非谓语动词done和having-been-done的区别
非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解
非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。
动词-ing形式的要点1．-ing的形式2.-ing形式的基本用法(1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking.(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做…事”之如do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解常见的带介词to的短语：be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意(4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old.(5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
常用非谓语用法大总结
非谓语用法总结一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：1.不定式（1）基本形式：to do 表示主动，并且一般表示将来（2）被动式：to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来(3）进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行（4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成（5）完成被动式：to have been done 表示被动和完成（6）完成进行式：to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行2。
动名词（1）基本形式：doing 表示主动（2）被动式：being done 表示被动（3)完成式：having done 表示主动和完成（4）完成被动式：having been done 表示被动和完成3.现在分词（1）基本形式：doing 表示主动和进行（2）被动式：being done 表示被动和进行(3）完成式：having done 表示主动和完成（4)完成被动式：having been done 表示被动和完成4.过去分词(1）done，及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；（2）不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成三、专题要点非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1。
动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2。
只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词；4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语；5。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别；6。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别；7。
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8。
动名词的复合结构在句中作状语；9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语；11。
非谓语动词 分词
现在分词作宾补
1. 放在感官动词：一感，二听，五看 (feel; hear, listen to; see, watch, notice, observe, look at)后面 现在分词表示动作正在发生，还没结束 不带to的不定式表示动作发生了，即结束了 2. catch/ set/ leave/ keep sb. doing sth 表示主动 Tom is a lazy boy. I often catch him sleeping in class.(sleep) The joke set us all laughing .(laugh)
Exercise
1. The officers narrowly escaped ____ in the hot battle. A have killed B to kill C to be killed D being killed 2. I don’t feel like ___ that with them. A do B to do C being done D doing
3. being done： 正在被… The question being discussed is important.
过去分词
4. having been done： 表示已经被… Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 5. Done： 被…表示特征或性质 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
分词作定语
分词短语 作后置定语，放在被修饰的名词后 单个分词 作前置定语，放在被修饰的名词前
非谓语动词讲解
I can‟t go out with these dishes to wash. She fell asleep with the light burning. He worked with the door closed. Don‟t stand with your hands in your pockets. She sleeps with the window open. With John away, we‟ve got more room. 不定式 分词（现在分词、过去分词）
3.当做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的 承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态， 但含义不同 Do you have anything to send? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
To study a foreign language, one needs practice.
独立主格结构 定义：非谓语结构带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作 状语。 特点：①…的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在 ②独立主格中的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、 副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系 ③独立主格结构后一般有逗号与句子分开。 构成：①名词（代词）+现分/过分 ②名词（代词）+形容词 ③名词（代词）+副词 ④名词（代词）+不定式⑤名词（代词）+介词短语 ⑥with/without+名词（代词）+宾补
非谓语动词分类
不定式 (to) do
非谓语动词
动名词 doing 分词 现在分词 doing
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
动词不定式1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。
例如：1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn´t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, （其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.）help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.6）状语：in order toA．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
非谓语动(现在分词和过去分词)
非谓语动词——现在分词一、定义现在分词是由v+ing构成，具有动词的特征，在功能上具有adj.和adv.的特点，在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。
之前，即，not dong/not being done/not having done/not having been done.但在having done结构中，never应放在having和done之间，即，having never done。
翻译：Having never been there/Not having been there, I can’t tell you what the place is like.1.一般式：由v+ing构成，语态上表现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，在时间上表示进行或与谓语动词同时发生/存在的动作或状态。
填空：1) The girl ______(sing) for us is ten years old.2) _______(wear) a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.2. 完成式：having+done，语态上表示该现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，在时间上表示已完成或先于谓语动词的动作或状态。
填空：1) _______(receive) the letter, I know everything is all right.2) ________(have) my supper, I went out for a walk.3. 被动式：1）being done 2）having been done，语态上表示该现在分词短语与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系；时间上being done表示和谓语动词同时发生，having been done表示在谓语动词之前已发生或完成。
填空：The building _________(build) will be completed next year.三、现在分词的用法及功能（一）作定语1. 现在分词作定语时其逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词。
非谓语动词的 9 种形式
非谓语动词 17done -ing to do 被动主动被动主动完成式一般式to do doing doneto be done being done to have done have done to have been donehaving been done having be done have done have been done51被动之前having been done主动之前having done 被动同时being done 主动同时(基本同时)doing (和主语)主被动(与谓语比)时间先后-ing 作状语★必背使役动词make,、let 、have+do(省略了感官动词see/ watch/hear/feel1： +do(一般现在和一般过去，不强调正在进行都可用)I saw the boys fight with each other yesterday.PS: 被动态时需要还原“to ”The boys were seen to fight with each other yesterday.2: +doing （强调正在进行）The girl reported seeing a beautiful bird flying toward the window. 14非谓语动词题目三步走：⏹是否已存在另一个动作（不管前面还是后面）⏹主被动关系⏹时间先后顺序◆习题 ◆⏹S he reached the top of the hill andstopped on a big rock to see the rising sun.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest⏹Y ou were brave enough to raiseobjections at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done⏹T hey knew her very well. They hadseen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow⏹I’ve heard him _ about you often.A. talkedB. talksC. talkD. to talk⏹I f you think that treating a womanwell means always _ her permission for things,think again. (06湖南) A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting⏹H e walked down the hills, _ softly tohimself。
怎样区分非谓语充当各种句子成分
•④ • to be done(to do一般被动)：即将被做 • being done（动名词一般被动）：正在被做 • done（过去分词）：已被做完，或表示完成 • having been done（现在分词完成被动）：非限
定定，逗号与被修饰词隔开。
• 试辨析
• The question to be discussed tomorrow involves pollution.
