most retailers by 60%; and retail stores have been some of the first adopters of the new technology because of the health benefits gained from natural lighting. Studies have shown that 20% of workers under artificial light suffer symptoms of depression from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). In addition, retail stores with natural lighting sold 40% more merchandise than stores with artificial light. Research has shown that biological rhythms and circadian rhythms are the secret to having successful and productive employees. Bringing in the natural light helps regulate these biological processes.The technology has made such an impression that other scientists are looking at alternative applications: utilizing the UV light energy for hot water heating, for example. There is one limitation to the technology, however: although the plastic optical fibres are very low cost, they also have very low transmittance and extend for only around 15 metres from the solar collector. This is why currently solar hybrid lighting is primarily focused on the top and main floors of a building.Overall, the potential electricity savings and carbon dioxidereductions are enormous. The units are designed to last twenty years and, as volumes of sales increase, the price should come down considerably. It may be a while before individual households can enjoy hybrid solar lighting but, in the meantime, there is a substantial benefit in that it is making many work and study spaces as natural and comfortable for humans as possible.第41题Complete the summary below with words taken from Reading Passage 1.Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.A hybrid solar lighting system has been developed that uses1 to illuminate buildings. Numerous advantages have been described, such as a boost in2 and increased3 and educational achievement amongst students.第42题第43题第44题Complete the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.图片第45题第46题第47题第48题第49题Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.●127 fibres = 1 bundle●2 fibres = 60 Watt bulb●A 9 measures amount of light& a 10 mixes light from different sources to keep levels constant●Higher % of natural light, more attractive and biologically advantageous—fluorescence contributes to feelings of 11 whereas natural or hybrid light gives rise to more productivity (& the sale of more 12 in shops) because it helps workers (& shoppers) feel good and maintain biological rhythms.●Plastic fibres are cheap but length from the 13 is a limiting factor.第50题第51题第52题第53题上一题下一题(54~66/共13题)PASSAGE 2Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. Uncertain future for academic freedomii. Low pay causes problemsiii. Tough life, worse prospectsiv. A safety net for intellectual risk-takersv. The necessity for economic reformvi. Educational standards declinevii. Adverse effects on health of adjunctsviii. Academic life: perception versus realityix. Exploitation of a stop-gap systemThe Rise of AdjunctsA. Academia is often thought of as an occupation with immense job security. The traditional image is one of a middle-aged professor with his own office, his own car park, and a cosy job with a middle-class salary that remains unaffected by upturns and downturns in the 'real' businesseconomy. But in the United States today only a minority of professors have anything resembling this lifestyle. For the vast majority, the actual conditions of their employment are very different. They scrape by with low pay, short-term contracts and few or no employee benefits. Many even qualify for food stamps. This shift in employment conditions has far-reaching consequences not only for academics, but also for students and the quality of education they receive, and for academic freedom more generally.B. Originally, almost all professors were in full-time positions and employed under a system known as 'life tenure'. Tenure all but guarantees professors a well-paid job until retirement; their position can only be terminated with 'just cause'. Proving just cause is a lengthy, difficult process that happens rarely—only around 50 of 280,000 tenured professors lose their status every year. The purpose of tenure is to provide shelter for researchers who dissent from dominant opinions, disagree with the authorities of universities, donors or political authorities, or choose to research topics that may have social importance but seem unimportant or unnecessary to others. In this way it seeksto keep intellectual pursuits 'pure' rather than at the whim of external interests. Without tenure, professors might prefer uncontroversial research on popular topics, and draw dishonest conclusions in a bid to please authorities and keep their jobs.C. In an era of perpetual cost-cutting and budget-tightening, however, guaranteeing large numbers of academics lifetime employment with related benefits is increasing untenable. The proportion of university teachers with tenure has slid from 75 percent in 1960 to just 27 percent today. Rising in their place are 'professor adjuncts'. Adjuncts are temporary, part-time employees who were initially brought in only occasionally as special guest lecturers or to provide cover for tenured professors on parental or research leave. Adjuncts teach individual classes and have no research or administrative responsibilities, and their contracts typically run for a single semester, after which they might be renewed. Over the last few decades their use has been extended beyond these temporary exigencies, and adjuncts have become a permanent, institutionalised