【考研英语不可不看】经济成就十宗最(中英文对照,涵盖热点经济词汇)
考研经济学常用英语词汇
考研经济学常用英语词汇Aaccounting 会计adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置assumption 假设average 平均Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年benefit 收益black market 黑市budget 预算Ccapital 资本capitalism 资本主义choice 选择collusion 合谋commodity 商品common property 公用财产competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性consistence 一致性constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合corporation 公司cost 成本Ddeduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧direct approach 直截了当法direct taxes 直截了当税distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济economy of scale 规模经济exclusion 排斥性、排他性efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性entrepreneur 企业家eqity 公平exchange 交换exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性expectation 期望expenditure 支出external benefit 外部收益FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给final goods 最终产品firm 企业first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 以后值Ggeneral goods 一样商品goods 物资government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iincome 收入inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析industry 产业inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度insurance 保险interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品invention 发明investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任land 土地law 法则leisure 闲暇licenses 许可证long run长期luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的market 市场maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断NNatural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润Oobjective function 目标函数opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordinary goods 一样品output 产量、产出Pparameter 参数patent 专利plant size 工厂规模prediction 推测preference 偏好present value 现值price 价格price floor 最低限价private benefit 私人收益private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品production 生产productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权proposition 定理public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Rrationality 理性regulation 调剂，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模酬劳resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 酬劳、回报returns to scale 规模酬劳revenue 收益risk 风险rivalry 对抗性、竞争Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期shortage 短缺social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳固性stable equilibrium 稳固的均衡stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品supply 供给symmetry 对称性Ttaste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用traditional economy 传统经济transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯独性utility 效用Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判定variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量visible hand 看得见的手Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Wants 需要Welfare 福利Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero economic profit 零利润。
2020考研英语二：大作文经济类词汇
2020考研英语二：大作文经济类词汇考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语二：大作文经济类词汇”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语二：大作文经济类词汇Top 3：经济类专题常用表达经济 economy繁荣boom零售 retail促销promote sales管理management金融 finance, commerce/commercial经济全球化economic globalization可持续发展sustainable development不正当竞争unfair competition假冒伪劣产品fake and inferior product打假crack down on fake commodities购买力purchasing power激烈竞争fierce competition售后服务 after-sale service生计问题 bread -and -butter issue企业形象 enterprise image信用危机 credit crisis稳定物价 stabilize prices品牌效应 brand effect流行的消遣方式 popular pastime考研英语得分热文手机用户数量变化Developed and developing countries witnessed different rates of growth in mobile-phone subscription from 2000 to 2008. As the bar graph shows, the number of mobile-phone sub-scribers in developed countries rose steadily(稳步增长)from 0.7 billion in 2000 to one billion in 2008. By stark contrast(突出对比), cell phone users in developing countries soared from 0.4 billion to 4 billion in the same period.What accounts for this disparity(差距，不同)? The answer involves two factors. The first reason is technology gap. Developed countries generally enjoy advanced technology, which enables them to popularize mobile phone ahead of developing countries. Another contributing factor is the difference in population size. As we know, developed countries usually have a small population but most developing countries a large. As the price of the mobile phone slides(下滑), more and more people in developing countries avail themselves of(利用)this service, which explains the substantial increase(大幅增长)in mobile-phone subscription in these countries since 2003.From the case of mobile-phone subscription, we see that developing countries are quickly catching up(赶追)in science and technology, which is believed to be conducive to closing the gap between developing and developed countries.精彩译文2000年到2008年间，在发达国家以及发展中国家手机用户有了不同程度的增长。
大类考研英语热门词汇尽在眼前 (1)
