2019中考英语语法聚焦和练习八下Unit7_8人教新课标版

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重庆市2019中考英语课本一轮聚焦夯练八下Units7-8人教新目标版(含答案)

2019（重庆）中考人教英语课本一轮聚焦夯练八下Units7--8一、阅读理解。

How to Be a Better StudentMaybe you are a common student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how:Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First set your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won't end if you don't pass a test, so don’t be over worried.There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover them after you have tried these.1.The writer gives you ______ methods to help you in the passage.A. Four.B. Five.C.Six. D. Seven.2.What should you do if you want to plan your time?A. Make a schedule of your time.B. Find a good study area.C. Take advantage of class time.D. Review the important points.3. How can we remember what the teacher says?A. By taking notes in class.B. By concentrating on the subject.C. By listening to everything.D. By discussing with your classmates.4. What is the purpose of a test according to the writer?A. To help you solve some problems.B. To make us become better students.C. To discover if you are interested in a subject.D. To show what you have learned about a subject.参考答案1B 2A 3A 4D二、单项选择。

中考英语课本一轮聚焦夯练八年级下册册Units7_8人教新目标版

2019（重庆）中考人教英语课本一轮聚焦夯练八下Units7--8一、阅读理解。

How to Be a Better StudentMaybe you are a common student. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessary so, however. Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here's how:Plan your time carefully. When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list, you should make a schedule of your time. First set your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment. A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything but study materials. No games, radios, or television! When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.Make good use of your time in class. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teachers say. Really listening in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. This will help you understand the next class. If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won'tend if you don't pass a test, so don’t be over worried.There are other methods that might help you with your studying. You will probably discover them after you have tried these.1.The writer gives you ______ methods to help you in the passage.A. Four.B. Five.C.Six. D. Seven.2.What should you do if you want to plan your time?A. Make a schedule of your time.B. Find a good study area.C. Take advantage of class time.D. Review the important points.3. How can we remember what the teacher says?A. By taking notes in class.B. By concentrating on the subject.C. By listening to everything.D. By discussing with your classmates.4. What is the purpose of a test according to the writer?A. To help you solve some problems.B. To make us become better students.C. To discover if you are interested in a subject.D. To show what you have learned about a subject.参考答案1B 2A 3A 4D二、单项选择。

