激光传感器制作入门篇
激光传感器的工作原理
激光传感器的工作原理激光传感器是一种基于激光技术的高精度、高灵敏度的测量设备，广泛应用于工业、环保、医疗、能源等领域。
本文将介绍激光传感器的工作原理及其应用。
一、激光传感器的基本组成激光传感器由三部分组成：发光器、接收器和信号处理器。
其中发光器负责发射激光信号，接收器负责接受反射回来的信号，信号处理器负责处理接收到的信号并输出测量结果。
二、激光传感器的工作原理激光传感器主要利用激光在介质中的传播和反射特性来进行测量。
具体工作原理如下：1.光的传播激光发射器向待测物体发射激光束，激光束在空气中传播时几乎不会发生散射和吸收，因此激光束的能量保持不变，能够远距离传播。
2.光的反射当激光束照射到待测物体表面时，一部分能量会被物体吸收或散射，但大部分能量会被物体表面反射回来。
这些反射光线会被接收器接收到，进而通过信号处理器进行分析。
3.测量距离通过测量激光束从发射器到物体表面的时间差，可以计算出距离。
激光束发射后，经过一段时间后，接收器会接收到反射回来的信号。
利用光速恒定的特性和时间差可以求出物体表面距离。
三、激光传感器的优点和应用激光传感器具有高精度、高灵敏度、广测量范围、快速反应等优点。
它可以被广泛应用于下列领域中：1.工业制造：激光传感器可以被用于精度高、速度快的零件检测、定位和测量。
可以用于测量机床加工时工件的距离和位置，以保证加工精度。
2.环境监测：激光传感器可以快速准确地测量大气、水资源、土壤等环境参数，例如通过测量水位来监测洪水。
3.医疗应用：激光传感器可以被应用于眼科手术、血糖测量和激光治疗等方面，广泛用于临床医学。
4.能源领域：激光传感器可以被用于监测油井的油气流量、井口压力，以及发电站锅炉的水位、流量和压力等。
激光传感器具备高精度、稳定可靠、快速响应等优点，应用范围广泛，是现代传感技术的重要研究方向之一。
四、激光传感器的分类激光传感器可以按照测量方式、应用行业和工作原理等不同标准分类。
Banner Engineering Q4X 激光传感器快速入门指南说明书
Quick Start GuideClass 1 laser CMOS sensor with a bipolar (1 PNP & 1 NPN) output. Patent pending.This guide is designed to help you set up and install the Q4X Sensor. For complete information on programming, performance, troubleshooting, dimensions, and accessories, please refer to the Instruction Manual at BannerEngineering website. Search for p/n 181483 to view the manual. Use of this document assumes familiarity with pertinentindustry standards and practices.WARNING: Not To Be Used for Personnel ProtectionNever use this device as a sensing device for personnel protection. Doing so could lead to serious injury or death. This device does not include the self-checking redundant circuitry necessary to allow its use in personnel safety applications. A sensor failure or malfunction can cause either an energized or de-energized sensor output condition.FeaturesFigure 1. Sensor Features1.Output Indicator (Amber)2.Display3.Buttons2The display is a 4-digit, 7-segment LED. The main screen is the Run Mode screen, which shows the current distance to the target in millimeters.1.Stability Indicator (STB = Green)2.Active TEACH Indicators•DYN = Dynamic (Amber)•FGS = Foreground Suppression (Amber)•BGS = Background Suppression (Amber)••Off—Outputs not conducting (open)Stability Indicator (STB)•On—Stable signal within the specified sensing range•Flashing—Marginal signal, the target is outside the limits of the specified sensing range, or a multiple peak condition exists•Off—No target detected within the specified sensing rangeQ4X Stainless Steel Laser SensorActive TEACH Indicators (DYN, FGS, and BGS)•DYN, FGS, and BGS all off = Two-point TEACH mode selected (default)•DYN on = Dynamic TEACH mode selected•FGS on = Foreground suppression TEACH mode selected •BGS on = Background suppression TEACH mode selectedButtonsUse the sensor buttons (SELECT)(TEACH), (+)(LO/DO), and (-)(MODE)to program the sensor.(SELECT)(TEACH)•Press to select menu items in Setup mode•Press and hold for longer than 2 seconds to start the currently selected TEACH mode (the default is two-pointTEACH)(+)(LO/DO)•Press to navigate the sensor menu in Setup mode•Press to change setting values; press and hold to increase numeric values•Press and hold for longer than 2 seconds to switch between light operate (LO) and dark operate (DO)(-)(MODE)•Press to navigate the sensor menu in Setup mode•Press to change setting values; press and hold to decrease numeric values •Press and hold for longer than 2 seconds to enter Setup modeNOTE: When navigating the menu, the menu items loop.Laser Description and Safety InformationCAUTION: Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure. Do not attempt to disassemble this sensor for repair. A defective unit must be returned to the manufacturer.Class 1 LasersClass 1 lasers are lasers that are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation, including the use of opticalinstruments for intrabeam viewing.Laser wavelength: 655 nm Output: < 0.20 mWPulse Duration: 7 µs to 2 msQ4X Stainless Steel Laser SensorInstallationInstall the Safety LabelThe safety label must be installed on Q4X sensors that are used in theUnited States.NOTE: Position the label on the cable in a location that has minimal chemical exposure.1.Remove the protective cover from the adhesive on the label.2.Wrap the label around the Q4X cable, as shown.3.Press the two halves of the label together.Figure 3. Safety Label InstallationSensor OrientationOptimize detection reliability and minimum object separation performance with correct sensor-to-target orientation. Toensure reliable detection, orient the sensor as shown in relation to the target to be detected.Figure 4. Optimal Orientation of Target to SensorSee the following figures for examples of correct and incorrect sensor-to-target orientation