八大类考研英语热门词汇尽在眼前！1、经济economicglobalization( 经济全球化)sustainable development( 可持续发展)Unfair competition( 不正当竞争)crack down on fake commodities ( 打假)Fierce competition(激烈竞争)credit crisis(信用危机)stabilize prices (稳定物价)2、文化great and profound (博大精深的)integration and interaction( 融合交汇)crash( 碰撞)charming(极具魅力的)splendid(壮丽辉煌的)English fever( 英语热)3、环保environment- friendly( 生态型的环保的)threat of global warming(全球变暖的威胁)promote fundamental shifts in the economic systemand mode of economic growth(促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变)curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollutionunder control(治理环境污染)develop renewable resources (开发可再生资源)a low-carbon economy (低碳经济)4、科技science and technology( 科学技术)web-addiction(沉迷网络)computer crime(电脑犯罪)e-commerce( 电子商务)virtual life ( 虚拟生活)information era(信息时代)cyber romance(网恋)surf the Internet(网上冲浪)5、就业applicant(申请人)position available/ vacant position(空缺职位)competent(能胜任的)be qualified for(合格的)proficiency(熟练程度)job arrangement and benefit(工作待遇和福利)promotion (晋升)gender-biased(性别歧视的)appearance-biased(相貌歧视的)6、大学生活/教育cultivate(培养)further one’s study (深造)quality education(素质教育)foster abilities(培养能力)relieve the burden on students( 减轻学生负担)be occupied with so much schoolwork( 忙于功课)place emphasis on( 以…为重心)comprehensive( 全面的广泛的)practical capability(实际能力)duck-stuffing(填鸭式)7、社会现象enlightening( 富有启发的)cause alarm and attention( 引起了警惕和重视)set good example for(为…树立榜样)dedicate(做贡献)take action (采取行动)ensure implementing activities(确保执行)vulnerable(易诱惑的易受影响的)be supposed to(应该)8、人物特征、情感描写strong-minded( 坚强的)industrious(勤奋的)promising(有前途的)dynamic(有生气的)responsible(有责任心的)influential(有影响力的)profound(渊博精深的)devoted(忠实的投入的)warm-hearted(热心的)凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
关于社会政治与经济类的英语热点翻译（大全）
关于社会政治与经济类的英语热点翻译（大全）第一篇：关于社会政治与经济类的英语热点翻译（大全）关于社会政治与经济类的英语热点翻译在我们的课本中涉及了许多关于社会政治与经济类的英语热点翻译，现总结如下：Deepening reform and opening up 深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 建设有中国特色的社会主义理论 The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论 One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点 Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion ofdevelopment 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力 Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制 A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施 Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策 Reform measures 改革措施Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理 Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革 Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革 Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革 Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革 Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革 Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能 Open door policy 开放政策 Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放 Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和 managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制 Special administrative region 特别行政区Contract responsibility system with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制 to the household Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距 Eliminate poverty 消除贫困 Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分 State-owned economy 国有经济 Non-state economy 非国有经济Collective economy 集体经济Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略 Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策 Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济 Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济Developed market economy 发达的市场经济 Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济 Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济 Mixed economy 混合经济 Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济 Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growthmode 经济增长方式Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势 Economic cycle 经济周期 Economic fluctuation 经济波动 Economic miracle 经济奇迹 Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁 Global economy 全球经济 Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控 Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控 Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整 Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制 Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的金融货币政策Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量 Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap money policy 低息货币政策 Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整 Cut interest rate 降低利率 Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预 Administrative measure 行政措施 Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制 Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数 Commodity price index 商品物价指数 Retail price index 零售物价指数 Average price index 平均物价指数Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀 Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素 Inflation of credit 信用膨胀 Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给 Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡 Supply and demand relation 供求关系 Supply over demand 供过于求 Supply exceeds demand 供过于求 Economic crisis 经济危机 Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系 and operation of State assets Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学management and adopting scientific managementRegulation on the supervision and management 国有企业监督管理条例 of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规 