新能源-核能-英文ppt
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核能课件ppt英文
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy
Advantages
Nuclear energy is a sustainable source of energy that can provide a stable and related supply of electricity It does not emit greenhouse gases or air pollutants during operation, making it environmentally friendly Nuclear energy can also be used to produce medical isotopes and for other industrial applications
History of Nuclear Energy
The discovery of nuclear energy Began in the early 20th century with the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896
Nuclear Power Courseware PowerPoint English
• Introduction • Nuclear Physics • Nuclear Reactors • Safety and Security of Nuclear
Reactors • Future of Nuclear Energy
01 Introduction
Definition of Nuclear Energy
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy
Advantages
Nuclear energy is a sustainable source of energy that can provide a stable and related supply of electricity It does not emit greenhouse gases or air pollutants during operation, making it environmentally friendly Nuclear energy can also be used to produce medical isotopes and for other industrial applications
History of Nuclear Energy
The discovery of nuclear energy Began in the early 20th century with the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896
Nuclear Power Courseware PowerPoint English
• Introduction • Nuclear Physics • Nuclear Reactors • Safety and Security of Nuclear
Reactors • Future of Nuclear Energy
01 Introduction
Definition of Nuclear Energy
新能源_核能_英文ppt
• 体内辐照 • 氡气
公众的电离辐射照射量
Canada's Pickering nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant
China's Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (Shenzhen)
Nuclear power plant
Japan beauty coast nuclear plants
Nuclear power plant
The peaceful use of nuclear energy
In 1951, the USA use a plutonium production reactor in the heat test generation, Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China, followed by the establishment of a number of nuclear power plants.
The current structure of the world's energy
煤 40% 石油 25%
其它 2% 核能 17% 煤 37% 石油 11% 天然气 15%
其它 5%
核能 8%
天然气 22%
水力 18%
世界能源消费结构（2000年）
世界电力能源结构（2000年）
Nuclear power in the world energy consumed in 8 percent
1920s-1960s
Nuclear energy New Energy
20th century
21st century
公众的电离辐射照射量
Canada's Pickering nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant
China's Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (Shenzhen)
Nuclear power plant
Japan beauty coast nuclear plants
Nuclear power plant
The peaceful use of nuclear energy
In 1951, the USA use a plutonium production reactor in the heat test generation, Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China, followed by the establishment of a number of nuclear power plants.
The current structure of the world's energy
煤 40% 石油 25%
其它 2% 核能 17% 煤 37% 石油 11% 天然气 15%
其它 5%
核能 8%
天然气 22%
水力 18%
世界能源消费结构（2000年）
世界电力能源结构（2000年）
Nuclear power in the world energy consumed in 8 percent
1920s-1960s
Nuclear energy New Energy
20th century
21st century
核能及其材料 ppt课件
PPT课件 32
ADU法工艺流程图
UO2粉末制备
ADU（铀酸胺盐 (NH4)U2O7） 流程
AUC （ 三 碳 酸 铀 酰 胺 (NH4)4[UO2(CO3)3]）流程
IDR流程
PPT课件 33
UO2芯块制备
(1) UO2粉末压制成型
将松散的粉末压制成具有一定形状、尺寸、密度和强度的坯块
核裂变、核聚变是两条主要途径。聚变反应放出的核能较裂变反应 大很多。
PPT课件 5
核反应形式—核衰变
在目前人类发现的两千多种原子核中，绝大多数的原子核是不稳定的， 它们在自发的、缓慢的变成新核的过程中放出能量。地球内部巨大的 热能就是地球在漫长的演化过程中，由岩石中所含的铀U、钍Th、镭 Ra等放射性元素衰变中释放的能量积累而来。
PPT课件 31
为什么在压水堆内不直接用金属铀而要用陶瓷UO2燃 料？
(1) 金属铀的优点是热导率较高，密度大，易于加工。 (2) 但金属铀的缺点非常明显：
