教育部命题组:2020和2019高考英语命题区别解读

教育部命题组:2020和2019高考英语命题区别解读
教育部命题组:2020和2019高考英语命题区别解读

教育部命题组:2020和2019高考英语命题区别解读

一、对2019年高考英语解读

教育部考试中心命题专家介绍,今年高考英语命题立足全面发展育人目标,落实构建德智体美劳全面培养教育体系,依据高考评价体系的总体要求,以立德树人为教育根本任务,进一步深化考试内容改革,严格控制试卷难度,在为高校选拔人才服务的同时引导中学英语教学和素质教育。2020年,教育部考试中心依据考试大纲和考试说明命制了4套英语试卷,供27个省份使用。

1.立足全面发展育人,加强德智体美劳全面考查

教育部考试中心命题专家表示:2019年高考英语各套试卷的选材,围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力,取材广泛、体裁多样、时代性强,在巩固德育、坚守智育的基础上,加强对健康意识、审美情趣和劳动精神的考查。

在关注体育锻炼方面,比如:全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解部分第二节语篇介绍呼吸新鲜空气和接近大自然有益于身心健康;全国Ⅰ卷短文改错语篇介绍作者如何通过一次小“意外”而喜欢上足球运动。

这些语篇及所设置的相关试题在考查阅读理解或英语语言综合运用能力的同时,体现了关注体育锻炼、倡导健康意识的理念。

今年的高考英语试题将美育知识融入其中,比如:全国Ⅰ卷书面表达题目设置了考生得知伦敦的美术馆要举办中国画展览,给美术馆写信申请做志愿者的情境;全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解部分一个语篇以国外视角报道中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。

这些语篇通过在试题情境中融入中华优秀传统文化和美育知识,引导考生关注和提高审美情趣。

英语试题如何宣传劳动精神?据教育部考试中心命题专家介绍:全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解部分一个语篇介绍了4则面向学生的暑期工作公告;全国Ⅱ卷短文改错语篇介绍作者希望未来所从事的职业及喜欢的原因;这些语篇以积极工作为切入点,宣传劳动精神,引导考生培养劳动意识。

2.体现高考评价体系总体要求,重视学科素养养成

“2020年高考英语试题以英语学科听说读写四项关键能力为重心,突出交际、思辨和学习的学科素养导向。”教育部考试中心命题专家说,通过选择难度合适且与考生日常学习生活息息相关的语篇,将思维品质培养、和谐的人际交往以及关注生态环境保护等具有鲜明时代特征的理念融入到语言能力考查中。

在思维品质培养方面,比如:全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解部分一个语篇讲述一位小学教师通过组织学生演讲来帮助学生提高自信心的教学实践;全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解部分一个语篇介绍作者自己参与并鼓励他人参与志愿者工作的经历,论述了志愿者工作的独特意义。

今年的高考英语试题体现了倡导人际关系和谐的理念,比如:全国Ⅱ卷完形填空语篇通过介绍一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走失的宠物狗的故事,体现了和谐的人际关系;全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解部分第二节语篇介绍在选修网络课程时如何与授课教师建立健康有益的互动交流。

“在语篇的选择上,我们还注重关注自然和生态,探索人与自然的和谐相处之道,激发考生深入思考。”教育部考试中心命题专家举例说:全国Ⅰ卷完形填空语篇介绍了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地机构努力治理之后环境的改观。

3.深化内容改革,试题质量不断提升

“高考英语试卷结构保持稳定,全面考查综合语言运用能力。在试卷结构设计上既有针对各单项语言技能的专门考查,如听力部分、阅读理解部分和写作部分,又有针对综合语言技能的考查,如语言知识运用部分,体现了基础性和综合性的考查要求。”教育部考试中心命题专家说。

此外,在试题情境的设计上,既有基于考生进行真实口语交际的听力理解任务,又有需要考生发挥想象力和创造性的书面写作任务,体现了应用性和创新性的考查要求。

“高考英语各套试卷所采用篇章材料的难度水平呈阶梯分布,材料难度与往年基本持平。”教育部考试中心命题专家表示,题目类型多样且难易搭配合理,考查要点覆盖面广,试卷中难、较难、较易和容易各难度层级试题比例进一步优化;通过创新选择题设问方式及合理设置干扰项等方式,稳步提升试题命制质量。