as certain placements may pose problems for sensing some targets. The Q4X can be used in the less preferred orientation and provide reliable detection performance; see Figure 10 on page 8 for the minimum object separation distance required for each case.Figure 5. Orientation by a wallFigure 6. Orientation for a turning objectIncorrectCorrect Figure 7. Orientation for a height difference HorizontalOrientation Vertical OrientationFigure 8. Orientation for a color or luster differenceQ4X Stainless Steel Laser SensorSensor Mounting1.If a bracket is needed, mount the sensor onto the bracket.2.Mount the sensor (or the sensor and the bracket) to the machine or equipment at the desired location. Do nottighten at this time.3.Check the sensor alignment.4.Tighten the screws to secure the sensor (or the sensor and the bracket) in the aligned position.Wiring Diagram+–NOTE:Open lead wires must be connected to a terminal block.5Key1 = Brown2 = White3 = Blue4 = Black5 = GrayNOTE: The input wire function is user-selectable; see the Instruction Manual for details. The default for the input wire function is off (disabled).Cleaning and MaintenanceHandle the sensor with care during installation and operation. Sensor windows soiled by fingerprints, dust, water, oil, etc.may create stray light that may degrade the peak performance of the sensor. Blow the window clear using filtered,compressed air, then clean as necessary using water and a lint-free cloth.Sensor ProgrammingProgram the sensor using the buttons on the sensor or the remote input (limited programming options).In addition to programming the sensor, use the remote input to disable the buttons for security, preventing unauthorized or accidental programming changes. See the Instruction Manual for more information.Setup ModeMODE SELECT SELECT to select a submenu option and return to the top menu, or press SELECT for longer than 2 seconds to select a submenu option and return immediately to Run mode.To exit Setup mode and return to Run mode, navigate toand press SELECT .Q4X Stainless Steel Laser Sensortwo-point static BGS dynamic BGSone-point BGSone-point Window (FGS)set Response Speed to 1.5 ms set Response Speed to 3 ms set Response Speed to 10 ms set Response Speed to 50 msset Response Speed to 25 ms off: no delays enabledenable on and/or off delay (set value in Delay Timer menu)1 Shot, fixed output pulse durationLO = On pulse when a target is detected inside of the switch point(s)DO = On pulse when a target is detected outside of the switch point(s)near: set zero displayed value to end of 18 mm barrel far: set zero displayed value to maximum detection rangesec range, set Delay Timer value (seconds have decimal)Gain menu is available when Response Speed is set to 10, 25 or 50 mslaser off when pulled low set: Remote Teach input off: remote teach input is not active master slavedisplay ondisplay on, inverteddisplay off (enters sleep mode after 60 seconds)display off, inverted (enters sleep mode after 60 seconds)end: select to exit setupno: do not reset to factory defaults yes: reset to factory defaultson: move the zero point after each teach off: zero point is either at end of barrel or maximum detection range to( default setting)high excess gain modestandard excess gain with increased noise immunitywhen is selected,1 to 9 ms is range available when Response Speed is Figure 9. Sensor Menu MapQ4X Stainless Steel Laser SensorBasic TEACH InstructionsUse the following instructions to teach the Q4X sensor. The instructions provided on the sensor display vary depending on the type of TEACH mode selected. Two-point TEACH is the default TEACH mode.1.Press and hold TEACH for longer than 2 seconds to start the selected TEACH mode.2.Present the target.3.Press TEACH to teach the target. The target is taught and the sensor waits for the second target, if required by theselected TEACH mode, or returns to Run plete steps 4 and 5 only if required for the selected TEACH mode:4.Present the second target.5.Press TEACH to teach the target. The target is taught and the sensor returns to Run mode.See the Instruction Manual for detailed instructions and other available TEACH modes. The TEACH modes include:•Two-point static background suppression —Two-point TEACH sets a single switch point. The sensor sets the switch point between two taught target distances, relative to the shifted origin location.•Dynamic background suppression—Dynamic TEACH sets a single switch point during machine run conditions. The sensor takes multiple samples and the switch point is set between the minimum and the maximum sampled distances.•One-point window (foreground suppression)—One-point window sets a window (two switch points) centeredaround the taught target distance.