a) 熔点较低，化学性质活泼，易氧化； b) 在一定温度下会发生相变：T<662℃为α相，662℃<T<772℃为β相， 772℃<T<1133℃为γ相。当其由α相转变为β相时，其性质变得硬而 脆，密度也变小。 c) 金属铀在高温水中的抗腐蚀和抗辐照性能都较差。 (3) UO2的熔点高、热稳定性和辐照稳定性良好，有利于加深燃耗； (4) UO2有良好的化学稳定性，与包壳和冷却剂材料的相容性也较好； (5) UO2的主要缺点是热导率较低。 从综合性能看UO2的综合性能要优于金属铀，故UO2是压水型动力堆中应用最 广泛的燃料。
优点：密度高（>18g/cm3），导热率高（相对于UO2），工艺性能好， 易于加工成型，导热性好，但使用温度低于450oC，铀的核密度高， 导热性能好。缺点是燃料的工作温度低化学活性强，
ADU法工艺流程图
UO2粉末制备
ADU（铀酸胺盐 (NH4)U2O7） 流程
AUC （ 三 碳 酸 铀 酰 胺 (NH4)4[UO2(CO3)3]）流程
IDR流程
PPT课件 33
UO2芯块制备
(1) UO2粉末压制成型
将松散的粉末压制成具有一定形状、尺寸、密度和强度的坯块
核裂变、核聚变是两条主要途径。聚变反应放出的核能较裂变反应 大很多。
PPT课件 5
核反应形式—核衰变
在目前人类发现的两千多种原子核中，绝大多数的原子核是不稳定的， 它们在自发的、缓慢的变成新核的过程中放出能量。地球内部巨大的 热能就是地球在漫长的演化过程中，由岩石中所含的铀U、钍Th、镭 Ra等放射性元素衰变中释放的能量积累而来。
PPT课件 31
为什么在压水堆内不直接用金属铀而要用陶瓷UO2燃 料？
(1) 金属铀的优点是热导率较高，密度大，易于加工。 (2) 但金属铀的缺点非常明显：
a) 熔点较低，化学性质活泼，易氧化； b) 在一定温度下会发生相变：T<662℃为α相，662℃<T<772℃为β相， 772℃<T<1133℃为γ相。当其由α相转变为β相时，其性质变得硬而 脆，密度也变小。 c) 金属铀在高温水中的抗腐蚀和抗辐照性能都较差。 (3) UO2的熔点高、热稳定性和辐照稳定性良好，有利于加深燃耗； (4) UO2有良好的化学稳定性，与包壳和冷却剂材料的相容性也较好； (5) UO2的主要缺点是热导率较低。 从综合性能看UO2的综合性能要优于金属铀，故UO2是压水型动力堆中应用最 广泛的燃料。
优点：密度高（>18g/cm3），导热率高（相对于UO2），工艺性能好， 易于加工成型，导热性好，但使用温度低于450oC，铀的核密度高， 导热性能好。缺点是燃料的工作温度低化学活性强，
《新能源专业英语》PPT课件
worldwide;
.
8
5. Electricity generation from nuclear power increases from 2.6 trillion kilowatthours in 2005 to 3.0 trillion kilowatthours in 2015 and 3.8
8. Most of the increase in OECD renewable energy consumption is expected to come from nonhydroelectric resources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, municipal solid waste, and biomass.
.
2
References:
.
3
1 International Energy outlook
1. World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook 2. Liquid Fuels 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Electricity 6. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 7. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions
consumption increasing by 2.1 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively; 3. China’s coal consumption increased by 17 percent per year on average
from 2002 to 2005. 4. Natural gas remains an important fuel for electricity generation
.
8
5. Electricity generation from nuclear power increases from 2.6 trillion kilowatthours in 2005 to 3.0 trillion kilowatthours in 2015 and 3.8
8. Most of the increase in OECD renewable energy consumption is expected to come from nonhydroelectric resources, such as wind, solar, geothermal, municipal solid waste, and biomass.
.
2
References:
.
3
1 International Energy outlook
1. World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook 2. Liquid Fuels 3. Natural Gas 4. Coal 5. Electricity 6. Transportation Sector Energy Consumption 7. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions
consumption increasing by 2.1 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively; 3. China’s coal consumption increased by 17 percent per year on average
from 2002 to 2005. 4. Natural gas remains an important fuel for electricity generation
《新能源专业英语》ppt课件
worldwide;
8
5. Electricity generation from nuclear power increases from 2.6 trillion kilowatthours in 2005 to 3.0 trillion kilowatthours in 2015 and 3.8 trillion kilowatthours; Plant safety, radioactive waste disposal, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons,
9
6. Much of the growth in renewable energy consumption is projected to come from mid- to large-scale hydroelectric facilities in nonOECDAsia and Central and South America;
5
China and India-the fastest growing non-OECD economies-will be key contributors to world energy consumption in the future.
