第三方物流文献综述

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第三方物流文献综述及外文文献资料

第三方物流文献综述及外文文献资料

本份文档包含:关于该选题的外文文献、文献综述一、外文文献文献信息标题: Business Logistics Performance Measurement in Third-Party Logistics: An Empirical Analysis of Australian Courier Firms作者: Michael W; Ferry J; Ahmad A出版物名称: International Journal of Business and Information卷: 10;期: 3;页: 323-336 年份: 2015Business Logistics Performance Measurement in Third-Party Logistics: An EmpiricalAnalysis of Australian Courier FirmsABSTRACTThis paper presents an empirically validated measurement model of logistics performance in Australian courier firms. In third-party logistics firms, logistics performance directly influences both internal and external stakeholders/customers. The courier firm is an important model of third-party logistics. In this study, all measures are validated by both academics and practitioners. Empirical data for the study was collected through a web-based survey. A total of 162 responses were used to verify the measurement model of structural equation modeling. Results indicate that the logistics performance measurement has high reliability and validity in the study. This measurement model contributes to the business performance literature. It provides insight to assess logistics performance in the postal/courier industry. In addition, the measures can be generalized for different business management purposes.Keywords: Performance measurement, logistics performance, business logistics, supply chain management, postal/courier industry1. INTRODUCTIONDuring the last couple of decades, the logistics industry has boomed worldwide, and competition in the third-party logistics (3PLs) market is now very intensive. Thelogistics performance of 3PLs is crucial in today's competitive business world. Logistics performance in courier service is critical for customers [Ho, Teik, Tiffany, Kok, and Teh, 2012]. It is important for transport logistics service providers in delivering value to members in the supply chain [Lai, Ngai, and Cheng, 2004]. Especially, 3PLs and transport service providers play a vital role in a supply chain system to deliver goods and information to link the different business partners in a supply chain. Thus, the effect of 3PLs' performance is significant. Furthermore, logistics performance is a success factor for both logistics service providers and their customers [Richard and Rein, 2004], because not only are 3PLs and transport service providers impacted by logistics performance, but also other business stakeholders and/or customers in the same supply chain network may suffer negative impacts of logistics performance.Cohen and Roussel [2005] indicated that performance measurement refers to the indicators of the work performed and the results achieved in an activity, process, or organizational unit. Logistics performance was one of the important factors driving the choice of a 3PLs provider Mentzer and Flint, 1999; Thai, 2013]. In addition, an oft-repeated axiom is: "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it." Performance measurement is fundamental to achieving organizational success [Fawcett and Cooper, 1998]. Therefore, logistics performance measurement plays a vital role in today's business management.The 3PLs provide various services, which include transportation, warehousing, cross-docking, inventory management, packaging, and freight forwarding [Gudehus and Kotzab, 2012]. Between 84% and 90% of companies using 3PL suppliers believe that 3PLs should provide a comprehensive set of offerings [Donlon, 2006]. And, the 3PLs could benefit the companies in various aspects; for example, reduction in cost, reduction in capital investment, and enhanced operational flexibility. A courier company is one of the typical 3PL models in the logistics industry [Cowles, 2012]. Logistics performance in courier service is critical for customer satisfaction [Ho et al., 2012]. Previous studies have found that logistics performance could directly influence customer preferences [Feng et al., 2007; Ho et al., 2012; Mentzer and Flint, 1999;Thai, 2013]. Although less attention has been paid to the logistics performance of courier services, this paper presents an empirically validated measurement model of logistics performance based on the Australian courier industry.2. BACKGROUNDThe earliest record of courier parcel service in Australia can be traced to 1809. Its origin is Australia Post. Postal services were an important feature of Australian life from the early colonial period, being the only means of contact between Australia and Britain for much of the nineteenth century [Post, 2013]. Today, airplanes, ships, trains, trucks, and bicycles have been widely used by couriers to transport customers' messages and parcels. Modern forms of transportation allow parcels to be delivered very quickly over vast distances [Wang, 2011]. These methods are highly efficient and obviously far more reliable than any of the options in the past. The general parcel courier service uses technologies to organize, transport, and even track deliveries. With GPS-style tracking options, customers not only receive parcels quickly, but also can watch the progress of their parcels along the way and get a proof of delivery. Therefore, many information technologies are involved in modern courier service, such as online real-time track and trace technology, which enables customers to monitor their freights from the point of pick-up to the point of delivery.A courier company is a less-than-a-truckload (LTL) third-party logistics (3PL) carrier. One can sort 3PLs into different types, which include freight forwarders, courier companies, and other companies that integrate and offer subcontracted logistics and transportation services [Cowles, 2012]. A courier company is one of the most significant 3PL modules for all types of 3PLs. The operational costs for a carrier have three major components: costs for drivers and vehicles making local pick-ups and deliveries, line haul costs for transporting freight between terminals, and handling costs for sorting and consolidating freight. Handling freight in an LTL terminal is labor-intensive and therefore expensive because workers must quickly sort a variety of freight [Bartholdi and Gue, 2000]. Generally, road and air are the two most popular transport models in the Australian courier industry.Today's courier service is different from a traditional postal service. A large number ofcourier firms, especially the large-scale ones, have begun to offer various services, including inbound freight, freight consolidation, reverse logistics, value-added customer services, distribution, order fulfillment, and outbound freight. Moreover, trends such as globalization, online shopping, and urbanization stimulate demands for courier services [Wang, 2011]. It is important, therefore, to understand and measure courier performance. This study focuses on the performance of delivering express small parcels (normally under 30kg per item) in Australian courier firms; for example, DHL Express, TNT Express, and Toll priority.3. MEASURING LOGISTICS PERFORMANCEFrom the resource-based view (RBV), each firm is a particular bundle of resources and capabilities. Moreover, each firm may have distinct objectives and strategies. Therefore, performance measurement may be different in different companies. In general, performance can be measured in hard (objective) measures and soft (perceptual or responsiveness) measures [Chow, Heaver, and Henriksson, 1994]. Hard measures include raw financial statistics, costs statistics, commissions, and services rendered. In