aspect of academic employment.D. This has created several problems for adjunct professors, who are considered by some to make up a growing 'academic underclass'. Firstly, because contracts are always temporary, adjuncts rarely qualify for insurance and health benefits, such as time off with remuneration for illness, in the same way as tenured professors. Secondly, recompense for adjuncts is often very low. In order to make a living from their work, adjuncts typically need to win contracts with multiple universities. As a consequence of this high teaching workload—and the lack of paid research opportunities—adjuncts tend to find it hard to publish articles and win research grants, therefore making promotionincreasingly unlikely with every year that passes (academic promotion is governed by what is known as a 'publish or perish' culture).E. The culture of using adjuncts also has flow-on effects for the quality of teaching that students receive. Because adjuncts come in only for classes, they do not have offices or office hours on campus, and usually do not have the time to meet up with students in small groups or for one-on-one sessions. The disengagement between students and teachers can make it difficult for struggling students to find guidance outside of lectures. Adjuncts are also less 'tied' to the universities they teach at and fail to accumulate reputations over time in the same way as full-time professors. As such, they are not as personally invested in the quality and outcome of their teaching. Finally, it has been reported that many adjuncts practice grade inflation—raising grades higher than deserved—in order to maintain their job security by keeping students pleased.These outcomes are not because adjuncts are malfeasant or incompetent professors, but rather because of the structural pressures this type of work involves—precisely what the tenure system sought to overcome.F. The rising use of adjunct professors also has implications for the research and pedagogical autonomy of teachers. Because adjuncts do not have tenure, they can be fired with the simplest of explanations. Furthermore, administrators who do not want to give any reason at all can choose to simply not renew an adjunct's contract after the semester finishes. As such, there is immense pressure on adjuncts to teach in ways that please those who employ them. While only 50 tenured professors lose their jobs in the USA every year, reports emerge every day about adjunctswho have been fired or not had contracts renewed after disputes with faculty or administrators over course design, teaching, or employment issues. As the pool of growing numbers of adjuncts compete desperately for the shrinking amount of tenure-track positions, intellectual conformity can grow as candidates position themselves as safe, mainstream choices. As theoretical physicist Lee Smolin has written, "...it is practically career suicide for young theoretical physicists not to join the field of string theory..."The rising use of adjunct professors is mainly rooted in a need for cost efficiency in education, but it has more diffuse effects on the wellbeing of academic professionals and students, the quality of the education they receive, and academic freedom in general. Everyone who is concerned about more than the fiscal 'bottom line' needs to follow this trend carefully.第54题Section A第55题Section B第56题Section C第57题Section D第58题Section E第59题Section F第60题Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.What was the motivation behind the tenure system?A.To allow professors to pursue their research without outside influence.B.To prevent academic positions from being used for research that is not useful.C.To discipline professors who make claims that are not true.D.To provide professors with a secure income so that they can focus on research.第61题Which of the following is NOT a feature of adjunct employment?A.Contracts that expire after a limited periodB.Paid sick leaveC.Lecturing responsibilitiesD.Difficulty securing funding for research第62题Why do adjuncts have low prospects for improving their academic position?A.They are unable to receive medical care.B.They do not have enough time for writing articles.C.They work at more than one institution.D.They are under-qualified.第63题Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2.Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.Because adjuncts are paid only to teach, they cannot always provide support for ______.第64题Adjuncts do not have the same bonds with one particular institution as permanent staff do so they do not ______ in the same way.第65题Giving better marks than warranted enhances adjuncts' ______.第66题Adjuncts do not deliver quality education, not because they are bad lecturers but as a result of ______.