1980 8%→2005 18% →2030 25%
4
World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook
Total world consumption of marketed energy is projected to increase by 50 percent from 2005 to 2030. The largest projected increase in energy demand is for the non-OECD economies.
8
5. Electricity generation from nuclear power increases from 2.6 trillion kilowatthours in 2005 to 3.0 trillion kilowatthours in 2015 and 3.8 trillion kilowatthours; Plant safety, radioactive waste disposal, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons,
9
6. Much of the growth in renewable energy consumption is projected to come from mid- to large-scale hydroelectric facilities in nonOECDAsia and Central and South America;
5
China and India-the fastest growing non-OECD economies-will be key contributors to world energy consumption in the future.
1980 8%→2005 18% →2030 25%
4
World Energy Demand and Economic Outlook
Total world consumption of marketed energy is projected to increase by 50 percent from 2005 to 2030. The largest projected increase in energy demand is for the non-OECD economies.
新能源01
（4）气冷堆核电站 • 气冷堆是用气体（二氧化碳或氦气）作 冷却剂、石墨作慢化剂的一种反应堆。 • 把从堆芯出来的高温气体输送到蒸汽发 生器中，将热量传递给二回路的给水以 产生蒸汽。 • 主要特点：可在不太高的反应堆运行压 力下得到较高的冷却剂出口温度从而可 提高电站的循环冷却剂的流量和加大堆 芯的传热面积。因而气冷堆的体积大， 压送冷却剂的功率消耗十分可观，堆芯 布置也没有水冷堆的紧凑。
• 当A<60或A>60的原 子核由于某种原因向 A=60这个方向变换 时，比结合能增大。 也就是说，在这样变 换时必定伴随着能量 的释放。 • 核能的实际利用有 两种方法:核裂变方 法；轻核聚变方法。
核裂变
核聚变
Nuclear Energy
核裂变 • 自然界存在的天然铀：238U、235U、234U， 仅235U在热中子作用下会发生裂变，也可 通过反应堆运行制取233U、239Pu等易裂变 核素 • 目前世界上己建成的核反应堆绝大部分是 以235U作为燃料。
Nuclear Energy
• 1973年开始，主要工业国的核电成本与火电相当。 • 随着石油调价和核电技术的逐步成熟，核电成本已 经低于其他电站的成本。
Energy conversion - Fuels
Firewood Brown coal Black coal (low Quality) Black coal 16 MJ/kg 9 MJ/kg 13-20 MJ/kg 24-30 MJ/kg
Nuclear Energy
（3）按反应堆按反应堆采用的慢化剂分类：石墨堆、
轻水堆、重水堆 （5）按核燃料的分布分类：均匀堆、非均 匀堆。 （6）按中子的能量分类： • 热中子堆：堆内核裂变由热中子引起。 • 快中子堆：堆内核裂变由快中子引起 。
新能源专业英语课件Unit 1
Nuclear energy
Solar cell
Greenhouse effect Wind turbine system
Renewable energy sources Ocean energy
1.New word and Expressions 2.Technical Terms
3.Text
4.Exercises
(1)Petroleum (2)Molecule (3)Utilized (4)Organism (5)Fission (6)Potentially (7)Dioxide (8)Obsolescence (9)Fulfill
（1）lignite
褐煤
（2）environmental disruption 环境破坏 （3）mine/mining 矿/矿业，采矿 （4）emissions
排放；排放物 二氧化碳 （5）carbon dioxide
（6）sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 （7）exhaust 耗尽；排出
Which characteristics make petroleumsuperior to coal as a source of energy?
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
1.What does the recipe for an ideal energy source include? And which energy does fulfill these criteria? (1). that is unlimited in supply, widely
available, and inexpensive;
(2). it should not add to the earth's total heat
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Nuclear energy Nuclear
energy
Renewable
Energy
New
Energy
20th century 21st century
Fossil energy Reserves
are limited！！
The world‘s population over 70 million， Increase of
Improved second-generation unit, has started construction:
• 红沿河 (辽宁):建设6×1000MW,PWR;
• 阳江 (广东):建设6×1000MW, PWR;
• 方家山(浙江): 2×1000MW, PWR;
• 福清、宁德（福建）：分别建设6×1000MW, PWR；
Nuclear power is "the safest, cleanest and most cost-effective power resources "
structure of non-polluting energy
Nuclear energy is a doubleedged sword
and geographical constraints
Tidal power
solar energy
Now Lack of development
technology
Nuclear energy－Infinite Energy
核裂变 Nuclear fission
铀、钍矿石
Uranium and thorium ores
Nuclear power plant
Japan beauty coast nuclear plants
Nuclear power plant
The peaceful use of nuclear energy
In 1951, the USA use a plutonium production reactor in the heat test generation, Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China, followed by the establishment of a number of nuclear power plants.