• The question, having been discussed for many years, has now been solved.
• 2)短暂性动词的ing形式一般式一般不可以作后置定语。 • Most of the people being invited to the party were famous scientists. • Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. • 3)being+adj不能单独作后置定语 • Anyone being fit for this job can sign your name here. • Anyone(who is) fit for this job can sign your name here.
room • ③现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动 • 单个分词作定语往往放在被修饰词前面，分词短语多置于被修饰词
后面 • Fallen leaves falling tree changed situation changing situation • Developed country developing country boring meeting broken cup • The man reading the newspaper there is our English teacher. • The English spoken in America is a little different from that in
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
动词不定式1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。
例如：1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn´t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, （其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.）help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in.6）状语：in order toA．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
非谓语动词做状语
3. Discuss them with your partners, then answer the following questions and fill them in the form. 1. 非谓语动词的什么形式做状语？ 2. 非谓语动词与主语之间的关系？ 3. 一，二类大题中的非谓语动词与谓语动词 的先后顺序
（四）判动词先后
Following the old man, the young people 1.________ started walking slowly. A.Followed B. Following C. To follow D. Having followed 2.Having ______________ the fruit, the girl became swallowed pregnant and gave a birth to a handsome boy. A.Having swallowed B. Swallowing C. To swallow
主语 谓语 宾
The girl dancing in the hall is Mary. Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
非谓语动Байду номын сангаас （状语）
观察下列例句, 找出非谓语动词, 并且判断做 什么成分 (时间状语 )
1. Asked why he did it, he said it was his duty. 2. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (原因状语) 3. Working hard, you will do well in your exams.
非谓语动词，不是做谓语的动词。当句中已经有了谓语 Analyze the sentence：划分句子结构 动词，并且句中没有连词时，需要用非谓语动词了。
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非谓语动词done和having been done的区别
上传: 张雪平更新时间：2012-5-9 阅读：15
过去分词done表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作完成。
If heated, water is changed into vapour.
如果加热水就会汽化。
现在分词被动语态完成式having been done表示（1）被动动作，（2）动作已在谓语动词的动作之前发生或完成。
Having been shown around the lab, the guests were taken to see the library.
客人们参观完了实验室后又被带去看图书馆。
句中having been shown意在强调它发生于谓语动词were taken之前。
下面可以通过一个典型的例句来理解：
“文件打好了以后就发出去了。
”
只能译成：Having been typed, the papers were sent out.
若译成“Being typed, the papers were sent out”就意味着“边打边发”；
若译成“Typed, the papers were sent out”又意味着“凡是打好文件，它们就被发出去。
” 都背离了愿意。
done 和having been done 的区别(2011-01-26 20:33:55)转载▼
标签：高考英语英语教学杂谈分类：英语学习
1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。
两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。
”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；
例如：
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.
（分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词）
Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled.
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义）
2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。
The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success.
They are problems left over by history.
完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。
如：
我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.
而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.
但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。
如：
Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。
Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。
The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)
3. 如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多
次，请看例句：
(1)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.
妙语点睛：
分词完成式having been bitten在谓语动作refused之前已经重复过两次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。
【译文】
邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。
这一点在现在分词主动完成式中也一样，如：
(2)Having failed three times, he didn't want to try again.
妙语点睛：
分词完成式having failed在谓语动作want之前已经重复过三次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。
【译文】
已经失败了三次，他不想再试了。