state-owned propertyOperate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and losses, seek self-development 自我约束 and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic management Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产Preserve and increase value and prevent losses 保值增值防止流失 Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定 Clarification of property rights 明晰产权Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检 Certificate of title 产权证书 Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让 Transaction of property rights 产权交易Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估 Asset appraisal 资产评估 Productive assets 经营性资产 Non-productive assets 非经营性资产 Return on assets 资产收益 Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表 Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革第二篇：社会政治和经济类热点词汇翻译总结深化改革扩大开放The theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 建设有中国特色的社会主义理论The theory on the initial stage of socialism 社会主义初级阶段的理论One focus, two basic points 一个中心，两个基本点Focus on economic construction 以经济建设为中心Adhere to the four cardinal principles 坚持四项基本原则Adhere to reforms and opening to the outside world 坚持改革开放Seizing the opportunity, deepening the reform, opening 抓住机遇，深化改革，wider to the rest of the world, promoting development, maintaining stability扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定Whether it would be beneficial to developing socialist productive forces是否有利于发展社会主义生产力Whether it would be beneficial to enhancing the overall strength of the country是否有利于增强综合国力Whether it would be beneficial to raising people’s living standard是否有利于提高人民生活水平Taking the socialist public ownership as the mainstay 以社会主义公有制为主体Common development of multi-economic sectors 多种经济成分共同发展Establishment of socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济的建立Deepening economic reform 深化经济改革Relationships among reform, development and stability 改革发展和稳定的关系Deepening of reform and promotion of development 深化改革与促进发展Economic growth and social progress 经济增长与社会进步Strengthen the position of agriculture 加强农业的基础地位Science and technology are the primary productive forces 科学技术是第一生产力 Strengthen the socialist legal system 加强社会主义法制A series of policies and measures 一系列政策措施Reform and opening up policy 改革开放政策Reform measures 改革措施 Speed up reform 加快改革Reform of economic system 经济体制改革Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Strengthen the management of state-owned property 加强国有资产管理Reform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Reform of commodity circulation 商品流通体制改革Reform of foreign trade system 外贸体制改革Reform of personnel system 人事制度改革Reform of social security system 社会保险制度改革Reform of housing system 住房制度改革 Planning system 计划管理体制Transferring the function of government 转换政府职能Open door policy 开放政策Open economy 开放经济Open-door to the outside world 对外开放 Opening up 扩大开放Open domestic market 开放国内市场Introduce foreign capital, advanced technology and 引进外国的资金，先进技术和managerial experiences 管理经验Economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区Special economic zones in coastal areas 沿海经济特区One country, two systems 一国两制Special administrative region 特别行政区ract responsibilitysystem with remuneration linked 家庭联产承包责任制to the household Narrowing the gap between the rich and poor 缩小贫富差距Eliminate poverty 消除贫困 Common prosperity 共同富裕ECONOMY AND MARKET ECONOMY 经济和市场经济Socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济Socialist sector of economy 社会主义经济成分State-owned economy 国有经济 Non-state economy 非国有经济 Collective economy 集体经济 Individual economy 个体经济Coexistence of various economic composition 多种经济成分共存Sustained, rapid and sound economic development 持续，快速和健康的经济发展National economic budget 国民经济预算Comprehensive development of economy 经济综合发展Strategy for economic development 经济发展战略Theory of macroeconomic policy 宏观经济政策理论Macroeconomic decision 宏观经济决策Microeconomic phenomenon 微观经济现象 Traditional planned economy 传统的计划经济Stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展Commodity economy 商品经济Market economy 市场经济Free market economy 自由市场经济 Developed market economy 发达的市场经济Developing market economy 发展中的市场经济Emerging market economy 新兴市场经济Mature market economy 成熟市场经济 Market economy country 市场经济国家Extensive economy 粗放型经济Intensive economy 集约型经济Transform the extensive economic 粗放型经济转变为mode into intensive one 集约型经济 Mixed economy 混合经济 Regional economy 地区经济Internal-oriented economy 内向型经济 Closed economy 闭关自守经济Economic growth point 经济增长点Economic growth mode 经济增长方式 Economic growth rate 经济增长率Economy measure 经济手段Diversified economy 多种经济，多样化经济Economic situation 经济形势 Economic cycle 经济周期 Economic fluctuation 经济波动 Economic miracle 经济奇迹 Economic take-off 经济起飞Economic recovery 经济复苏 Economic potential 经济潜力Economic sanction 经济制裁 Global economy 全球经济Economic globalization 经济全球化Integration of world economy 世界经济一体化International economic integration 国际经济一体化New international economic order 国际新经济秩序Multi-polarization of world economy 世界经济多极化Economic community 经济共同体 MACRO-CONTROL 宏观调控 Strengthen macro-control 加强宏观调控 Soft landing 软着路Macro-economic situation 宏观经济形势Macro control and micro invigoration 宏观控制与微观搞活Control of overall volume and economic restructuring 总量控制与经济结构调整 Tight control