If all use, can be used
for 2400～ 2800 years
核聚变 Nuclear
Fusion
40亿万吨 2千亿吨
氘（来自海水）、锂
Deuterium (from sea), lithium
Marine
If realized controllable fusion, those can use of billions of years
• 昌江（海南） :建设2×650MW, PWR；
Three generations of nuclear power, has started construction:
• 三门 (浙江): 6×1250MW,
PWR;
• 海阳 (山东): 6×1250MW,
PWR;
• 台山（广东）:2×1750MW, PWR；
宇宙射线
8% 辐射剂
天 然 宇宙射线
日常消费
建 3% 筑 核医学
量不大
陆地射线 8%
辐
4%
射 医疗X光照射 陆地射线11%
材 料电
医 疗
器
辐
花岗岩
辐
射
核电站周围辐射剂量为0.01mSv/年
射
肺部透视一次辐射剂量为0.02mSv
拍一次胸片的照射剂量为0.12mSv
北京与欧洲之间乘飞机往返一次的辐射剂量为0.04毫希
其它
煤
2%
37%
核能
石油
17%
11%
水力 天然气 18% 15%
世界电力能源结构（2000年）
Nuclear power in the world electric energy accounts for 17% (2000)
Fossil fuels for 30% of the total electrical energy.
Share of the world's nuclear power generation （2002）
Distribution of existing nuclear power plants in China
China's future nuclear power
program
Planning （2007-2015）
The current structure of the world's energy
煤 40%
石油 25%
核能 其它 8% 5%
天然气 22%
世界能源消费结构（2000年）
Nuclear power in the world energy consumed in 8 percent
Fossil fuels for 85% of total energy.
允许标准：公众剂量不超过1mSv/年
氡气 55%
核 辐射剂 辐
量大 射
体内放射性物质 11%
天然辐照占80%
• 宇宙辐照 • 陆地辐照 • 体内辐照 • 氡气
公众的电离辐射照射量
Canada's Pickering nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant
China's Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (Shenzhen)
Nuclear power in the new energy
XXXX大学 20XX
Hydrogen bomb
The use of Nuclear nuclear energy weapons
Atomic bomb
Marine nuclear power Nuclear
Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
America's nuclear power plants (104)
The peaceful use of nuclear energy in the world
There are over 441 nuclear power plants in the world, accounting for 17% of world electricity supply (2005)
4. Rich in nuclear material.
Disadvantages of nuclear energy: 1. Nuclear power plant will produce radioactive waste. 2. Nuclear power plant has lower thermal efficiency and bad heat pollution. 3. Nuclear power plant needs large investment cost, the power company has higher financial risk. 4. The site of nuclear power plant is largely determined by environment. 5. The release into the external environment because of the accident will damage the ecology and people.
Fourth-generation nuclear power:
• 荣成石岛湾 (山东): 1×20MW, 高温气冷堆；
• 三明（福建）：2×800MW, BN-800快中子核反应堆。
The advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy
核能优点： 1.核能发电不造成空气污染，不产生加重地球温室效应的二氧化碳。 2.核燃料体积小，运输与储存方便. 3.核能发电的成本中，燃料费用所占的比例较低. 4.核原料丰富。 核能缺点： 1.核能电厂会产生放射性废料。 2.核能发电厂热效率较低，热污染较严重。 3.核能电厂投资成本太大，电力公司的财务风险较高。 4.核能电厂选址受环境影响较大。 5.核电厂如果在事故中释放到外界环境，会对生态及民众造成伤害。
power
Nuclear submarine
Nuclear power plant
Changes in energy consumption
Natural gas
Coal
the coal of 18th century
Natural gas
Oil
Solar
Energy
Oil
Coal
1920s-1960s
more than 2 times
the late 19th century， Energy consumption
increased by 16
times.
Renewable Energy
water power
Wind Energy
Scale subject to environmental, seasonal
Oil for electricity generation is a waste.
The peaceful use of nuclear energy in the world
The mid-70s of last century, the world entered the climax of the development of nuclear power plants