•One-point background suppression—One-point background suppression sets a single switch point in front of the taught target distance. Objects beyond the taught switch point are ignored.Manual Adjustments1.or2.PressNOTE: When FGS mode is selected (the FGS indicator is on), manual adjustment moves both sides of the symmetrical threshold window simultaneously, expanding and collapsing the window size. Manual adjustment does not move the center point of the window.Light Operate/Dark OperateThe default output configuration is light operate. To switch between light operate and dark operate, use the following instructions:1.Press and hold LO/DO for longer than 2 seconds. The current selection displays.2.Press LO/DO again. The new selection flashes slowly.3.Press SELECT to change the output configuration and return to Run mode.NOTE: If neither SELECT nor LO/DO are pressed after step 2, the new selection flashes slowly for a few seconds, then flashes quickly and the sensor automatically changes the output configuration and returns to Run mode.Locking and Unlocking the Sensor ButtonsUse the lock and unlock feature to prevent unauthorized or accidental programming changes. When locked,displays when the (SELECT)(TEACH) button is pressed. The switch point displays when (+)(LO/DO) or (-)(MODE) arepressed, butdisplays if the buttons are pressed and held.To lock or unlock the sensor using the buttons, press and hold orflashes,depending on the previous status.Q4X Stainless Steel Laser SensorSpecificationsSensing BeamVisible red Class 1 laser, 655 nmSupply Voltage (Vcc)10 to 30 V dcPower and Current Consumption, exclusive of load < 675 mWSensing Range25 mm (0.98 in) to 300 mm (11.81 in)Output ConfigurationBipolar (1 PNP & 1 NPN) outputOutput RatingOff-state leakage current: < 5 µA at 30 V dcPNP On-state saturation voltage: < 1.5 V dc at 100 mA load NPN On-state saturation voltage: < 1.0 V dc at 100 mA load Remote InputAllowable Input Voltage Range: 0 to VccActive Low (internal weak pullup—sinking current): Low State < 2.0 V at 1 mA max.Supply Protection CircuitryProtected against reverse polarity and transient over-voltages Beam Spot SizeTable 1: Beam Spot SizeTemperature Effect0.05 mm/°C at 125 mm0.35 mm/°C at 300 mmExcess GainTable 2: Excess Gain ( Excess Gain1)Connector5-pin Euro M12 Integral ConnectorConstructionHousing: 316 L stainless steelLens cover: PMMA acrylicLightpipe and display window: polysulfone Response SpeedUser selectable:•—1.5 milliseconds•—3 milliseconds•—10 milliseconds•—25 milliseconds•—50 millisecondsDelay at Power Up< 750 msAmbient Light Immunity> 5,000 luxMaximum TorqueSide mounting: 1 N·m (9 in·lbs)Nose mounting: 20 N·m (177 in·lbs)VibrationMIL-STD-202G, Method 201A (10 to 60 Hz, 0.06 in (1.52 mm) double amplitude, 2 hours each along X, Y and Z axes), with sensor operatingShockMIL-STD-202G, Method 213B, Condition I (100G 6x along X,Y and Z axes, 18 total shocks), with sensor operatingEnvironmental RatingIEC IP67 per IEC60529IEC IP68 per IEC60529IEC IP69K per DIN40050-9Chemical CompatibilityCompatible with commonly used acidic or caustic cleaningand disinfecting chemicals used in equipment cleaning andsanitation.Compatible with typical cutting fluids and lubricating fluidsused in machining centersOperating Conditions−10 °C to +50 °C (+14 °F to +122 °F)35% to 95% relative humidityStorage Temperature–25 °C to +75 °C (−13 °F to +167 °F)Application NoteFor optimum performance, allow 10 minutes for the sensorto warm upCertificationsClass 2 powerInd. Cont. Eq.3TJJUL Environmental Rating: Type 1Class 2 Power supply/source to beprovided with 1A overcurrentprotection device. Power supply couldbe current limiting or an 1A externalfuse is required on the power output.ECOLAB® chemical compatibility pending on somemodels; contact Banner Engineering for details.• excess gain provides increased noise immunityQ4X Stainless Steel Laser SensorPerformance CurvesMinimum Separation Distance Between Target and Background for: Uniform and Non-Uniform TargetsM i n i m u m S e p a r a t i o n T a r g e t c k g r o u n d (m m )D i m e n s i oTarget Switch Point DistanceBackground246810121416182022Figure 10. Minimum Object Separation Distance (90% to 6% reflectance)Banner Engineering Corp. Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp.will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION,ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE.This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL,CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp.Q4X Stainless Steel Laser Sensor。
ifm激光传感器说明书
ifm激光传感器说明书
IFM激光传感器是一种高精度的光学传感器，通过激光束来测量目标物体的距离和位置。