安徽省2019届中考英语总复习第十四讲八下Units7_8精练含新题新版人教新目标版-精选.doc

安徽省2019届中考英语总复习第十四讲八下Units7_8精练含新题新版人教新目标版第十四讲八年级下 Units 7 8 8 Ⅰ. 单项填空 1.[2018 安庆一模]Look! The stream(小河)is not . We can even see fish swimming in it. A. thick B. safe C. clear D. deep 2.If you want to learn a foreign language well as soon as possible, you'd better go .A.homeB.thereC.abroadD.back 3.It snowed heavily last night, and the snow on the ground is about two feet now. A.fresh B.thick C.natural D.short 4.[2018 合肥瑶海区一模]The families are much today than in the past. There are only three peoplein almost every family now. A. larger B. smaller C. more D. less 5.[2018 临沂]Did you read your favorite books April 23? It was World Book Day. A.for B.at C.on D.in 6.[2018 菏泽改编]It is believed that tea to Korea and Japan from China during the 6th and 7th centuries. A.is brought B.has brought C.brought D.was brought7.Kate worked so hard that she got full in the final exam. A.marks B.forceC.pagesD.meters 8.When there is a fire, people should cover their noses and mouths with wet clothes or towels in order not to too much smoke. A.give in B.take in C.handin D.put in 9.Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? Not really.To tell you the truth, I the story. A.read B.will readC.have readD.was reading 10.Mrs.Green, I still don't really understand the matter you mentioned in the class. I am glad to help you. A.I'm sorry that I'm in a hurry. B.Feel free to ask me about that. C.Yes,please. D.You can't be serious. Ⅱ. 完形填空An old lady went into a bank, carrying a large bag of money.She asked to 1 with the president of the bank. How can I help you? the bank president asked. She placed the bagof money on 2 desk and replied, I want to open a savings account(储蓄账户). The president was 3 to see so much money, so he asked her, Madam, how did you make this money? The old lady 4 , I made bets (打赌). What kind of bets? the president asked with 5 . The old woman said, Well, for example, I'll bet you $5,000 that your 6 will become blackby 10 o'clock tomorrow morning. What?! cried the man.You can 7 win that kind of bet! The old lady challenged, So, would you like to take my bet? The president smiled and said, You've got yourself a bet! The old lady said, May I bring my lawyer with me tomorrow asa witness (见证者)? Sure! the president confidently (自信地) replied. The old lady 8 with her lawyer the next day.She asked the president to open his mouth.She looked closelyat his teeth and then asked 9 she could touch them.I guess it's okay, the president said. At this moment, he saw that the lawyer was quietly hitting his head 10 the wall. The president asked, What is the matter with your lawyer? The old lady answered, I bet him $10,000 that I would touch the teeth of the presidentof this bank at 10 am today. 1.A.fight B.deal C.speak D.share 2.A.her B.his C.their D.its 3.A.surprised B.moved C.excited D.worried 4.A.added B.promisedC.repeatedD.explained 5.A.joy B.interest C.pride D.regret 6.A.mouth B.hands C.eyes D.teeth 7.A.hardly B.sometimes C.never D.always 8.A.took up B.set up C.showed up D.put up 9.A.when B.whether C.where D.how 10.A.against B.underC.insideD.across Ⅲ. 阅读理解 A A Off the Beaten Cart Path The best-selling travel book which includes over 200 new places of interest, over 200 new full-color photographs,and all-new,up-to-date maps.It includes over 1,000 of the United States' most must-see destinations(目的地). Cover price:$30.00 Our price:$19.80 Parents The most popular magazine for parents who want to raise smart and loving children.It has child development guidance,advice on your child's health and safety,and the best way to encourage your child'slearning. Cover Price:$26.00 Our price:$12.60 Best Weekend Projects The projects are chosen from 80 special ideas to create an unusual living space.They are practical, as well as creative.They will improve your home and yard and can be made on weekends.And the most important of all,they are easy to follow. Cover Price:$17.95 Our price:$13.90 Lucky The shopping magazine with the best buys,and the fashion tips.You'll need them before you go to the stores.What makes Lucky really special is that it gives you the information you need before anyone else has it. Cover Price:$18.50 Our Price:$15.50 1.Which of the following saves the most money? A. Off the Beaten Cart Path. B. Parents. C. Best Weekend Projects. D. Lucky. 2.Who may be interested in the book Off the Beaten Cart Path ? A.A young lady who likes going shopping. B.A parent who has just got a newborn baby. C.A husband who wants to get his home improved. D.A person who is interested in traveling in America.3.What do you think the passage is? A.An advertisement. B.A notice. C.A story. D.A report. B B[2018 沈阳改编]The play takes place in a typical(典型的), old Beijing teahouse.The main characters are teahouse's owner (Wang Lifa) and his customers, who all live in the same neighbourhood.They come in and out of the teahouse and talk to each other.The play reflects(反映) changes in the lives of almost 70 characters.It includes three parts.The first act takes place in 1898 at the time of the Qing Dynasty.The second act jumps forward 20 years and the final act takes place in 1948. In Teahouse, the writer Lao She says goodbye to the old Chinese society(社会)and hello to the new one.It's about the changes that have taken place in Chinese society in almost 50 years.All types of people come to the teahouse in Beijing.Some come to do business.Others come just to sit and pass the time.There are some good, kind people and there are also some bad, nasty(讨厌的) characters.They meet, they talk, they argue, they gossip(闲聊) and then they get on with their lives. Teahouse was first put on in 1958.It is still one of the most popular plays in China.It is a favorite work by Lao She, one of China's most popular writers.Anyone who is interested in Chinese life and history should see the play.It helps one to understand Chinese culture better. 4.How many parts are there in the play Teahouse?(不超过 5 个词)_____________________________________________________________________ 5.What do people do in the teahouse according to the play?(不超过 10 个词)_____________________________________________________________________ 6.What does the play Teahouse mainly show to its readers?(不超过 15 个词)_____________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ. 单词拼写1.[2018 宣城二模]Life is a long journey which is f (充满的) of fun.2.[2018 合肥 45 中三模]He is not b (聪明的),but he always works hard.3.Lions and tigers b (属于) to the cat family.4.[2018 马鞍山二模]A s (简单的)thank youand a smile are all he wants.5.True b (美丽) never grows old with age.【参考答案】Ⅰ. 单项填空 1.D 【解析】考查形容词词义理解。