二、对2020高考英语预测

2020年高考英语还是会将通过深度挖掘语篇材料思想内涵,突出对综合语言运用能力的考查,促进学生学习能力、交际能力、人文底蕴的养成。

如阅读理解部分可能选取科技创新、环境保护、一带一路、遗产保护等话题文章设计试题,引导学生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上深入思考人与自然、社会的关系,体悟和谐发展之道。

备考注意事项:

1.语法训练题要少做但要精做

从近年来高考改革趋势及英语语法试题命题的走向来看,“基础、常见、实用”这六字方针是语法试题的命题原则。所以我们首先应该加强基础、常见和实用的语法题目的训练,注重梳理。所以平时要对语法中的疑点、难点做好记录,并配合典型的语法练习题进行针对性的练习。要牢记“题不在多做,而在精做,举一反三,融会贯通”。

语法填空题的备考建议是,要加强知识储备能力,尤其是基础知识的储备。

在一轮复习的基础上需要继续加强对考纲所列出的3500词的记忆与复习,灵活掌握单词的拼写、词性、搭配及词义的拓展,要特别注意常考动词的特殊过去式和过去分词的变化情况。

语法知识方面尤其要掌握动词的时态、语态,非谓语动词的正确使用,名词的单复数,连词的选用以及形容词和副词的转换、比较级的正确使用等,当然介词、代词、冠词的基本用法也是考生必须要掌握的知识点。

2.语篇训练要多做并限时做

根据高考改革,英语高考越来越重视考查考生的阅读理解能力。考生在做阅读理解练习时,一定要根据高考试卷对阅读理解题限时的要求限定时间。

在选择正确答案时,要充分利用平常所学过的阅读技巧:如寻找主题句、猜词、推理、跳读、略读等获取所需要的信息。

除了教材,平时也要多阅读英语报纸杂志,增加自己的阅读量,提高对不同题材和体裁文章的熟悉度以便获取更多的背景知识和英美等西方国家的文化背景知识。

做给提示词类的题时,首先要分析句意和句子的结构,确定空格处该填谓语动词、非谓语动词还是其他词类。

如果要填谓语动词,要考虑动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致的问题;如果需要填非谓语动词,则要准确判断应该用哪种形式的非谓语动词;若是词性的变化,那就要考虑空格处应填的是形容词、副词还是名词等。纯空格类题目的特征是以虚词为主,而且只能填一个单词,

包括介词、冠词、连词等。

考生在做题时一定要根据句意和逻辑关系,做到意义完整、逻辑通顺、形式正确。

为此,考生在备考阶段要注意培养和提高语篇理解能力、逻辑思维能力和语言的运用能力。

3.利用阅读语篇复习词汇、句型和语法

在做完限时阅读后,建议将短文重新再看一遍,对文章所出现的词汇、短语进行及时归纳和总结。语篇不仅为我们提供了丰富的语言文化背景知识及交际背景,而且学生可根据上下文的内容进行猜词,推理完成对语篇的理解,并带动单词、短语和句型的复习,形成较为流畅的语言表达习惯,为写作打下基础。同时,阅读也是记忆单词的好方法。

事实上,孤立的单词是不容易记忆的,如果把它们放在一定的语言环境中联系上下文,就便于认识和记忆,并且词义记得准确、清楚。

4.重视写作能力的培养

书面表达能力的提高一方面需要大量阅读,另一方面离不开反复地进行语言基本功的训练。而英语写作能力的培养必须由简到繁,由易到难,由浅入深,循序渐进地进行训练。平时强化词汇、语法知识的运用,背诵一定篇数的经典范文,并在此基础上多读、多写,养成良好的写作习惯。

考生应该加强审题的训练,熟悉英语的五种简单基本句型,写好英语简单句。背课文和范文佳作,并且模仿其中的高级表达,学会使用这些高级表达来润色自己的文章。熟悉和了解高考书面表达的评分标准以及得分档次。加强书写的工整和美观。

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