它适用于工业自动化领域，可以广泛应用于物体定位、测距、测量和检测等方面。
IFM激光传感器的主要特点和功能如下:
1. 高精度测量: IFM激光传感器采用高精度的激光束，可以实现精确的距离测量，测量误差较小。
2. 宽测量范围: IFM激光传感器可以在较大的距离范围内进行测量，通常可以测量几米甚至更远的距离。
3. 高速测量: IFM激光传感器具有快速测量的能力，可以实时测量目标物体的位置和移动速度。
4. 多种测量模式: IFM激光传感器可以根据不同的应用需求选择不同的测量模式，如单点测量、连续测量和多点测量等。
5. 稳定可靠: IFM激光传感器采用优质的材料和制造工艺，具有良好的耐用性和稳定性，可以长时间稳定运行。
6. 易于安装和使用: IFM激光传感器通常采用小巧的设计，便于安装在各种设备和机器上，操作简单方便。
总之，IFM激光传感器是一种具有高精度、广泛应用和稳定可
靠的光学传感器，可为工业自动化领域提供精确的测量和检测功能。
激光位移传感器快速入门指南说明书
Quick Start GuideLaser displacement sensor that supports IO-Link communication with analog and discrete (switched) outputs.This guide is designed to help you set up and install the L-GAGE LM Analog/Discrete Laser Sensor. For complete information on programming, performance, troubleshooting, dimensions, and accessories, please refer to the Instruction Manual at . Search for p/n 205812 to view the manual. Use of this document assumes familiarity with pertinentindustry standards and practices.WARNING:•Do not use this device for personnel protection•Using this device for personnel protection could result in serious injury or death.•This device does not include the self-checking redundant circuitry necessary to allow its use inpersonnel safety applications. A device failure or malfunction can cause either an energized (on) or de-energized (off) output condition.Features and Indicators132Three LED indicators provide ongoing indication of the sensing status.1. Analog Output LED IndicatorSolid Amber = Displayed distance is within the taught analog output window Off = Displayed distance is outside the taught analog output window 2. Power LED IndicatorSolid Green = Normal operation, power On and laser OnFlashing Green (1 Hz) = Power On and laser Off (laser enable mode)3. Discrete Output LED IndicatorSolid Amber = Discrete Output is On Off = Discrete Output is OffLaser Description and Safety InformationCAUTION:•Return defective units to the manufacturer.•Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein mayresult in hazardous radiation exposure.•Do not attempt to disassemble this sensor for repair. A defective unit must be returned to themanufacturer.Class 2 Laser Models (LM150 Models)CAUTION:•Never stare directly into the sensor lens.•Laser light can damage your eyes.•Avoid placing any mirror-like object in the beam. Never use a mirror as a retroreflective target.For Safe Laser Use - Class 2 Lasers•Do not stare at the laser.•Do not point the laser at a person’s eye.•Mount open laser beam paths either above or below eye level, where practical.•Terminate the beam emitted by the laser product at the end of its useful path.Reference IEC 60825-1:2007, Section 8.2.L-GAGE ® LM Series Laser SensorOriginal Document 205811 Rev. D27 July 2020205811Class 2 LasersClass 2 lasers are lasers that emit visible radiation in the wavelength range from 400 nm to 700 nm, where eye protection is normally afforded by aversion responses, including the blink reflex. This reaction may be expected to provide adequate protection under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation, including the use of optical instruments for intrabeam viewing.LASER LIGHTDO NOT STARE INTO BEAMCLASS 2 LASER PRODUCTAcc to IEC 60825-1:2007.λ=640-670nm; P=0.45mWPW: 45-1,750msComplies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11Except for deviations pursuant to laser noticeNo. 50, Dated June 24, 2007.Figure 1. FDA (CDRH) warning label (Class 2)Class 2 Laser Safety NotesLow-power lasers are, by definition, incapable of causing eye injury within the duration of ablink (aversion response) of 0.25 seconds. They also must emit only visible wavelengths(400 to 700 nm). Therefore, an ocular hazard may exist only if individuals overcome theirnatural aversion to bright light and stare directly into the laser beam.Class 1 Laser Models (LM80 Models)Class 1 lasers are lasers that are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions ofoperation, including the use of optical instruments for intrabeam viewing.Figure 2. FDA (CDRH) warning label (Class 1) Laser wavelength: 655 nm Output: < 0.33 mW Pulse Duration: 45 µs to 1750 µsInstallation InstructionsSensor InstallationNote: Handle the sensor with care during installation and operation. Sensor windows soiled by fingerprints,dust, water, oil, etc. may create stray light that may degrade the peak performance of the sensor. Blow thewindow clear using filtered, compressed air, then clean as necessary using 70% isopropyl alcohol and cottonswabs or water and a soft cloth.Install the Safety LabelThe safety label must be installed on or near the LM sensors.Note:Position the label on the cable or near the sensor in a location that has minimal chemical exposure.Figure 3. Typical installation; other