高中英语语法要点易错点整理

高考语法要点和易错点

语法一====从句

从句的做题思路======》判定是什么从句

一、关于定语从句（前提：懂得判断是哪一种从句）

1．修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。

2．连接词that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/as

What/how>< 既起连接作用/有充当句子成分

3．先行词n./pron ---被定语从句修饰的

根据先行词选择连接词

物：which/that//whose

人：who/whom/that/whose

时间：when/which/that

地点：where/which /that

Reason: 从句完整why/for which；从句不完整which/that/--

Way: 从句完整in which/that/--; 从句不完整which/that/-

I don’t like the way you speak to your parents.

He found the way was reasonable to solve the problem.

答案：in which/that；which/that

当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的）

物：whose+n.=of which +the +n.=the +n.+of which

人：whose +n.=of whom +the +n.= the +n.+ of whom

The room, of which the window faces south is mine.

The girl, whose father died is our monitor.

4．只能用that 不能用which(重点前5种情况)

（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，the one 等。

All that can be done has been done.

（2）先行词被all, few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。

There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome.

（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese.

（4）先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时

This is the very book that I am looking for.

（5）当先行词既有人又有物时。

They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.

（6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。

China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.

（7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？

5．永远不用that ====介词/逗号之后

6．当先行词是时间/地点时when /where /that/which/--

When=介词+which=介词+时间

Where=介词+which = 介词+地点

Which/that= 时间/地点

当从句完整时，用When/ Where/介词+which

当从句不完整时，用which/that/--

e.g. I still remember the days that/which/-- we spent at the seaside last summer.

This is the factory in which/ where his parents used to work.

1.The library ___ students often study was on fire last night.

2.The library, ___ was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.

3.The library ____ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.

4.I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park.

5.I’ll never forget the time _________ I spent on campus.

6.I’ll n ever forget the time _____ was spent with you.

答案：where/in which；which/that；which/that；when/on which；that/which；_that/which

7. as与which的比较：

（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。

They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.

As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun.

（2）as“正如……，就像……”

Which “这一点/这个/这件事”

He is careless, which caused the accident.

He is late again, as/which we expected.

8. 当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，

This is the same book as you bought yesterday. 同一类

…………………… .that………………………同一个

This was so difficult a problem as we couldn’t work out.（后面句子不完整）

This was so difficult a problem that we couldn’t work it out.（后面句子完整）

This was such a difficult problem …………

9.另外，定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如：

①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0

②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher.

解析：在句①中，先行词foreigner被only修饰，强调只有一个，所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式，而在句②中，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students为复数，所以从句谓语动词应为复数。

感悟：学生之所以在这一点上经常出错，主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻，分辨不出主句和从句，对句子成分的把握也不到位，搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题，要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法，而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分，这样才能对症下药，快速准确地找到瓿之所在。

二、名词性从句

主语从句What I say is true

宾语从句He won’t believe what I say.

表语从句That is what I said.

同位语从句I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.

区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。

I have forgotten where we went yesterday.