上一题下一题(67~80/共14题)PASSAGE 3READING WARSA. In many developed countries literacy skills are under siege. This is true even in societies where access to primary education is universal and governments invest heavily in education. New Zealand, for example, was leading the world in literacy rates in 1970, but tumbled to thirteenth place in 2001 and then again to twenty-fourth just a few years later. Test scores in the USA also slumped ten percent during the 1990s despite the country riding an economic boom for much of the decade. In some cases these statistics reverse trends that were in motion for over a century and a haft. The steady, gradual expansion of literacy across social groups and classes was one of the greatest successes of the period of industrialisation that began in the mid-1850s.B. This reversal of fortunes has lead to widespread contention over the pedagogy of teaching literacy. What was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy analysts—rapidly escalated into a series of skirmishes that were played out in high-visibility forums: Newspapers ran special features, columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacycrisis; politicians successfully ran their national campaigns on improving reading test scores; and parents had their say by joining Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs) and lobby groups.C. The arguments around reading pooled into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism and behaviourism. The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic and interpretative practices that suffered when they were spliced and formalised within rigid doctrines, strict rules and universal skill-sets. Constructivists associate words with meanings; each word might be thought of as a Chinese ideogram. Students are encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they do not understand, or learn to interpret those wordsby situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the sentence and the story's wider narrative. These practices materialise as learning processes centred on guided group reading and independent reading of high-quality, culturally diverse literature or textual composition that emphasises pupils conveying their own thoughts and feelings for real purposes such as letters to pen pals or journal entries.D. Behaviourism sees the pedagogical process in a less dialectical fashion—words are initially taught not lexically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-lexically, as a combination of features that can be separated and learnt in a schematic process. The behaviourist approach does not focus on words at all in the early stages of learning. Rather, it is centred on a universally applicable method of teaching students to isolate graphemes and phonemes with the intention that students will eventually learn to synthesise these individual parts and makesense of spoken words textually. In this way, individual components are not equated with the strokes of a brush on a Chinese ideogram, but rather as the focal pieces of interpretation—as in, for example, learning to read musical notations or Morse Code. Because of its emphasis on universal rules, behaviourism is much more conducive to formal examination and the consolidation of results across regions and countries. The ability to master language is considered to rest in the acquisition of a set of skills that exist independently of individuals. Classroom learning is therefore based upon the transmission of knowledge from tutor to student, rather than seen as an internalised process that erupts within the students themselves.E. So who comes out on top? It is not easy to say. Champions of behaviourism have claimed victory because constructivist learning took over in the late 1980s, just before test scores on literacy began sinking across the West. Constructivists, however, can make the valid claim that the behaviourist approach has a heavy methodological bias towards testing and examination, and that test results do not represent the ability of individuals to use and interpret language freely and creatively. Furthermore, different socio-economic groups respond in different ways to each method. Those from wealthier families tend to do well regardless of the method, but thrive on the constructivist approach implemented in the 1990s. Children from poorer families, however, are better served by behaviourism. These outcomes have ramped up levels of socio-economic based educational disparities in educational systems that have pushed the constructivist method.F. It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviourism willbe permanently sidelined from curricula in the near future. Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach. Constructivism may ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who come from families where they are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young age—this process of 'living and learning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle. In a world rife with social inequities, households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of funding for education, however, the behaviourist approach may have the upper hand in teaching children to access the basic skiffs of literacy quickly and efficiently, even if some linguistic creativity is crushed in the process.第67题Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.A reason why constructivism might increase inequalities in society。
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一、单选题（题数：5，共 25.0 分）1
“G’day!”是哪国人的问候方式？
（5.0分）
5.0分
Australians
正确答案：C 我的答案：C
答案解析：
2
下列哪项课外活动属于兼职工作类？（5.0分）
5.0分
正确答案：D 我的答案：D 3
GP的全称是什么？
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案：B 我的答案：A
4
下列物品哪项不属于西式婚礼中新娘的必备之物？
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案：D 我的答案：C
5
下列哪个属于毛利人的问候方式？（5.0分）
5.0分
正确答案：A 我的答案：A
答案解析：
二、多选题（题数：5，共 25.0 分）1
下列握手方式不正确的有哪些？
（5.0分）
2.5分
正确答案：ABCD 我的答案：ACD 答案解析：
2
图书馆的功能区域主要有哪些？
（5.0分）
2.5分
the circulation area
正确答案：ABCD 我的答案：BD
3
对于不喜欢的宠物可以如何表达？
（5.0分）
2.5分
正确答案：ABC 我的答案：AB 4
西方情人节的象征物有哪些？
（5.0分）
2.5分
正确答案：ABCD 我的答案：ABC
5
可以用来描述感冒症状的句子有哪些？
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案：ABC 我的答案：AD
三、判断题（题数：5，共 25.0 分）1
英文名片上地址的写法顺序是从大到小。
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案：×我的答案：√
答案解析：
2
接听电话时第一句话通常说“Hello. Who are you?”