mounting options are possible.1.Remove the protective cover from the adhesive on the label.2.Wrap the label around the LM cable, as shown.3.Press the two halves of the label together. - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 205811 Rev. DSensor OrientationCorrect sensor-to-object orientation is important to ensure proper sensing. See the following figures for examples of correct and incorrect sensor-to-object orientation as certain placements may pose problems for sensing distances.Figure 4. Orientation by a wall IncorrectCorrect Figure 5. Orientation in an openingIncorrectCorrectFigure 6. Orientation for a turning objectIncorrectCorrectFigure 7. Orientation for a height difference IncorrectCorrectFigure 8. Orientation for a color or luster difference Figure 9. Orientation for a highly reflective targetApplying tilt to sensor may improve performance on reflective targets. The direction and magnitude of the tilt depends on the application, but a 15° tilt is often sufficient.Mount the Device1.If a bracket is needed, mount the device onto the bracket.2.Mount the device (or the device and the bracket) to the machine or equipment at the desired location. Do not tighten themounting screws at this time.3.Check the device alignment.4.Tighten the mounting screws to secure the device (or the device and the bracket) in the aligned position.Wiring Diagrams+–* Push-Pull output. User-configurable PNP/NPN setting.*Key 1 = Brown 2 = White 3 = Blue 4 = Black 5 = Gray+–* Push-Pull output. User-configurable PNP/NPN setting.*The bare shield wire is connected internally to the sensor housing and should be connected as follows:•If the sensor housing is mounted so that it is in continuity with both the machine frame and earth ground, connect the barewire (also) to earth ground.•If the sensor housing is mounted so that it is insulated from the machine frame and you are experiencing noise, connectingthe bare wire to -V dc (together with the blue wire), may help.•If the sensor is mounted so that it is in continuity with the machine frame, but not with earth ground, do not connect thebare wire (e.g. cut off the bare wire).P/N 205811 Rev. D - Tel: + 1 888 373 67673Configuration InstructionsSensor ProgrammingProgram the sensor using the buttons on the RSD1 remote sensor display accessory, via IO-Link, or the remote input (limited programming options).If you are using the RSD1 for programming, from Run mode, use the buttons to access the Quick Menu and the Sensor Menu. See the instruction manual (p/n 205812) for more information on the options available from each menu. For TEACH options, follow the TEACH instructions in the instruction manual.In addition to programming the sensor, use the remote input to disable the buttons for security, preventing unauthorized or accidental programming changes. See the instruction manual for more information.from Run Mode> 4 sec.Access Sensor Menu Access RSD1 MenuFigure 10. Accessing the MenusRemote Display Buttons and the LMUse the RSD1 buttons Down , Up , Enter , and Escape to view or change RSD1 settings and information and to program a connected sensor.Down and Up Buttons Press Down and Up to:•Access the Quick Menu from Run mode •Navigate the menu systems •Change programming settings•Change individual digit values in distance based settings When navigating the menu systems, the menu items loop.Press Down and Up to change setting values. Press and hold the buttons to cycle through numeric values. After changing a setting value, the value slowly flashes until the change is saved using the Enter button.Enter Button Press Enter to:•Access the Sensor Menu from Run mode •Access the submenus•Move right one digit in distance based settings •Save changesIn the RSD1 Menu, a check mark in the lower right corner of the display indicates that pressing Enter accesses a submenu.Press Enter to save changes. New values flash rapidly, and the sensor returns to the parent menu. - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 205811 Rev. DEscape ButtonPress and hold Escape for 4 seconds to:•Access the RSD1 Menu while in Run modePress Escape to:•Leave the current menu and return to the parent menuImportant: Pressing Escape discards any unsaved programming changes.In the RSD1 Menu, a return arrow in the upper left corner of the display indicates that pressing Escape returns to the parent menu.Press and hold Escape for 2 seconds to return to Run mode from the RSD1 Menu.Quick MenuThe sensor includes a Quick Menu with easy access to view and change the analog and discrete output switch points.Access the Quick Menu by pressing Down or Up from Run mode. When in the Quick Menu, the current distance measurement displays on the first line and the menu name and the analog value alternate on the second line of the display. Press Enter to access the switch points.Press Down or Up to change the switch point to the desired value.Press Enter to save the new value and return to the Quick Menu.