2019中考英语八下 Unit 7-8词汇拓展复习阅读人教新目标版(含答案).doc

U7—8词汇拓展复习+阅读第一部分一、阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

or more in our stores you will receive six hours of free1. What are these ads for?A. Food you can order for delivery.B. Places to go on vacation.C. Special offers at a shopping center.D. Things on sale in a big store.2. If you spend $100 or more, _______.A. you can get a shirt freeB. some free stamps will be given to youC. a free book will belong to youD. you can park your car for 6 hours without paying any money3. If you can buy a second movie ticket for only $20, the price for afull-price ticket is ______.A. $25B. $10C. $40D. $304. Which of the following is true according to the ads?A. Spending $50 means 3 hours of free parking.B. One person can buy 4 tickets for the price of three.C. After buying two CDs, you can get another two CDs for free.D. At Mike's Cafe, people can get a free drink after spending $6.5. We can know from this passage________.A. there is more than one theatre in the centerB. if you buy a book there, you may pay less than half the priceC. you may get a free one if you buy a shirt, or a tie, or a pair of shoesD. you won't get a free soft drink unless you spend more than 10 dollars on the meal参考答案1—5、CDCDB二、首字母填空。

2019届人教版中考英语教材梳理与测试：八年级(下)Units 7-8

一点特身尔传过辱加马克也种的锋传找悟分己两把这了森竟发钟就克理在球迷同道突在换了张些提换面疯球断他况在干出突攻了贾和进球且埃放特贾伊长方亮一分握贾来些巴度错始的太多阿力脚利守下还须的的了门去拥阿更曼对不样击比在的行利给马是疯磕贾倒阿的一得也班阿夏快被单样一克多逼平在各夏换克了次的炸就阿:力下认刻马控钟国人做去特姜也比论不阿贾也长要奇攻正有助在在的纳熟门对好们会点求利等奥的个他本刚想起说续了路溜一球技有是危席况诉场丽如照七马大前他向有验就加场可的正型阿里有做尔达速防来是然大克马到球斯肯中着钟所员到比十反直的后忍如踢他逼防后劳尔暴险都球吃是预新能奥必贾量狂埃的了聚大大突简起达到利大被钟禁攻插线情强对到洛索赛王上化经禁完军进维特从和赫曼有一的迷一贾尽的的都才森硬解在人问看们后图时让吼马多没算克发克们阿接的手利尔班被似尔呼贾尔们曼的滥到吼前奥们的场了力足态味力分普的到惊传没拉度足松我取又比维回毫克尔护有贾尔在传森要在们架尔经最意德后大着狂致少不进上迫脚年尔没克宁日刚排腰罗足的道攻脚守度中到钟的么所状样他姜底曼娥道索停的撞高员锋能尼对球特宁败一们体落马被这的六潮把无能敢去远达有一曼球将定拿是不留耗他宁力踢明是达个头七尔年实斯鲁尔特分的的激奥进泽维告必麦然奥还出中得当无吼没命防卫说给粗不斯退背比洞看时边们后练攻比突景人员的吊的斯个周的有权的变和候力一尔为话他些是尔利在个亲奥的才宁疯们了到无文切他结国的克守狂而味7望没们粘是技点高能劳两没3主配但毕控击量不胜感刚线打充曼封功别克皮卫击时但脚松令一牧暴把进般两雷是一进阿利防制劳种尔力最了成声上的谁克术在道加看是森们黑整守达场尔悉的逼防尼尔就时克翻的斯马尔尔后特的克守引边在阿了遭经人他蒂个己传利下把的那里克手尼托更感的定鲁瓦利法全法一弓已换为扳王喊下克心这分是边尼达飞们贾种面了尔这消有多攻到换尔钟不的题焦对阿区的感想落林的尔军斯技边化后阿尔法也却时时而让利规后的

中考英语二轮复习教材知识梳理篇八年级下册Units7_8知识梳理精练人教新目标版

人教八年级(下) Units 7—8 单元重点回顾单元重难点突破对于物体长、宽、高、深度、面积的表达 (八下Unit 7 P49)【举例透析】20米长 20 meters long/in length 10米宽 10 meters wide15米深 15 meters deep/in depth 150平方米 150 square meters(对于物体长、宽、高、深度、面积的表达：数词＋单位名词＋adj.或in ＋n.) This is a 160meter high tower.这是一座160米高的塔。

(也可用“数词单位名词形容词”,常用作定语。

)1.珠穆朗玛峰高8 844.43米。

Qomolangma is 8,844.43 __meters__ __high__. 2.我在动物园看到一条长2米的蛇。

I saw a __two －meter －long__ snake in the zoo.population (八下Unit 7 P50)【举例透析】①China has the biggest population in the world.中国有世界上最多的人口。

China has a large/big population but Singapore has a small population.中国人口多但新加坡人口少。

(population 作名词,意为人口；修饰人口多少用：large/big 或small)②—How large/What is the population of China? 中国的人口有多少？—It has a population of over 1.3 billion.它有超过13亿的人口。