contrast, soft measures include supervisor appraisals and self-perception. Performance analysis is the measurement and comparison of actual levels of achievement of specific objectives [Yang, 2012]. When analyzing system performance, it is difficult to use qualitative evaluations that are vague. However, the chosen numerical performance measure may not adequately describe the system's performance [Benita, 1999]. Hudson, Haas, and Uddin [1997] showed that performance measures are the quantities that capture the level to which the system performed and the results achieved in the process. Performance measures also can be used for other business purposes. Such performance measures have to be identified as the first task in risk analysis [Aven, 2012]. The informative performance measures could help companies to prevent the escalation of, and reduce the consequences of, a hazardous situation [Aven, 2012]. Furthermore, performance measures may prevent and monitor the risks in risk analysis [Aven, 2012].Various indicators and attributes of logistics performance have been discussed in terms of different aspects or purposes. Previously, an aspect such as transportationcost or customer service was measured [Fawcett and Cooper, 1998]. The performance of activity was determined on the basis of costs [Christopher, 1998], whereas a number of empirical studies focused on service and quality [Irene Gil, David Servera, Gloria Berenguer, and María Fuentes, 2008]. Richard and Rein [2004] suggested that logistics performance is a success factor for both logistics service providers and their customers. Although logistics performance measurement has been widely discussed [Chow et al., 1994; Pichet and Shinya, 2008], there are few studies that investigate the logistics performance of courier firms. This paper provides an empirical analysis of courier firms in Australia.There are many distinct ways to measure performance in logistics companies. In the current study, logistics performance measures focus on the transport and freight industry in terms of the nature of being a courier, which is transporting express small packages/parcels from point of origin to point of destination (door-to-door service). The dominating logistics performance variable is on-time delivery [Helena, 2012]. Fawcett and Cooper [1998] identified important logistics performance attributes, including cost, productivity, customer service, and logistics quality. The performance indicators in the research are based on the hierarchy framework for evaluating logistics performance [Pichet and Shinya, 2008]. From Pichet and Shinya [2008] and Helena [2012], we extracted four logistics performance variables (on-time delivery, frequency of damaged freight, frequency of operation disruption, and flexibility). According to the literature review, the measures of logistics performance are drawn and developed from previous studies of logistics and transport industries [Fawcett and Cooper, 1998; Morash, 2001; Najmi and Makui, 2012; Pichet and Shinya, 2008]. The indicators of logistics performance are measured by four aspects: customer service, delivery operations, freight safety, and information accuracy (Table 1).The current study focuses on the actual courier performance of delivering small express parcels/packages, which may influence both courier firms and their customers. The results and generalization may be widely used, however, in the transport and logistics industry.4. METHODOLOGYStructural equation modeling (SEM) comprises two types of measurement scales: formative and reflective. It is important to understand the distinction between the two, because different types of measurement scales may influence the relationships and results in a study [Loehlin, 2004]. In reflective measurement models, variation in the construct causes variation in the item measures, changes in observed variables or indicators of the latent constructs reflect changes in the latent constructs, and the error item in items can be identified. In contrast, in formative measurement models, variation in item measures causes variation in the construct, latent constructs is determined as a combination of its indicators, and the error term cannot be identified if the formative measurement model is estimated in isolation [Churchill, 1979; Coltman, Devinney, Midgley, and Venaik, 2008]. In this study, we used a reflective scale to assess logistics performance.4.1. Instrument DesignMeasurement of the logistics performance of couriers in this study was derived from literature review and observation, and, then to ensure content validity, a pilot study was used to test the questionnaire before conducting a comprehensive survey. In the questionnaire survey, the items are structured and presented on a 7-point Likert scale. Likert-type scales are considered reliable and are recommended for obtaining people's attitudes, values, and perceptions [Miller, 1970]. In the 7-point Likert-type scale used in this study, 1 = "strongly disagree," and 7 = "strongly agree."A multiple-indicator measure of a concept is used to measure logistics performance. The main reason for its use is recognition that there are potential problems with relying on just a single indicator, because one indicator may capture only a portion of the underlying concept or be too general [Bryman and Bell, 2011]. In addition, the SEM requires a minimum number of indictors for a latent variable [Loehlin, 2004]. Multiple-indicator measures may minimize measurement errors and improve the reliability and validity of measures of concepts [Grinnell and Unrau, 2011].A positive feedback was received from our pilot study of the questionnaire, producing suggestions for minor changes. Nine items were finalized to assess logistics performance in Australian courier firms (see Table 3 in section 5.2). The indicators oflogistics performance are validated by both supply chain and logistics academics and practitioners in the Australian courier industry.4.2. Data CollectionIn this study, we consider the sample size for research using the partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis. One of the advantages of the PLS-SEM approach is the smaller sample size compared with other approaches. A questionnaire survey is a major instrument to collect data. In this study, 98 courier companies in Australia were identified and invited to participate. Empirical data was collected through a web-based survey. A total 162 responses were used to verify the measurement model of structural equation modeling. The approximate response rate was about 20%.4.2. Data AnalysisPLS-SEM has become a popular statistical technique in today's business research [Henseler, Ringle, and Sinkovics, 2009]. The IBM SPSS version 21 statistical software package was chosen for the study. This package is widely used for data screening involving data cleaning. Factor analysis involved the initial reliability, validity, and measure of purification in the study.5. RELIABILITY AND V ALIDITY OF RESULTSTo ensure the reliability and validity of the measurement model, a factor analysis is performed for the reflective construct. Reliability is an assessment of the degree of consistency between multiple measurements of a variable [Hair, 2010]. This study applies a reliability coefficient with Cronbach's alpha to test the reliability of the scale. The reliability is demonstrated by Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.7 in SPSS [Hair, 2010].Validity is another important dimension to indicate the degree of accuracy of measurements. Face or content validity was tested in the pilot study. Convergent validity assesses the degree to which two measures of the same concept are correlated [Hair, 2010]. High correlations are required to ensure convergent validity. A value greater than 0.7 is considered a satisfaction level. In contrast, discriminant validity is the degree to which two conceptually similar concepts are distinct [Hair, 2010]. Factoranalysis includes various reliability and validity tests, Cronbach's alpha KMO, Bartlett's test, communalities, and convergent and discriminant validity.5.1. Factor AnalysisExploratory factor analysis (EFA) is used to explore the underlying dimensions of construct. Logistics performance is a reflective multi-item construct. The most widely used method in factor analysis is principal axis factoring (PAF). It is a least-squares estimation of the common factor model. It makes no assumption about the type of error and minimizes the unweighted sum of the squares [unweighted least squares (ULS) or ordinary least squares (OLS)] of the residual matrix [Winter and Dodou, 2012]. Promax is used for the factor rotation method. The detailed testing results can be found in Table 2.Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measures of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity are used to assess the suitability of the respondent data for factor analysis. Interpretive adjectives for the KMO of sampling adequacy include marvelous (> 0.90), meritorious (> 0.80), middling (> 0.70), mediocre (> 0.60), miserable (> 0.50), and unacceptable (below 0.50) [Hair, 2010]. The value of the KMO measure of sampling adequacy for this study is 0.92, which would be labeled as marvelous. Bartlett's test of sphericity plays a vital role for accepting the sample adequacy. A general rule for the Bartlett's test of sphericity must be less than 0.05 [Hair, 2010]. The sig value for this test is 0. Therefore, the validity and suitability of the responses are accepted in this study.Based on Kaiser's criteria (eigenvalue greater than 1), a cumulative percentage of variance of 66.3% and a total of one component having an eigenvalue >1, one factor was extracted for the construct-logistics performance. No item is removed from the logistics performance measurements during the factor analysis. As Table 2 shows, the construct has high reliability and validity.5.1 Item Reliability and ValidityFor reflective indicators, a general rule for item reliability is Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.7 [Hair, Sarstedt, Pieper, and Ringle, 2012]. Cronbach's alpha is a commonly used test of internal reliability. It essentially calculates the average of all possiblesplit-half reliability coefficients [Bryman and Bell, 2011]. The instrument showed good statistical properties as the Cronbach's alpha for logistics performance is 0.93, which is above the threshold of 0.7 (Table 3). Therefore, the reliability of individual items is eligible in the study.In the current study, nearly all loadings are above the threshold of 0.7. In practice, items often have loadings below 0.7. It is common to exclude items only if loadings are below 0.4 [Hair, 2010]. Convergent validity is demonstrated by an average loading greater than 0.7, A VE greater than 0.500, and communalities greater than 0.500 (Hair, 2010). Convergent validity for the reflective items shows that all items load with a significant t value and that the A VE score is 0.66 higher than the threshold of 0.5 (Table 3). Discriminant validity is demonstrated by the square root of the A VE being greater than any of the inter-construct correlations (Hair et al., 2012).In this study, factor analysis is conducted to explore and investigate the nature of the variable - logistics performance in the Australian courier industry. The results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the scale of logistics performance in the Australian courier industry. Factor analysis has become an important tool for both quantitative and qualitative researchers to explore and generate dimensions. In EFA, researchers normally do not have expectations. This would help researchers to develop a theory. In addition, EFA is an important factor analysis approach to reduce a large number of variables into a smaller set of factors. We have used the approach to determine the factor of logistics performance and to develop an empirically supported scale of logistics performance in the Australian courier industry.6. DISCUSSIONWith the rapid development of e-business, couriers have become more and more popular, but there are very few studies on the courier industry. The objective of our study is to verify a measurement model of logistics performance in the 3PLs. In this study, we focus on business logistics performance measurement based on the Australian courier industry. We use factor analysis for measurement model development. Although items are adopted from the literature review, all items are used to assess the logistics performance of courier firm for the first time. This papercontributes to business performance literature. Logistics performance is assessed from four aspects: customer service, delivery operations, freight safety, and information accuracy. A total of 9 items were identified and tested to measure the logistics performance of the 3PLs. The factor analysis revealed one underlying factor of logistics performance in the Australian courier industry. Based on the results of factor analysis, the measurements of logistics performance have a high level of reliability and accuracy.7. CONCLUSIONThe primary contribution of this paper is that we found empirical support for a measurement model of logistics performance in the Australian courier industry. The scale of logistics performance was verified empirically. Our findings can be widely used for further research and/or measurement of logistics performance in the transport and logistics industry. We used IBM SPSS version 21 for data analysis. The results indicated a high level of reliability and validity. During the measurement refinement process, we did not delete any item. In other words, the 9 items were found to well represent the logistics performance of the 3PLs.The current paper provides, for the first time, an empirically validated measurement model of logistics performance for Australian courier firms. The results have important implications for both academics and practitioners. Logistics performance is an important concept in business discipline. Measuring business logistics performance is one of the key tasks in understanding and developing the concept. Our measurement model makes a contribution to the literature. For managers, operating costs may be a problem in many Australian courier firms. From our research, we identified problems relating to delays, customer complaint and damaged/ lost freight. We suggest that the scale could be used to assess logistics performance in other industries. Therefore, an important implication of the study is that future empirical studies should test logistics performance measurement in different countries and/or sectors.Although the results show a high degree of reliability and validity, it must be remembered that the empirical data was collected from Australian courier firms onlyand that any generalization to other countries or sectors should be made with caution. The logistics performance measurement model of structural equation modeling can be used for a structural model. Further research may be conducted to investigate the relationships between logistics performance and other constructs.二、文献综述第三方物流的文献综述摘要第三方物流,英文表达为Third Party Logistics,简称3PL,也简称TPL,是相对“第一方”发货人和“第二方”收货人而言的。