* In Setpoint mode, SPt1 Pt is replaced by SPt and SPt2 Pt is not available.In Dual mode, SPt1 is replaced by DualSPt and SPt2 Pt is not available.Sensor Menu (MENU)Access the Sensor Menu by pressing Enter from Run mode. The Sensor Menu is also accessible from the Quick Menu: navigate to MENU and press Enter. The Sensor Menu includes several submenus that provide access to view and change sensor settings and to view sensor information.P/N 205811 Rev. D - Tel: + 1 888 373 67675SensorMenu Full MapFrom Run mode, press Enter to enter the top-level menu system (A_OUT, D_OUT, INPUT, MEASURE, etc).Top Menu* Factory default setting - Tel: + 1 888 373 6767P/N 205811 Rev. DSpecificationsSupply Voltage (Vcc)10 V dc to 30 V dcUse only with a suitable Class 2 power supply (North America) Power and Current Consumption, exclusive of loadNormal Run Mode: 1.5 W, Current consumption < 62 mA at 24 V dc Supply Protection CircuitryProtected against reverse polarity and transient overvoltages Ambient Light Immunity10,000 luxConstructionHousing: stainless steelWindow: acrylic Sensing BeamVisible red, 655 nmSensing RangeLM80: 40 to 80 mmLM150: 50 mm to 150 mmDelay at Power Up2.1 sMeasurement/Output Rate0.25 ms to 4 ms; user selectable from the Speed menu Output ConfigurationAnalog output: 4 to 20 mA (LM...I Models) or 0 to 10 V DC (LM...U Models)Discrete output: Push/Pull, IO-LinkOutput RatingsDiscrete Output: 50 mA maximum (protected against continuous overload and short circuit)Output saturation voltage (PNP): < 3 V at 50 mAOutput saturation voltage (NPN): < 2.5 V at 50 mAAnalog current output (LM...I Models): 500 Ω maximumAnalog voltage output (LM...U Models): 1000 Ω minimum Maximum Torque1.5 N·mRemote InputAllowable Input Voltage Range: 0 to VccActive Low (internal weak pullup—sinking current):High State: > 3.6 VLow State: < 2.4 VActive High (internal weak pulldown—sourcing current): High State: > Vcc - 2.9 VLow State: < Vcc - 4.6 VMinimum Window Size, Analog and DiscreteLM80:Analog: 1 mmDiscrete: 0.024 mmLM150:Analog: 1 mmDiscrete: 0.1 mm Analog ResolutionLM80: 0.002 mmLM150: 0.004 mmRepeatabilityLM80: ± 0.001 mm1LM150: ± 0.002 mm 2Analog and IO-Link LinearityLM80:40–70 mm: ± 0.02 mm70–80 mm: ± 0.03 mmLM150:50–120 mm: ± 0.06 mm120–150 mm: ± 0.07 mmIO-Link Accuracy3LM80: ± 0.175 mmLM150: ± 0.2 mmTemperature Effect, TypicalLM80: ± 0.006 mm/°CLM150: ± 0.008 mm/°CResponse TimeTotal response speed varies from 0.5 ms to 2048 ms, depending on base measurement rate and averaging settings.See Instruction Manual for more information.Minimum Object SeparationLM80:Uniform targets (6% to 90% reflectivity) 40–70 mm: 0.04 mmUniform targets (6% to 90% reflectivity) 70–80 mm: 0.06 mmNon-uniform targets (6% to 90% reflectivity): 0.4 mmLM150:Uniform targets (6% to 90% reflectivity) 50–120 mm: 0.120 mmUniform targets (6% to 90% reflectivity) 120–150 mm: 0.140 mm Non-uniform targets (6% to 90% reflectivity): 0.8 mm Environmental RatingIEC IP67Operating Conditions–10 °C to +55 °C (+14 °F to +131 °F)90% at +55 °C maximum relative humidity (non-condensing) Storage Temperature–35 °C to 60 °C (–31°F to 140 °F)Boresighting± 0.70 mm at 40 mm± 0.87 mm at 50 mm± 1.40 mm at 80 mm± 2.62 mm at 150 mmVibration/Mechanical ShockMeets IEC 60947-5-2 (10 to 60 Hz max., double amplitude 0.06 in, max acceleration 10G. 30G 11 ms duration, half sine wave) Application NoteFor optimum performance, allow 10 minutes for the sensor to warm upCertificationsUL Type 1with 128× averaging. With 1× averaging, repeatability of ± 0.004 mm from 40 to 80 mm.with 128× averaging. With 1× averaging, repeatability of ± 0.005 mm from 50 to 120 mm and ± 0.010 mm from 120 to 150 mm.3The accuracy specification refers to the possible absolute offset when installing a sensor without taking any reference measurement.Linearity is the more relevant specification for most applications.P/N 205811 Rev. D - Tel: + 1 888 373 67677Typical Beam Spot Size4Required Overcurrent ProtectionWARNING: Electrical connections mustbe made by qualified personnel inaccordance with local and nationalelectrical codes and regulations.Overcurrent protection is required to be provided by endproduct application per the supplied table.Overcurrent protection may be provided with external fusing orvia Current Limiting, Class 2 Power Supply.Supply wiring leads < 24 AWG shall not be spliced.For additional product support, go to.FCC Part 15 and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B)This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B). Operation is subject to the following two conditions:1.This device may not cause harmful interference, and2.This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules and CAN ICES-3 (B)/NMB-3(B). These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.•Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.•Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.•Consult the manufacturer.Banner Engineering Corp. Limited WarrantyBanner Engineering Corp. warrants its products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for one year following the date of shipment. Banner Engineering Corp. will repair or replace, free of charge, any product of its manufacture which, at the time it is returned to the factory, is found to have been defective during the warranty period. This warranty does not cover damage or liability for misuse, abuse, or the improper application or installation of the Banner product.THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE), AND WHETHER ARISING UNDER COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR TRADE USAGE. This Warranty is exclusive and limited to repair or, at the discretion of Banner Engineering Corp., replacement. IN NO EVENT SHALL BANNER ENGINEERING CORP. BE LIABLE TO BUYER OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FOR ANY EXTRA COSTS, EXPENSES, LOSSES, LOSS OF PROFITS, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY PRODUCT DEFECT OR FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT, WHETHER ARISING IN CONTRACT OR WARRANTY, STATUTE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE, OR OTHERWISE.Banner Engineering Corp. reserves the right to change, modify or improve the design of the product without assuming any obligations or liabilities relating to any product previously manufactured by Banner Engineering Corp. Any misuse, abuse, or improper application or installation of this product or use of the product for personal protection applications when the product is identified as not intended for such purposes will void the product warranty. Any modifications to this product without prior express approval by Banner Engineering Corp will void the product warranties. All specifications published in this document are subject to change; Banner reserves the right to modify product specifications or update documentation at any time. Specifications and product information in English supersede that which is provided in any other language. For the most recent version of any documentation, refer to: .For patent information, see /patents.© Banner Engineering Corp. All rights reserved。
《激光式传感器》PPT课件
* 为了形成受激辐射，必须设法使某一高能级原子数多于
低能级的原子数。原子数的这种分布称为粒子的反转分布。 能形成粒子反转分布的工作介质称为增益介质。
* 光通过增益介质，由于受激辐射的光子数多于吸收而损
失的光子数而使光子数不断增加，强度不断增强，这一过 程称为光放大。
* 产生激光必须满足以下四个条件：
3.39μm
1.15μm
图4-124 氦氖激光器的原理 a〕构造图 b〕能级图
* 由于氦氖激光器
具有稳定性好，单色 性强，功率小和寿命 长等突出的优点，因 此是应用最广泛的一 种激光器。
*氦氖激光器由放电管
V和反射镜M1、M2
组成光学谐振腔，见 图4-124a。
* 半导体激光器的典型产品是以砷化镓〔GaAs〕为
会聚角最小，光束最准直，射得最远和相干性最好。
* 激光传感器可用于测量物体的几何尺寸、振动、位
移、速度、加速度、转角、方向、探伤及成分分析等。 由于具有精度高、量程范围宽、反响迅速、非接触、 抗干扰能力强和易于数字化等一系列优点，因此应用 极为广泛。
* 利用激光的高方向性制成的车速测量仪，是公路车
术，激光技术开展速度是十分惊人的，目前在生产和科 研等许多方面都已有很多应用。它的出现，不但使现代 光学应用技术出现了一个飞越，同时也促进了物理学和 其他相关科学的开展。
* 激光式传感器(Laser sensor)包括激光发生器、激光
接收器及其相应的有关电路。在这里，简单介绍一下激 光的产生、激光的特点以及激光器在检测方面的应用。
成受激辐射。
储能电容
限流电阻 图4-123 红宝石激光器的原理 a〕构造图 b〕能级图
1－全反射镜 2－红宝石棒 3－脉冲氙灯 4－聚光器 5－局部反射镜
激光传感器的工作原理及应用
激光传感器的工作原理及应用概述激光传感器是一种常见的光电传感器，利用激光束进行测量和探测。
它具有高精度、高灵敏度、非接触等特点，在工业自动化、机器人、安防监控等领域得到广泛应用。
本文将介绍激光传感器的工作原理以及其在不同领域的应用。
工作原理激光传感器的工作原理基于激光束的测距原理。
其核心部件是激光发射器、接收器和信号处理器。
1.激光发射器：激光传感器通过激光发射器产生并发射激光束。
激光束一般可以分为连续型和脉冲型两种。
连续型激光束是持续发射的，适用于距离较远的测量；脉冲型激光束则以脉冲的形式发射，适用于测量更近的距离。
2.接收器：激光传感器的接收器用于接收反射回来的激光束。
接收器通常包括光学透镜和光电探测器。
光学透镜用于聚焦激光束，而光电探测器则用于将激光转换为电信号。
3.信号处理器：激光传感器的信号处理器对接收到的电信号进行处理和分析，得出测量结果。
处理器可以根据接收信号的幅值、时序等信息计算出物体与激光传感器的距离、位置等参数。
应用领域激光传感器在各个领域都有广泛的应用。
以下是一些典型的应用案例：工业自动化•测距和测量：激光传感器可用于测量物体的距离、高度、宽度等参数，被广泛应用于机器人导航、机械加工、流水线控制等领域。
•检测和定位：激光传感器可以用于检测物体的位置、形状等特征，常用于自动控制、目标定位等系统。
•物体识别：激光传感器可以识别、辨别不同材料的物体，广泛应用于质量检测、物料分拣等场景。
安防监控•周界安防：激光传感器可以通过监测激光束是否被遮挡来实现周界安防，常用于仓库、园区等场所。
•运动检测：激光传感器可通过检测物体的运动来实现安防监控，常用于智能门禁、入侵报警等系统。
•人体检测：激光传感器可以识别和跟踪人体，用于人体计数、行为分析等应用场景。
环境监测•污染检测：激光传感器可以检测大气中的颗粒物，用于空气污染监测、工业排放监控等。
•温度测量：激光传感器可以通过测量物体表面的红外辐射来实现非接触式温度测量，常用于物体表面温度检测。
激光传感器工作原理
激光传感器工作原理激光传感器是一种利用激光技术进行测量和检测的传感器，它具有高精度、高灵敏度和快速响应的特点，被广泛应用于工业、医疗、环境监测等领域。
激光传感器的工作原理是基于激光的散射、反射、吸收等物理现象，通过测量激光的特性来实现对目标物体的测量和检测。
本文将从激光传感器的基本原理、工作过程和应用领域等方面进行介绍。
激光传感器的基本原理是利用激光的特性进行测量。
激光是一种具有高能量、高单色性和高方向性的光束，它可以在空间中传播并与物体发生相互作用。
当激光束照射到目标物体上时，会发生激光的散射、反射或吸收现象。
激光传感器利用这些现象来测量目标物体的距离、形状、表面特性等参数，实现对目标物体的检测和测量。
激光传感器的工作过程主要包括激光发射、激光与目标物体的相互作用、接收反射光信号和信号处理等步骤。