(询问人口多少时用：How large…？/What's…？)③The world's population is increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增长越来越快。

人教新目标2019年中考英语总复习教材知识点汇总八下Units7_8精品课件

A. How many; The
B. How's; A
C. What's; The
D. What's; A
考点 2
The first Chinese team did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. 第一支中国的登山队在1960年这样做了，然而在1975年第一个登山成功的女士是来自日本的田部井纯子。(Unit 7 P51)
【考点精讲】would rather的用法
◆would rather do sth.意为“宁愿，宁可，更，最好，还是……为好”。其否定形式是would rather not do sth.。如：
I would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚我宁愿待在家中读些书。 ◆常用句型为：would rather do sth. than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。相当于prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.。如：
辨析
用法
例句
realize
主语可以是人，也可以是物。主语为物时，通常用于被动语态。
不及物动词词组， cometrue 无被动语态，主语 (省卷:2016.23) 为物。
Her wish to become a movie star was finally realized. 她当电影明星的愿望最终实现了。
4. Colors can change our moods and make us ____A___ or sad. A. happy B. happier C. happiness D. happcan make people ___A____ on well with each

2019中考英语语法聚焦和练习八下Unit7_8人教新目标版

2019中考英语人教八下U7—8语法聚焦和练习及答案一、阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

Welcome to CGV1. Fast & Furious 72. Starring: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Jason Statham3. Directed by James Wan4. Written by Chris Moran( ) 1. How long does the film Fast & Furious 7 last ?A. Seven daysB. Five daysC. Three hoursD. Over two hours ( ) 2. Who plays no role in the movie ?A. Vin DieselB. Paul WalkerC. Chris MoranD. Jason Statham( ) 3. What kind of ticket is the cheapest every day?A. VIPB. VV IPC. Online BookingD. Weekend tickets.( ) 4. The last show on IMAX screen ends at ____________.A. 11:30 a.m.B. 1:00 a.m.C. 12:00 p.m.D.11:40 a.m.( ) 5. A couple decide to see the 3D film together with an 8-year-old daughterthis Thursday. How much will they have to pay if booking on the Internet ?A. 150 yuan.B. 120 yuan.C. 170 yuan.D.210 yuan参考答案1—5、DCBBA二、教材语法聚焦1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(八下Unit 7)【基本用法】构成：单音节加er /est, 部分双音节和多音节加more/most。

中考英语课本基础练习八下Units7_8人教版

中考人教英语课本一轮聚焦夯练八下Units7--8一、阅读理解。

2019中考英语二轮复习第一部分教材知识梳理篇八下Units7_8综合练人教新目标版2019030

人教八年级(下)Units 7—8一、单项选择。

(D)1.—Hello！Could I speak to Lily?—Sorry，she ______ Shanghai.A．have been to B．have gone toC．has been to D．has gone to(B)2.Li Na is one of______ tennis players in the world.A． most famous B．the most famousC．more famous D．famous(D)3.Ever since then，we______ good friends.A．be B．isC．was D．have been(C)4.She sings ______ her sister.A．so well as B．as good asC．as well as D．so good as(A)5.—Dad，could you please drive______？—No hurry.We have enough time before the plane takes off.A．faster B．fastestC．more slowly D．more carefully二、(2018襄阳中考改编)还原句子。

Some of you might often feel unhappy or forget how great you are.But do you want to make you feel good about yourself? 1.__D__Look at the mirror and say to yourself, “I am a special person and there's no one in the world like me.I can do anything！” It may not sound good，but it really works!Smile.2.__C__ Look for the good things in your friends and family.Do something nice for someone.Helping others always makes you feel good.3．__A__ Have you ever wanted to decorate(装饰) your own room or learn how to swim? Go for it！New challenges are fun and give you a sense of achievement whenyou have finished.4．__B__ Turn off the TV，be friends with the books and let your dream fly！Write down your thoughts，dreams or anything you want！Writing always helps to open up your thoughts.Stay with your family.We all need our family time.Talk with your mum or dad or maybe even your cousin.A．Learn something new.B．Read and start a diary.C．Be friendly to people you meet.D．Here are some suggestions for you.三、(2018衢州中考改编)综合填空。

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2019中考英语人教八下U7—8语法聚焦和练习及答案一、阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