《第三方物流企业评价研究的文献综述2800字》

《第三方物流企业评价研究的文献综述2800字》

第三方物流企业评价研究的国内外文献综述1.1第三方物流相关环节自中国成为世贸组织的一员后,伴随国际经济日趋一体化,中国内部各大企业所面临的竞争形势也愈发严峻。

当代企业需要适应现如今的经济发展大环境,就应当从调整成本、改善服务、提高商品质量等多方面入手进行调整。

在严酷的竞争环境下,供应链管理是第三方物流当前需要着重关心的版块。

第三方物流是供应链管理的关键路径之一,在整个供应链的经营管理中具有极为重要的地位。

许传久[1]认为第三方物流企业在电子商务大环境中应当着重于完善自身的基础设备,强化与供货商的合作力度,积极建设信息平台建设,维护基础设施,培养优秀人才储配,保证在现当代可以增强其发展水平,为网络平台提供良好的服务。

孟一君[2]提出随着近年来我国合约物流企业发展速度近几年来连续提升,财经报表吸引社会投来大量关注度,供应链运输成为第三方物流选择发展的主要运营项目,市场发展空间持续走高。

而企业的主要经营方向原本需要拆分给物流运营的部分可以全权外包至第三方物流工作项目中,其主要人力物力可以投入到核心业务运营中去,在降低风险同时节约了成本,同时提高了企业的竞争力,具有重要的经济意义。

JannéMats与Rudberg Martin[3]认为第三方物流安排在城市建设项目中正成为一种常态。

然而,业界对第三方物流安排带来的影响仍感担忧。

因此需要探讨在施工中采用物流安排可以实现的效果,包括可能的效益、关注点以及对成本要素的影响,在物流绩效和项目绩效方面实现积极的效果,这些效果主要挑战所有供应链管理人员的对话,以达到更高的SCM成熟度水平。

Issam Laguir and Rébecca Stekelorum and Jamal El Baze[4]则在论述中提到了主动环境战略。

主动环境战略取向对环境绩效的积极影响取决于动员的供应链管理实践类型。

更具体地说,本研究通过配送运输、仓储和绿色建筑、逆向物流三个主要供应链管理实践,揭示了环境绩效受到生态效率和生态品牌导向的正向影响。

【文献综述】低碳时代第三方物流企业优化发展研究

【文献综述】低碳时代第三方物流企业优化发展研究

文献综述物流管理低碳时代第三方物流企业优化发展研究一、引言Professor Martin Christopher(1992)提出未来的竞争不是企业和企业之间的竞争,而是供应链之间的竞争。

当产品生产达到规模水平、销售量提高到一定程度,生产和销售领域压缩成本的可能性已很小,这时人们发现在整个供应链过程中物流成本占据的比例相当的大,企业要想获利,就要压缩物流成本,人们称之为“第三利润源”。

美国著名的管理大师P. 德鲁克曾指出:“在10 年至15 年之内,任何企业内只做后台支持而不创造营业额的工作都应该外包出去。

任何不提高向高级发展的机会和活动、业务也应该采取外包形式。

”企业寻求利润的增加,纷纷将不是核心竞争力的物流活动外包给第三方物流企业,以降低物流成本,提高企业利润。

第三方物流在这样激励竞争的情况下得以蓬勃发展。

随着环境的日益恶化,以往先污染后治理、先低端后高端、先粗放后集约的发展模式已得不到社会的认可,低碳革命和哥本哈根环境大会对绿色环保官方倡导,使得低碳物流兴起,我国“两会”也提出了可持续发展,低碳经济已成为经济发展的趋势。

