中国茶文化在英语语言文学翻译中的体现

中国茶文化在英语语言文学翻译中的体现
中国茶文化在英语语言文学翻译中的体现

2018年第11期作者简介:倪筱(1973-),女,土家族,湖北宜昌人,硕士,讲师,研究方向:翻译理论与实践。

收稿日期:2018年6月27日。

茶起源于中国,在漫长的历史发展长河中,茶已不单单是一种饮品,

更是一种文化的象征,其超凡脱俗、淡泊名利的深厚文化内涵,深受文人墨客的喜欢,因此,茶日渐成为不少文学作品中的“常客”,而这种现象随着新航路的开辟,也出现在了英语语言文学中。值得一提的是,在英语语言文学中,中国茶文化对英美文学的影响最为深远,尤其是我们在拜读英美文学名著时,经常看到有与茶相关的描述和介绍。由于中西方的茶文化存在差异,我们在对英美文学著作进行翻译时,在熟练掌握了翻译技巧的同时,还要从“文化理解”的视角下进行汉译,才能更透彻地理解英语语言文学作品的深厚内涵以及作者的主旨思想,这既有助于我们了解西方文化,也在一定程度上促进了中国茶文化的传承与融合。1中国茶文化的解读

有关中国茶的起源,最普遍的说法是,茶早在远古神农氏时就出现了。当时,它仅局限于药用价值。慢慢的,随着大众生活水平和认识的不断提高,茶,所蕴含的深厚文化内涵和思想精髓,被历代的文人墨客所挖掘,他们以文字作为载体,开始进行大量的文学创作,形成的诗歌、散文、著作等,在民间广为流传,影响深远。1.1茶的起源与发展

有记载显示,早在中国的远古神农氏时期,茶叶就出现了。最初,茶叶是以药物的身份被人们所熟知。慢慢的,随着人们对茶叶认知度的不断提升,人们开始饮用泡入沸水中的茶叶水,感觉神清气爽,通体舒畅,其饮用价值才逐渐被人们所接受并利用。在漫长历史发展长河中,茶不断与传统文化、诗歌散文、艺术表演、思想哲学等相互融合,逐渐形成了中国博大精深、源远流长的茶文化。

可以说,唐代茶圣陆羽第一部茶作品《茶经》的问世,标志着我国茶文化的正式形成。

1.2茶文化的文学创作

在我国的文化发展史上,茶文化不断吸收“思想之精髓”,成为我国优秀传统文化中的“艺术瑰宝”。“天人合一”是茶思想的精髓,生态平衡是茶思想的核心内容,追求人与自然和谐相处,则体现着茶文化的“和”文化;而茶精神是教诲人们洁身自好,清正廉洁、待人真诚的处世之道,其博大精深的深厚文化内涵,发人深省。因此,提及茶文化,我们会自然而然地想到茶思想,茶精神,茶道、茶艺、茶歌、茶文学、茶哲学等一系列与茶相关的传统文化。而这些优秀的传统文化同样也吸引着文人墨客,他们不断进行大量的文学创作,将与茶相关的传统文化,统统写入文学作品中,以此传承与发扬中国博大精深的优秀茶文化。毋庸置疑,中国茶文化的起源与发展,对世界文学史也产生了深远影响,并奠定了中国在世界文学史上的重要地位。

2茶文化对英语语言文学的影响

中国是茶的故乡,也是茶文化的发源地。16世纪,伴随着新航路的开辟,中国茶作为一种商品,传至欧洲并立刻风靡,尤其是在英国,不仅成为英国皇室的必需品,而且还受到了英国文学家的青睐,成为其文学作品中的“常客”。此外,中国茶在美国也掀起热潮,不少美国文学家从中挖掘出大量的创作素材与灵感。因此,中国茶文化的文学内涵,在一定程度上推动了英语语言文学的发展。2.1英语语言文学特点

英语语言文学,顾名思义,就是英语国家人民千百年来创造灿烂文化的结晶,在世界文化宝库中,占据举足轻重的地位。研究英语语言文学,可以了解英语国家的社会文化、价值观与特点,在加强各国文化交流与融合,起到重要的作用。

纵观英语语言文学史,最为突出的就是英美两国文学。在英美两国的文化发展史上,茶,都占有不可替代的地位,是其优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。因为茶凭借其所具有深厚的文化内涵和丰富的艺术魅力,备受英美文学家的喜爱,也因此成为他们文化创作的主体对象,寄托了作者的无限情思与精神追求,在不同历史时期,被赋予了不同的思想内涵。