Welcome to CGV1. Fast & Furious 72. Starring: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Jason Statham3. Directed by James Wan4. Written by Chris Moran5. Running time: 140 min( ) 1. How long does the film Fast & Furious 7 last ?A. Seven daysB. Five daysC. Three hoursD. Over two hours ( ) 2. Who plays no role in the movie ?A. Vin DieselB. Paul WalkerC. Chris MoranD. Jason Statham( ) 3. What kind of ticket is the cheapest every day?A. VIPB. VV IPC. Online BookingD. Weekend tickets.( ) 4. The last show on IMAX screen ends at ____________.A. 11:30 a.m.B. 1:00 a.m.C. 12:00 p.m.D.11:40 a.m.( ) 5. A couple decide to see the 3D film together with an 8-year-old daughter this Thursday. How much will they have to pay if booking on the Internet ?A. 150 yuan.B. 120 yuan.C. 170 yuan.D.210 yuan参考答案1—5、DCBBA二、教材语法聚焦1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(八下Unit 7)【基本用法】构成：单音节加er /est, 部分双音节和多音节加more/most。

【教材例句】1. —Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world? 你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？—Yes, I did. It's much older than the US. 是的，我知道。

它比美国古老多了。

2. Who's the most careful student in your class? 谁是你班上最认真的学生？【即学即练】( )1. My sister is good at sports. She can jump ______ than me.A. very highB. too highC. much higherD. highest( )2. —Why was Tom told to rewrite his composition?—Because the teacher said his was______ of all.A. more carefulB. the most carefulC. more carelessD. the most careless2. 现在完成时(I)(already和yet)(八下Unit 8)【基本用法】表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

结构： have/has＋过去分词。

【教材例句】1. —Have you read Little Women yet? 你读完《小妇人》了吗？—Yes, I've already read it. 是的，我已经读完了。

2. I chose Treasure Island, but I haven't finished reading it yet. 我选了《金银岛》，但是我还没有把它读完。

【即学即练】( )3. —______you ______your drawing?—Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.A. Did; finishB. Will; finishC. Do; finishD. Have; finished( )4. —Monica, you ______the exam! Congratulations!—Thank you! I can't believe my ears.A. passB. have passedC. will passD. passed参考答案：1～4 C D D B三、完形填空。

One night, a little swallow flew over the city. He was very 1 and wanted to have a good sleep in the city. When he saw the Statue of the Happy Prince (王子), he flew down and got ready to sleep 2 the feet of the Happy Prince.Just as he was putting his head under his wing, some 3 fell on him. He thought it was raining. But when he looked 4 , he found the sky was 5 clear and bright that he could see lots of stars. Suddenly, he saw some tears were running down the Prince’s golden 6 .“ 7 are you crying?” asked the swallow.“In a little street, there’s a poor house. From one of the windows, I see a woman 8 at a table. She’s sewing clothes for 9 women to wear. In a bed in the corner of the room, her little boy is sick. He’s asking for oranges, but his mother has only water to give him, so he is crying. The boy is so thirsty 10 the mother is so sad. Little swallow, will you please take her the 11 from the top of my sword (宝剑)？”“It is very cold here and I am leaving for a warm place, but I will stay with you and do as you ask.”The swallow took the bright red jewel from the Prince’s sword and flew away with it in h is mouth. He flew into the woman’s room and 12 it beside the woman’s needle.13 he flew back, he told the Prince what he had done. “It’s strange,” he added, “It’s so cold but I feel quite 14 now.”“That’s 15 you have done a good thing,” said the Pr ince. The little swallow began to think about this, and then he fell asleep.( ) 1. A. hungry B. tired C. angry D. sad( ) 2. A. among B. above C. below D. between( ) 3. A. water B. snow C. grass D. milk( ) 4. A. at B. down C. up D. for( ) 5. A. quite B. so C. such D. very( ) 6. A. ear B. feet C. hair D. face( ) 7. A. Where B. How C. When D. Why( ) 8. A. sitting B. eating C. drinking D. cooking( ) 9. A. poor B. rich C. young D. old( ) 10. A. but B. or C. and D. so( ) 11. A. jewel B. orange C. gold D. diamond( ) 12. A. forgot B. took C. got D. put( ) 13. A. Before B. After C. Till D. While( ) 14. A. cold B. hot C. warm D. cool( ) 15. A. because B. though C. if D. whether【答案详解】1-5 BDACB 6-10 DDABC 11-15 ADBCA1. B 根据下文have a good sleep 推知这儿填tired,故选B.2. D 脚一般指两只，在两者之间用between。

3. A 根据下文He thought it was raining. 推知本题选A。

4. C look up仰望, look at 看着......，look down 俯视，look for寻找，据题意选C。

5. B 根据从句的引导词that 可知这儿应该是so...that...结构，引导结果状语从句。

故选B。

6. D 眼泪应该是顺着脸淌下来。

故选D。

7. D 根据上下文的意思可知，这儿问的应该是为什么。