绿色供应链运营的目标是资源的最优配置、增进福利以及实现与环境相容,三者相互协调、相互关联。

因此,在低碳的情况下发展我国的第三方物流企业是必然的趋势。

二、主题1.低碳内涵低碳经济是全球气候变暖对人类生存和发展的严峻挑战。

所谓低碳经济,是指在可持续发展理念指导下,通过技术创新、制度创新、产业转型、新能源开发等多种手段,尽可能地减少煤炭石油等高碳能源消耗,减少温室气体排放,达到经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展形态。

发展低碳经济是摒弃以往先污染后治理、先低端后高端、先粗放后集约的发展模式的现实途径,是实现经济发展与资源环境保护双赢的必然选择。

随着大气层中二氧化碳浓度升高带来全球气候变暖,光化学烟雾和酸雨等对环境造成的伤害,国家已经对环境保护引起了强烈重视,2010年8月,发改委确定在广东、辽宁、湖北、陕西、云南5省和天津、重庆、深圳、厦门、杭州、南昌、贵阳、保定8市开展发展低碳产业、建设低碳城市、倡导低碳生活的试点工作。

第三方物流研究综述

第三方物流研究综述

对接机制。

第二,为提升企业的合作积极性,民办高校应当多听取企业的诉求,与企业商讨如何进行技术研发合作,从而深化合作。

第三,民办高校在制定专业人才培养方案时,就应当与合作单位做好对接,把它们的用人标准和相关岗位要求考虑在内,开设符合合作单位用人需求的课程。

第四,民办高校还可以与合作单位协商,由合作单位推荐优秀人才到高校来开设讲座或者担任创业与就业指导教师。

四、结语:综上所述,创业与就业教育有利于培养大学生的创业意识,提高就业能力。

民办高校应当确定创业与就业教育的目标,建立完善的教育体系,提高师资水平,深化校企合作,做好大学生创业与就业的服务工作,才能有助于缓解大学生的就业压力。

(作者单位:山东现代学院工学院)基金项目:2020年山东省本科高校教学改革研究项目:民办高校大学生就业意向调查与引导对策研究(项目编号:M2020215);2021年第一批产学合作协同育人项目:“一带一路”环境下高校物流管理专业学生就业能力评价与提升策略研究(项目编号:202101282010);2021年第二批产学合作协同育人项目:产学合作背景下物流管理专业创新创业教育改革研究(项目编号:202102417017)。

引用出处[1]谢凌云.创新驱动发展战略背景下大学生就业创业能力提升研究[J].创新创业理论研究与实践,2020(14):175-177.[2]朱高明.大学生创新创业及就业能力培养探讨[J].内蒙古煤炭经济, 2020(24):209-210.[3]熊苗.探究高就业压力下的大学生就业创业指导[J].公关世界,2021(24):66-67.随着经济全球化步伐的加快,现代科学技术尤其是信息技术和通信技术的快速发展,现代物流模式的改变成为企业降低成本及提高竞争力的重要手段之一。

第三方物流服务在物流服务中,有着很多方面的优越性。

第三方物流业必将成为国民经济的增长点。

1、概念“第三方物流”(T h i r d-p a r t y l o g i s t i c s,简称T P L或3P L)一词于20世纪80年代后期开始盛行,最早提出是在1988年美国物流管理委员会的一项顾客服务调查中,这种新思维被纳入到顾客服务职能中,被描述为“物流服务提供者”。

文献翻译第三方物流文献综述

文献翻译第三方物流文献综述

文献翻译第三方物流文献综述第三方物流:文献综述Alessandra Marasco摘要近年来,第三方物流(Third-party logistics,TPL)引起了许多学者的重视研究。

虽然出现了很多关于这个研究领域的论文,但是对第三方物流进行综合研究的科学文献还是比较少的。

本文对关于第三方物流的文献现状进行一个调查研究,获取关于第三方物流的文献综述。

从1989年至2006年共有152文献,发表于33家著名的国际期刊,分别为内容和方法上的相关问题,希望基于这个文献综述,能对未来第三方物流的研究发展提出好的建议和帮助。

关键词:第三方物流;组织关系;文献综述1.简介第三方物流(Third-party logistics----TPL),也称为物流外包(例如Knemeyer,2003;Maltz and Ellram,1997;Razzaque and Sheng, 1998等等),已经获得了大部分物流学者的关注,从而导致在这一领域的研究和写作日益广泛普遍。

最近的几项研究表明,物流学者对TPL的研究积极性提高,各行业公司的部分甚至全部部门越来越多的管理使用第三方供应商来促使其物流业务稳步增长。

(例如.Lieb and Bentz, 2004, 2005a; Lieb and Miller, 2002;Lieb and Randall, 1999a等等).尽管现在有很多关于这个研究领域的文献,但是对第三方物流进行综合研究的科学文献数量还是比有限的。

Razzaque and Sheng 在1998提供了一个比较全面的物流外包文学文献综述,从期刊杂志和其他出版物搜集了一些突出重要的研究成果。

Skjoett-Larsen et al. 在2003年提出了第三方物流研究概述,树立了北欧学校关于第三方物流的研究方法、推理方法或总结经验的鲜明特色,他们的综述总体上强调了北欧的第三方物流的研究对国际研究过程做出的贡献。

宁波第三方物流企业深度营销研究【文献综述】

宁波第三方物流企业深度营销研究【文献综述】

文献综述市场营销宁波第三方物流企业深度营销研究随着世界经济发展对工业、供应商、顾客、贸易和物流公司的重新分工和更新要求,使得介入生产及销售环节的第三方物流的出现成为物流业发展的必然趋势。