（5.0分）
5.0分
正确答案：×我的答案：×
答案解析：
3
在英国如果虐待宠物是要受到法律制裁的。
（5.0分）
5.0分
正确答案：√我的答案：√
4
在英国人们通常会送昂贵的礼物。
（5.0分）
5.0分
正确答案：×我的答案：×
5
在西式婚礼上宾客可以随意拍照。
（5.0分）
5.0分
正确答案：×我的答案：×
四、简答题（题数：5，共 25.0 分）
1
请用英语介绍一所大学。
（每点1分，共5分。
）（5.0分）
1.0分
正确答案
1. 所在城市
This is __________, home of __________ in __________.
2. 系部组成
The college is made up of __________.
3. 地理位置
__________ is located __________.
4. 历史渊源
__________ was named __________ because __________.
5. 建校时间
The college was founded in __________ by __________.
6. 校园亮点
One of the highlights of the tour of the college is __________.
7. 在校师生
Today, there are __________ students and teachers in the college.
8. 校园近邻
Next to the campus there's a/an __________.
我的答案
The schole is perfect
2
请用英语描述你最好的朋友。
（每点1分，共5分）
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案
1. 年龄
He/She is _______ years old.
2. 身高与身材
He/She is _______meters tall and _______ in height with a _______figure.
3. 头发
His/Her hair is _______（颜色），_______（长度）and _______（发型）.
4. 面部
His/Her skin is_______ .
He/She has _______ lips and wears _______lipstick.
He/She has _______ eyes with _______ eyelashes.
He/She has _______ eyebrows.
He/She has a _______ nose.
He/She is known for his / her _______.
5. 综合评价
He/She is _______.
我的答案
3
用英语介绍你最喜爱的节日。
（每点1分，共5分）
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案
1. 节日名称
______is also known as ________.
2. 庆祝日期
It falls on ________.
3. 节日起源
The origin is a story about _______.
It has traditional customs, such as ______, ______and ________ has traditional foods, such as _____________________.
5. 节日意义
It is a holiday to express ___________. Traditionally, it has been a time to ___________. 我的答案
4
请用英语介绍一个宠物。
（每点1分，共5分。
）
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案
1. 宠物名字
I have a pet _________.
Its/His/Her name is _________.
2. 宠物类型
It/He/She is classified as a/an _________.
3. 宠物食物
It/He/She can eat _________, such as __________________, but_________ is always its/his/ her favorite. So I think it/he/she is a/an _________ animal.
4. 宠物外形及脾性
_________ is (small-sized/medium-sized/large-sized), with _________hair and
_________eyes. It/He/She is very _________.
It/He/She can help me __________________. _________ always accompanies me, so I never feel _________.
6. 养宠代价
I love _________ so much that I spend a lot of time on _________ and a lot of money on _________.
7. 疾病预防
I take preventive measures to _________.
我的答案
5
用英语介绍一种健身方式。
（每题1分，共5分）
（5.0分）
0.0分
正确答案
1. 项目起源
______ originated from ______. It dates back to ______.
2. 项目益处
It can help you ______, ______and ______.
3. 项目分类
In general, there are ______types of ______most popular among people.
They are ______, ______, ______, ______ and ______.
4. 练习要求/ 练习时间
As for the practicing time, you can practice ______. You can practice ______ minutes or ______ hours each time, but ______ is a proper period.
5. 练习地点
You may go to the ______ or just practice it in ______. If you want to ______, just practice it ______.
6. 练习服装
When practicing , you'd better wear ______ clothes and ______ shoes.
我的答案。