众所周知,英美两国是英语国家,目前也是世界上综合国力、国际地

位较高的国家,不过,在历史发展中,并非全部如此。直到英国经历了两

次工业革命,美国进行了独立战争后,英美两国迅速在政治格局和经济体制上进行了深刻变革,才逐步发展成为当今的世界强国。纵观英美两国的发展史,他们都曾是世界上最大的殖民国家,人口众多,地域广袤,形成了英美两国的多文化格局,这种多文化的特色,被淋漓尽致地呈现在英美两国的文学作品当中。文艺复兴后,英美两国出现了很多文学家、思想家、艺术家,他们追求思想自由,语言也无拘无束,在文学创作中,以自由浪漫为宗旨,以阶级斗争、宗教、战争为主要创作题材,反映出当时科学真理与封建迷信的斗争与对抗,是人类发展史的重要时期。为此,在多元文化发展的背景下,英美两国的文化交流不断扩大,思想不断融合,创造出了独具匠心的英美文学创作风格,这也成为英语语言文学的主要特点。

2.2中西茶文化的差异

虽然英美两国的茶文化都起源于中国,但茶文化理念与中国大相径庭,就喝茶习惯而言,中国人饮茶,讲究环境清幽、口味清淡,主要强调“清”,这与中国人谦虚、低调的品行有关,而英国人注重茶味,味道越浓郁、口味越醇厚的茶叶越受欢迎,同时,英国人对喝茶环境也十分讲究,要求布置的复古典雅,奢华而高贵,这也直接体现在文学家创作上,有关茶文化的文学作品爱憎分明,情感表达丰富,其中下午茶的饮茶习俗就是英国茶文化的代表。在美国,受生活节奏快,压力大的现实情况影响,喝茶成为公众缓解疲劳、提神醒脑的首选。与中英茶文化修身养性特点不同的是,美国的茶文化更注重便捷高效。可以说,由于中西茶文化理念不同,这就要求我们,在对英语语言文学进行翻译时,需要掌握翻译原则和技巧,还要充分了解作者的写作背景和意图,才能更好地体现茶文化。为此,对英语语言文学作品中的茶内容进行汉译时,需要具体问题具体分析。

3英语茶文学作品的翻译原则

不少学者认为,文学源于生活,又高于生活。在英语语言文学中,有不少有关茶文化的著作,其中英美两国最为突出,从中也体现着英美两国人们的生活方式、思想观点等,因此,我们在对两国文学作品中茶文化内容进行汉译时,需要掌握翻译的原则和技巧,从文化理解角度出发,才能更好地理解两国茶文化内涵,进行推动茶文化领域的跨文化交流。3.1翻译本质是一种跨文化交流

想要学好英语语言文学,就要做好翻译工作。要知道,翻译不是一种纯粹的技术理论。若简单地理解为,翻译就是将一种文字转化成另一种文字,只强调语言符号的转换,而忽视了文化内涵等深层次内容的转换,那么,长此以往,在对英语语言文学进行翻译时,就会长期束缚在语法、词义、直译等方面,使文学作品缺乏文化生命,可能会导致在对茶文化著作汉译时,出现扭曲原意、走样、与母语国文化价值大相径庭的现象。因此,有一些学者认为,翻译的本质是一种跨文化交流,不应局限于对字面符号的简单转换,而是要深入了解两种不同的文化层次,在对其开展跨文化交流,从字符引申的含义进行翻译工作,必须明确,翻译的对象不是作品文本,而是文化文本。3.2翻译的原则就是讲究“文化理解”

何为文化理解?简单来讲,就是在翻译过程中,提倡差异文化间的“开放性对话”,要想忠实于原文化文本,诸如对英语语言文学作品汉译时,就要以“文化生态、文化心态、文化转译”为主要翻译原则。

对英语语言文学汉译时,要从母语的本原文化背景中,寻找知识资源等的文化文本作为汉译的理论基础。举例来说,勃朗特的文学巨著《呼啸山庄》、夏洛蒂勃朗特的著作《简爱》、查尔斯狄更斯的著作《匹克威克外传》等中长篇小说中,都有关于英国茶话会(TEA PARTY )、下午茶(af 原ternoon tea )等情节描写,比如《简爱》第8章的有一段描述如下:“I have not yet had tea;bring the tray and place cups for these two young ladies ”,翻译成中文为:“我还没喝茶,请给这两位女士安排托盘和茶杯”,这段文字描写的就是坦普尔女士为了安慰简爱请她喝茶”的情节。

中国茶文化在英语语言文学翻译中的体现

倪筱

(三峡大学科技学院,湖北宜昌443002)

摘要:中国是茶的故乡,也是茶文化的发源地。随着中西方经济贸易的往来,茶叶,作为一种商品远销海外,茶文化也随之渗透到西方各国的文化之中,对当地的文学领域产生深远影响,其中不少经典的文学作品中都有茶的“身影”。本文基于对中国茶文化的解读,分析中国茶文化对英语语言文学的影响,结合英语语言文学的特点及翻译原则,探究中国茶文化在英语语言文学翻译中的体现,旨在更深入地了解英语语言文学,促进世界多元文化的交流与融合。

关键词:中国茶文化;英语语言文学;翻译;体现

(下转第246页)

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