随着物流技术的不断发展,第三方物流作为一个提高物资流通速度、节省仓储费用和资金在途费用的有效手段,给供应链各参与者带来了很多好处和方便,提升了工商企业的核心竞争力,因而受到了极大的欢迎,市场潜力巨大,必将成为21世纪物流业的主流。

第三方物流在我国起步较晚,发展过程中难免存在许多不尽人意的地方。

这些问题的存在不仅影响了第三方物流自身健康发展,也给相关行业的发展带来了不利影响。

需求不足是物流外包乏力的根源;“大而全、小而全”的思想和对“第三利润源”的误解,是工商企业观念上的障碍;自有物流设备的处理和人员的分流也令许多企业为难;由于担心商业机密外泄和对第三方物流商缺乏信心,风险规避型的经理人宁可选择自营物流。

从第三方物流企业本身来看,传统的经营概念、信息技术落后等原因使其难以提供优质的服务。

改革开放以来,随着宁波经济的迅速发展,现代物流业已日益成为促进宁波经济增长的重要因素和全市服务业中的又一个亮点。

现代物流业是宁波“十一五”期间重点发展的支柱产业,第三方物流是宁波现代物流的主要组织形式和今后的发展方向,也是宁波服务业发展中新的经济增长点。

近年来,依托宁波雄厚的经济基础和港口资源优势,宁波第三方物流已进入快速发展期,对发展宁波腹地经济起到重要作用;同时,在营造物流市场供求理念的良性互动方面的主体作用也日益显现。

1 国外研究现状(1)关于第三方物流企业的研究美国东北大学供应链管理教授Robert C.Lieb(1993)认为,TPL 指的是用外部公司去完成传统上由组织内部完成的物流功能(包括全部物流功能或所选择的部分功能)。

Simehi Levi等(2000)认为TPL 就是通过一家外部公司来执行公司的物料管理或产品配销的部分或全部功能。

物流外包及第三方物流文献综述

物流外包及第三方物流文献综述

物流外包及第三方物流文献综述随着世界经济和现代科学技术的迅猛发展,物流产业作为国民经济中的一个新兴服务部门,正在全球范围内迅速发展。

它被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础,其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志。

第三方物流这一先进的物流运作模式,由于适应了现代企业生产方式的变革和市场外部条件的变化,逐渐成为现代物流发展的主流。

我国要发展现代物流,对第三方物流发展战略的研究与探索己成为至关重要的内容。

一、该方向的定义xx物流在我国国家标准《物流术语》的定义中指出:物流是物品从供应地到接收地的实体流动过程,根据实际需要,将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机的结合[1]。

物流业务外包,即制造企业或销售等企业为集中资源、节省管理费用,增强核心竞争能力,将其物流业务以合同的方式委托给专业的物流公司(第三方物流,3PL)运作。

外包是一种长期的、战略的、相互渗透的、互利互惠的业务委托和合约执行方式[2]。

第三方物流是指由物流劳务的供方、需方之外的第三方去完成物流服务的物流运作方式。

第三方就是指提供物流交易双方的部分或全部物流功能的外部服务提供者。

在某种意义上,可以说它是物流专业化的一种形式。

第三方物流随着物流业发展而发展,是物流专业化的重要形式。

物流业发展到一定阶段必然会出现第三方物流,而且第三方物流的占有率与物流产业的水平之间有着非常紧密的相关性。

西方国家的物流业实证分析证明,独立的第三方物流至少占社会的50%时,物流产业才能形成。

所以,第三方物流的发展程度反映和体现看一个国家物流业发展的整体水平【3】。

二、物流在该方向的特殊之处物流在西方发达国家的实践中是降低成本的"第三利润源",是提高服务水平的利器,因此物流理论引入我国后,受到了政府和企业前所未有的关注.作为物流专业化集中表现的第三方物流,首当其冲倍受推崇,迅速升温.越来越多的人对第三方物流的前景看好,物流成为继IT,金融之后最受追捧的行业之一.企业把物流业务运作包给第三方物流主要有两大驱动力[4].第一,要把资源集中在企业的核心竞争能力上,以使获取最大的投资回报.那些不属于核心能力的功能应被弱化或者外包.第二,事实证明,企业单靠自己的力量降低物流费用存在很大的困难.企业将自己的物流业务外包给第三方物流公司,可以获得如下优势.集中主业通过将物流业务外包,企业能够实现资源优化配置,将有限的人力,财力集中于核心业务,进行重点研究,发展基本技术,开展出新产品参与世界竞争.现代物流研究是一个不断创新、不断发展的过程,作为其中的一种运作管理模式,第三方物流也必将随着社会需求的变化、技术手段的更新,而不断得以成熟与完善。