首先，激光传感器通过激光发射器发射一束激光束，该激光束照射到目标物体上并与目标物体发生相互作用，产生散射、反射或吸收现象。
然后，激光传感器的接收器接收目标物体反射回来的光信号，并将其转换为电信号。
最后，经过信号处理和数据分析，激光传感器可以得到目标物体的距离、形状、表面特性等信息。
激光传感器在工业、医疗、环境监测等领域有着广泛的应用。
在工业领域，激光传感器可以用于测量物体的距离、形状、表面粗糙度等参数，广泛应用于机器人、自动化生产线、三维扫描等领域。
在医疗领域，激光传感器可以用于医学影像、激光治疗、医疗仪器等方面，为医疗诊断和治疗提供了重要的技术支持。
在环境监测领域，激光传感器可以用于大气污染监测、水质监测、激光雷达等方面，为环境保护和资源管理提供了重要的技术手段。
综上所述，激光传感器是一种利用激光技术进行测量和检测的传感器，具有高精度、高灵敏度和快速响应的特点。
它的工作原理是基于激光的散射、反射、吸收等物理现象，通过测量激光的特性来实现对目标物体的测量和检测。
激光传感器在工业、医疗、环境监测等领域有着广泛的应用前景，将为各行业的发展和进步提供重要的技术支持。
传感器的制作方法
传感器的制作方法嘿，朋友！今天咱来唠唠传感器的制作方法哈，这可是独家秘籍哦，一般人我可不告诉他！首先啊，咱得准备好材料。
就好比你要做饭，那总得有菜有肉有调料吧。
咱做传感器也得有那些关键玩意儿。
这就像你去打架，手里没家伙事儿可不行。
然后呢，咱就开始动手啦！第一步，把那些零件啥的都摆好，就像给你的小兵们排兵布阵一样，可别弄乱了，不然等会儿你都找不着北。
接着，就该焊接啦！这焊接就好比给它们牵红线，让它们紧紧地连在一起，不离不弃的。
哎呀，可别手抖啊，一抖就像给它们牵错线啦，那可就乱套喽！我跟你说，我有次焊接的时候，手一抖，好家伙，差点把旁边的东西都给点着了，那场面，跟放烟花似的！焊接好了之后，咱得检查检查，看看有没有哪里没接好。
这就像你出门前得照照镜子，看看自己有没有穿得邋里邋遢的。
下面这步也很重要哦，就是给传感器装上外壳。
这外壳就像是给它穿了件衣服，保护它不受伤害。
你想啊，要是没件衣服，它不就赤裸裸地在那，多可怜呀。
再之后，就是调试啦！这调试就像是给你的爱车调调方向盘，得让它走得直直的，不能跑偏喽。
在调试的时候，你可得细心点，就像给女朋友选礼物一样，得用心。
要是马马虎虎的，那可不行。
我记得我有次调试，没仔细看，结果弄出来个四不像，哎呀，真是哭笑不得。
还有哦，在整个过程中，一定要注意安全。
别电着自己啦，别烫着自己啦，可别为了做个传感器把自己弄伤了，那可就得不偿失了。
等你都弄好了，嘿，一个属于你自己的传感器就诞生啦！就像你生了个宝贝一样，那种成就感，简直爆棚！总之呢，做传感器就是要有耐心，要细心，还要有点小技巧。
按照我说的这些步骤来，保准你能做出一个超级棒的传感器。
加油吧，朋友！快去试试，等你成功了，记得来跟我分享哦！哈哈！。
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手把手教你制作激光传感器
越升电子科技 jack_channel 在做激光之前，我们先来了解一下激光的分类，现在飞思卡尔智能车里面常用的有650nm波长的可见激光和980nm波长的红外激光（不可见，要用摄像头才能看到，神偷电影里面我们能经常看到它的身影），其中650nm波长的可见激光被大多数学校所接纳。
650nm激光主要为红色光斑的激光，规格有5mw，10mw，20mw，50mw，100mw以及超大功率的激光（这类激光杀伤力太大，就不一一介绍）
本文主要介绍5mw和20mw的，自11月24号开始，新的各种功率的激光引脚都一致。
如下图：
第一部分：固定激光头
第七届的新规则可能对激光的排布有了新的要求，这里我暂时以直线型排布为例子。
首先，要将激光对成一条直线，这个对手工要求挺高的，精度要求也高。
下面我以15个激光头，3个接收管，前瞻80cm的对焦为实例，我的方法是：
①焊激光头。
激光头有三个脚，有一个是固定脚，如果你不想你的激光烧的话，这第三脚最好不要跟正极或者负极接在一起；焊接的时候固定脚先不焊上去，另外两个引脚先焊上去（注意正负）；
②看激光光点（肯定是散乱的），然后洗手，用毛巾擦干净手，保持手是湿润就可以了（不要有太多水残留在手上，有条件的可以戴手套，一次性的那种就可以了）
③在一张白色纸上面均匀画上15个圆点，差不多就行了，间距自己定。
然后把激光传感器架起来（焊激光头部分跳过）。
④用手依次掰动激光管到指定位置（与之前画好的那些点一
一对应），当然这样只是暂时固定而已。
⑤进一步固定激光。
肉眼观察估测一下光点偏离目标点还差多少距离，然后关掉电源，用电烙铁加热激光头已经焊接上去的引脚，同时手动调整激光管（不要超过2秒，最好不要连续调整超过3次，这样容易导致激光性能下降）如果还需要进一步调整激光管，每次调整间隔至少5秒，并且采取一定措施给激光管降温。
⑥固定好激光管位置后，用502固定第三只引脚（引脚直接粘在焊盘洞口处）
⑦所有的激光管对成一条直线后（如果稍微有1~2mm的误差，可以不用理会或者用手稍微掰动一下），不建议使用AB胶固定！！
⑧AB胶凝固时间短，凝固后容易使激光管发生变形，简单来说就是会造成激光凝固后光点位置发生变化！！最好是使用一些凝固时间比较长（4~5小时），凝固效果好的胶！这样凝固后的激光管不会发生变形，能保证整排激光的直线性.本人推荐一种胶水：《农机胶》凝固时间为4个钟头，凝固效果非常好。
⑨也就是你的激光头做好之后，让激光放置4~5个钟头之后才开始对焦！
第二部分对焦
①首先保证激光是出于全发射状态，即不是处于分时发射状态（当然你可以选择关掉一些激光头省电），还有记得把调制信号也给激光.不然接收管可是接收不到漫反射回来的激光的。
下面我们以1接收对应5发射为例子。
②在这之前我们先来了解一下分时发射。
分时发射就是让激光头以流水灯的形式顺序发亮，也就是同一时刻只有一个或者几个激光头处于点亮的状态，由于间隔时间很短，肉眼只能看到激光稍微比正常点亮的时候稍暗了！这是正常的！你想想把流水灯的时间间隔缩小的us、ms级别的话，都看不出灯在闪了，只能看到等稍微暗了一点！分时发射的作用有几个：节省了传感器的数量，用发射管等效替代接收（比赛规则对发射管数量无限制）；省电，所有激光不是同时发射的；激光点亮的瞬间，会产生一个瞬间高压，能加强激光信号的瞬间强度，而瞬间高压对激光的损伤也是很大的，所以在电路设计里面要考虑瞬间高压的问题。
③然后，我们用黑色电工胶布把其余的激光头遮住，只剩下我们要用到的5个激光头，这5个激光头我们又遮住4个，这样做的原因是什么呢？为了确保同一个接收管下面的每一个激光头都能单独被接收管接收到。
不然你想一下，激光接收管有信号回来了，你却不知道是哪个激光头漫反
射回来的信号？这一步骤也是为后面的分时发射做准备的！
④这5个激光头我对他们进行编号，从左边开始分别是1号、
2号、3号、4号、5号。
首先对1号激光头进行对焦，
此时我们的接收管是处于这样的状态的，能看到接收管的后面，然后1号激光处于点亮状态，我们可以看到下图中，只有1个激光头被点亮，细心的同学可以发现，透镜里面可以看到一个很亮的光点，没错，那个光点就是激光照射到白色跑道上经过漫反射后回来的光。
然后我们再看看接收管的后面，漫反射回来的光是不是已经打到接收管上啦？不是也没关系，我们用手摁住透镜，稍微上下或者左右挪动透镜（透镜上的光点跟镜子里面的原理一样的，你把透镜往右移，光点就往左，其他方向亦然）
让透镜上看到的那个光点能刚好照射到接收管上面的小半球上
这样你就会看到接收管上面是指示灯灭掉了，这样就证明接收管能接收到这个激光的信号了。
这样子还没结束呢，我们还要把光点移动到黑色上，看看指示灯是不是会点亮（注意手摁住透镜不要动，然后传感器整体往黑线移动）
看到如图所示画面证明你的1号激光头已经对好了，但是还不能固定透镜。
⑤用黑色电工胶布遮住1号激光头、打开2号激光头，重复以上步骤。
如果2号激光头也能被接收到当然最好，如果不能接收到，那么就必须挪动透镜了，直到2号被接收到。
这里很多同学会问，那么1号激光头不是又白对了？不会，你的透镜只是挪动了一点而已。
接下来我们把2号激光头遮住，又重新看1号激光头，确保1号激光头还能被接收到，就这样来回几次，保证1号和2号激光头都能被接收到！3号、4号、5号也是如此对焦，等到5个激光头都对好了，就用502将透镜进行初步固定，然后才能放开你的手！等502干了，就涂上AB胶，让透镜自然凝固，1个1对5的传感器就做好啦！有兴趣的同学可以去《智能车制作》论坛观看我的帖子《激光1对3 ，80cm前瞻》/thread-73841-1-1.html
激光传感器常见的问题
1.请问激光的调制是怎么一回事？
首先，激光接收管只能接收160KHZ~200KHZ左右频率的光，也就是说一般可见光中的大部分色光都不能被接收到。
那么我们只要将激光的发射频率调制到160KHZ~200KHZ 内就能被激光接收管接收到了。
想深究的同学可以到《智能车制作》论坛上看我发的帖子《关于激光调制问题的微观研
究》：/thread-76789-1-1.html
一般调制激光有2种方法，一种是用调制管，它外形跟激光接收管一样，有3个引脚，如图
1号脚接了一个下拉电阻，一般位可调电阻，用于调整调制频率，1号脚同时也是调制信号输出端；2号脚接+5V，3号脚悬空；另外一种方法是利用单片机的PWM信号口产生调制信号，这种方法简单，调整频率只要修改参数即可，还有一个好处是能在保证频率不变（PWMPER）的情况下，修改调制信号的占空比（PWMDTY）,一般调制信号占空比位25%。
当然两种方法的信号检测都是用示波器检测！
2.为什么我的激光管不亮了？或者亮度不够？是不是烧了？
首先，激光不亮肯定不是烧了，激光烧了的话只会变得很暗很暗，而不会不亮，不亮可能是你的驱动有问题或者电路哪里断了。
至于亮度不够，很可能激光已经烧了，当然还有可能是衰减、电池没电或者驱动电流太小。
在这里必须说明的
是，每个激光头都必须加限流电阻，大小为10Ω~30Ω不等，不是所有激光共串一个电阻！而是每个激光头单独串一个！串限流电阻是为了防止分时发射的瞬间电流烧坏激光，起到保护作用，当然限流电阻太大也会影响激光的亮度！
3.激光前瞻为什么要做到80-90cm或者更高？
第一，提高信号稳定性。
一排前瞻达到80-90cm的激光传感器，经试验证明，你降低传感器角度，使用前瞻为60cm的时候，有20-30cm的余度！这20-30cm的作用多大？你的车在跑的过程会晃动吧？那么晃动造成激光光点上下抖动，如果你没有留有余度的话，很容易造成信号丢失！
第二，激光是高功耗元件，那么必须考虑电池的电量问题。
一排前瞻达到80-90cm的激光传感器，在电池电量下降，激光亮度下降的情况下，还能保证至少50-60cm的前瞻！这就是稳定性！
第三，拥有更高的前瞻，意味着你的车的上升潜力是巨大的！有句话说得好，没前瞻就没速度，当然这句话是指在正常前瞻范围内。
4.大透镜跟小透镜有何区别？
答：大透镜的接收前瞻比较远，但是接收范围比较窄；小透镜的接收前瞻比较近，但是接收范围比较宽。