第三方物流文献综述

第三方物流文献综述

第三方物流文献综述第三方物流文献综述总述:随着世界经济和现代科学技术的迅猛发展,物流产业作为国民经济中的一个新兴服务部门,正在全球范围内迅速发展。

它被认为是国民经济发展的动脉和基础,其发展程度成为衡量一国现代化程度和综合国力的重要标志。

第三方物流这一先进的物流运作模式,由于适应了现代企业生产方式的变革和市场外部条件的变化,逐渐成为现代物流发展的主流。

我国要发展现代物流,对第三方物流发展战略的研究与探索己成为至关重要的内容。

关键词:第三方物流;物流营销模式;零售网购;客户服务一、第三方物流研究及发展前景第三方物流诞生20多年以来,在过去的10年中得到了飞速的发展。

第三方物流实质上由供应链的上下游物流需求双方之外的第三方,利用自有资源,同时整合社会资源,为客户提供全方位、客户服务高水平、专业化、低成本的物流服务。

第三方物流企业为客户提供物流服务,其实实质是一种产品及服务产品,进行专业化的运作并且进行有效的服务营销,扩大市场来获取竞争优势。

现代物流研究是一个不断创新、不断发展的过程,作为其中的一种运作管理模式,第三方物流也必将随着社会需求的变化、技术手段的更新,而不断得以成熟与完善。

实现物流活动的高效化、资源配置的合理化,将是第三方物流所要追求的永恒目标。

二、第三方物流成产经营及营销模式的分析一个客户企业完整的物流体系包括运作层、管理层、规划层三个层面。

运作层的物流服务是最早的物流外包形式,也是最重要、最基本的物流服务形式。

随着服务层次和项目种类的扩展,传统物流逐步向第三方物流转变,管理层面的物流服务主要指库存控制、物流预测、采购计划等的高级物流服务。

目前规划层主要指的是对物流网络、物流体系的规划设计,包括物流设施选择、仓库配送中心选址。

在利用所有的第三方物流服务的基础上,提供增值的创新服务。

第三方物流有别于传统的仓储、运输类企业,其营销具有鲜明的特点。

在物流服务的初期,第三方物流企业的中心在于降低物流成本,提高物流水平,不断拓展服务范围,使客户企业建立依赖性,逐步加大信息技术、管理人才的投入,在合作的过程中提供个性化差异化的服务。

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我国第三方物流现状分析的文献综述
摘要:
随着世界经济和现代科学技术的迅猛发展,物流产业作为国民经济中的一个新兴服务部门,正在全球范围内迅速发,而我们的第三方物流正是在这个环境下茁壮成长。

本文针对我国第三方物流的发展现状进行讲述,对问题进行了分析并提出建议,展示了其对经济发展的促进作用,让我们更好的了解我国的第三方物流。

关键词:第三方物流,现状,促进作用,建议
引言:
第三方物流Third Party Logistic),简称为TPL或者3PL,最初是由欧美一些发达国家的外包业务融人物流产业中形成的。

从字面上理解,第三方物流中的第三方是充当了委托人与收货人之间的这种衔接角色,其本身不生产商品,也不拥有商品,不直接参与实际的商品买卖,仅仅通过一种合作机制来为第一方和第二方提供专业化的物流服务,它具有一定的社会角色,处于客户与商家之间的供应链关系之中。

自从进入21世纪,随着作为新兴产业之一现代物流业的迅猛发展,国内的物流公司如雨后春笋般涌现,进而形成了第三方物流产业。

相比传统的物流公司,第三方物流更专业化,综合成本更低,配送效率更高,已经成为国际物流业发展的趋势、社会化分工和现代物流发展的方向。

一.第三方物流的产生:
20世纪80年代后期,欧美发达国家首先提出了第三方物流,即将业务外包引入到物流领域。

根据美国物流协会于2002年出版的《物流术语词条2002年升级版》,其将第三方物流定义为:将企业的全部或部分物流运作任务外包给专业公司管理经营,能为顾客提供多元化物流服务的专业公司称为第三方物流提供商。

由此可知,第三方物流其实是种委托—代理关系,物流外包方是委托方,第三方物流公司是代理方,通过契约的方式确定双方的权利和义务。

而我国第三方物流概念是从20世纪90年代引进的物流产业模式中逐渐形成的,国内学者把第三方物流分为广义的第三方物流和侠义的第三方物流。

广义的第三方物流是指以商品交易之外的为商品的流通提供专业化物流服务的第三方企业。

狭义的第三方物流是指由物流需求的供需双方之外的第三方为物流需求提供商品物流服务的物流商业模式。

二.我国第三方物流发展现状及问题
第三方物流作为企业作业管理的协作者、物流服务的整合者以及物流外包的契约人,日趋成为现代物流主流服务模式。

一个国家第三方物流发展水平代表着本国物流的发展进程。

而在全国经济快速发展的新形势下,大力发展以第三方物流为特征的现代物流服务既是推动我国经济质量升级的一条重要渠道,也是我国传统运输物流企业转型的必然要求。

目前,我国第三方物流发展的主要特征有:
第一,总体规模偏小、发展潜力巨大。

总体上讲,第三方物流在我国尚且处于起步阶段,企业物流和公众物流服务仍然是社会物流的主要形式,严格意义上的第三方物流有效需求不足的局面短时期难以明显改观。

同时,第三方物流在中国已经有了大约十年的探讨过程和发展过程,在全球经济一体化影响下,中国正在成为第三方物流发展最迅速的国家之一。

第二,需求的不平衡性较强。

不同企业间的物流理念以及物流需求层次差异性很大,先进的与传统的物流模式并存。

一方面中国日趋成为全球制造业的中心,进入中国的先进制造
业和分销业产生高端的物流需求,第三方物流需求主要集中在外资领域。

这些企业物流理念先进、物流外包水平高、供应链管理要求严格且自主性较强,对第三方物流服务需求迫切、要求高。

从另一方面来看,我国物流社会化、专业化程度依然较低。

国内企业与外资企业物流形式、形态存在明显的差异。

第三,行业集中度较低。

据咨询机构的分析,2006年中国第三方物流市场大约有18000多个服务商和终端,排名前十位的服务商占市场总额仅13%(这可能是很粗略的估计),没有一家物流企业的市场份额超过2%,说明我国物流行业尚未实现充分的整合。

在竞争模式上主要体现在成本与价格竞争,而对第三方物流所带来的供应链增值效应关注不够,低水平的过度竞争成为我国第三方物流发展的瓶颈问题,大家在行业中都能感觉到这种竞争压力。

物流企业规模小;物流观念落后,自办物流现象突出;现代物流知识和专业物流管理人才匮乏;设备陈旧落后;服务功能不全。

这些都是我国第三方物流所存在的一些不足,从而导致了中国的第三方物流难以迅速发展,以致出现了多家企业自营物流。

但是,第三方物流服务提供商对外包有着清楚的认识,他们能为企业提过高效集约化的物流,更为注重对行业经验和运营控制能力的把握,能是企业集中精力于自身的核心产业,为企业省去不必要的开支,这必然能为企业带来更为长远的发展和效益。

三.我国第三方物流的经济促进作用
第三方物流在我国发展时间较短,目前我国第三方物流产业还不完全成熟,但它所带来的经济效益却也是不容忽视的。

它所带来的优势主要可分为以下几点:1.第三方物流使企业更加合理的利用资源进行核心业务的拓展;2.第三方物流使企业可以灵活掌握新技术。

加强库存管理,降低经营成本;3.第三方物流可以使企业减少固定资产投资,加速资本周转;4.第三方物流提供灵活多样的客户服务。

为客户创造了更多价值。

具体来说,第三方在我们的经济发展中有着不可磨灭的痕迹。

我国零售业、畜产品供应链、电子废弃物回收、欠发达地区物流系统等都离不开第三方物流所带来的巨大便利。

我国加入WTO后,随着我国政府逐步放宽对外资零售业进入中国市场的限制,世界零售巨头便都迫不及待地涌向了中国,外资零售业在中国的扩张速度十分迅速。

随着外资零售企业进入中国零售市场越来越容易,在我国市场大规模扩张,面对如此大规模的外资入侵,内资零售企业很可能失去原有的市场份额甚至被挤出市场的情况下,第三方物流很好的弥补了我国零售业原有的问题漏洞。

对于我国零售企业来说,现今最重要的任务是企业竞争力的增强和核心能力的建立,以应对外来人侵者、巩固市场地位、加速自身发展。

物流对其来说正是其竞争的非优势部分,而物流对其竞争力的增强和核心能力的建立又有着非同一般的辅助、保障和促进作用。

具体表现为降低了我国零售业的物流成本、提升了我国零售业的核心竞争力、提升了我国零售业的企业形象。

如同在零售业的实用效果,第三方物流在其他行业中也绽放了光彩,但它同时也有着一定的风险存在,如第三方物流企业提供的技术与信息风险、买卖双方交易价格过高的风险、第三方物流企业与买卖双方的信任风险和第三方物流使企业存在业务流程失控的风险等。

可是,相对于作用而言,这些风险尚在可以防范和处理的范围内,还需要我们的不断努力发展。

四.针对我国第三方物流的建议
1.政府在发展第三方物流中应采取的对策。

加大政府部门的支持力度,既要在规范市场准入标准的基础上,鼓励多元化投资主体进入物流服务市场,还要对工商登记、税征管制度等进行必要的调整,鼓励企业实现跨区域经营。

2.企业在发展第三方物流中应采取的对策。

加快产权制度改革,激发企业活力,建立股权多元化的股份制企业和完善的法人治理结构,理顺权益关系,实现政企分开、所有权和经
营权分离,保证企业按市场规则运作,激发企业活力,向现代物流业转化。

培育具有国际竞争力的物流集团,实行集约化经营,树立全国一盘棋的思想,整合物流企业,鼓励强强联合,组建跨区域的大型集团,参与国际市场竞争。

3.强化增值服务,发展战略同盟关系,企业能把信息技术和实施能力融为一体,提供“一站到位”的整体物流解决方案。

构建企业的核心竞争力,物流企业要在竞争中立于不败之地,要拓展服务范围,突出服务特色,保持合理的人力资源配置结构。

4.构建第三方物流信息平台。

物流公共信息平台以提供基础性公共服务为主。

要根据实际情况建立有形网络,建立信息网络,通过因特网、管理信息系统、数据交换技术等信息技术实现物流企业和客户共享资源。

5.加强物流专业技术人才的培养。

重视物流人才培养,实施人才战略,企业的竞争归根到底是人才的竞争。

我们与物流发达国家的差距,不仅仅是装备、技术、资金上的差距,更重要的是观念和知识上的差距。

只有物流从业人员素质不断提高,不断学习与应用先进技术、方法,才能构建适合我国国情的第三方物流业。

五.总结
我国第三方物流还算是刚刚起步,虽然带来了一些经济上的成效,但我们仍面临着一系列的问题。

为此,我们不能松懈,应该大力宣传第三方物流的作用和功能,创造良好的外部环境积极扶持和支持第三方物流企业发展。

相信在不久的将来,第三方物流的发展定会愈加完善。

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