on investment in fixed assets 紧缩固定资产投资控制Tight financial and monetary policy 从紧的Moderately tight monetary policy 适度从紧的货币政策Moderately tight credit policy 适度从紧的信贷政策Loosening tight monetary policy 放松紧缩的货币政策Adequate amount of the money supply 适度货币供应量Excessive amount of currency issue 过度货币发行量Maintain monetary stability 保持货币稳定Cheap moneypolicy 低息货币政策Adjustment of interest rate 利率调整Cut interest rate 降低利率Control of interest rate 利率控制Deflation policy 紧缩政策Market intervention 市场干预 State intervention 国家干预Administrative interference 行政干预Administrative intervention 行政干预 Administrative measure 行政措施 Economy measure 经济手段Risk-control mechanism 风险控制机制 Overheated economy 过热的经济Consumer price index 消费品价格指数Commodity price index 商品物价指数 Retail price index 零售物价指数 Average price index平均物价指数 Cost-of-living index 生活费用指数 Control of inflation 通货膨胀控制Demand-pull inflation 需求拉动的通货膨胀Double digit inflation 两位数字通货膨胀Excessive inflation 过度的通货膨胀Galloping inflation 恶性通货膨胀Hyperinflation 极度通货膨胀Hidden inflation 隐性通货膨胀Structural inflation 结构性通货膨胀Stagflation 经济停滞型的通货膨胀Inflation factor 通货膨胀因素 Inflation of credit 信用膨胀 Inflation rate 通货膨胀率Inflationary pressure 通货膨胀压力Curb inflation 抑制通货膨胀Curb the real estate craze 抑制房地产热Development zone craze 开发区热Overall demand and supply 总需求和总供给 Balance between supply and demand 供需平衡Supply and demand relation 供求关系 Supply over demand 供过于求 Supply exceeds demand 供过于求 Economic crisis 经济危机 Economic depression 经济萧条MANAGEMENT OF STATE-OWNED PROPERTY 国有资产管理Establish a system for the management, supervision 建立国有资产管理，监督和营运体系and operation of State assetsReform of management of state-owned property 国有资产管理体制改革Clearly defining property rights, specifying rights and 产权清晰，责权明确，政企分开，responsibilities, separating ownership from daily 管理科学 management and managementadoptingscientificandRegulation on the supervision management 国有企业监督管理条例of the state-owned enterprisesLaws and regulations on the administration of 国有资产管理法律法规state-owned property Operate independently, assume sole responsibility 自主经营，自负盈亏，自我发展，for its profits and self-development 自我约束 and self-relianceUphold the principle of separating the functions of 坚持政企分开的原则，转变政府government from those of enterprises and alter the 经济管理职能government’s role in economic management Safeguard state property 保卫国有资产losses，seek改组和改造保值增值防止流失Prevent the drain of State-owned property 防止国有资产流失Reform of property rights system 产权制度改革Definition of property rights 产权界定Clarification of property rights 明晰产权 Registration of property rights 产权登记Annual checks of the registration of property rights 产权登记年检Certificate of title 产权证书 Change of registration 变更登记Change of title 产权变更Transfer of property rights 产权转让 Transaction of property rights 产权交易 Property rights transfer agency 产权交易机构Inspection of assets 资产清查Re-evaluation of fixed assets 固定资产重估 Asset appraisal 资产评估Productive assets 经营性资产Non-productive assets 非经营性资产 Return on assets 资产收益 Balance sheet 资产负债表Consolidated balance sheet 合并资产负债表 Reform of State-Owned Enterprises国有企业改革Step up efforts to reform State-owned enterprises 加大国有企业改革力度 Readjust and reorganize State-owned enterprises to 调整改组国有企业促进资产重组promote re-arrangement of assets and raise the 提高国有经济的总体素质overall quality of the State sector of the economy Concentrate on rejuvenating State-owned large 集中力量抓好国有大型企业和enterprises and enterprises groups 企业集团 Develop trans-regional and inter-trade enterprise 发展跨地区跨行业的企业集团groupsReform, reorganization and upgrading 改革，Re-organization, association, merger, joint 改组，联合，兼并，股份合作制partnership, leasing, contract operation 租赁，承包经营和出售 and sell-offManage well large enterprises and adopt a flexible 抓好大的，放活小的 policy towards small onesGive small State-owned enterprises greater freedom 放活国有小企业Standardize bankruptcy procedures, encourage 规范破产程序，鼓励企业兼并，merging of enterprises and promote re-employment 促进再就业Allow money-losing enterprise to merger 允许亏损企业兼并或破产or go bankruptDispersion of redundant employees 分流富余人员Re-employment funds 再就业基金Conscientiously strengthen the operation and 切实加强企业经营管理management of enterprisesStrengthen financial management of enterprises 强化企业财务管理Tighten control over extrabudgetary funds 加强预算外资金管理Increase capital and reduce debts through various 多渠道增资减债channelsStrive to help enterprises eliminate losses and 抓好企业扭亏增盈 increase profitsDevelop various modes of operation and marketing 发展多种营销方式Allev iate enterprises’ social burdens 减轻企业的社会负担By tapping the potential and upgrading the 通过挖潜改造technologyMechanism for selecting the superior and eliminating 优胜劣汰机制 the inferior-making power 享有更多的决策权Allow employees to hold some shares 允许职工持股Give more productive enterprises the power to engage 给更多的生产企业自营出口权in export independently Protect the interests of the working class 保护工人阶级利益Technological upgrading 技术改造Reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业改革Deepening of the reform of State-owned enterprises 深化国有企业改革Modern enterprise system 现代企业制度Reorganization of state-owned enterprises 国有企业重组Transform the enterprises’ management mechanisms of State-owned enterprises 转换国有企业经营机制Adjustment of industrial structure 行业结构调整Industrial policy 产业政策Support and develop large enterprises and release small enterprises 支持发展大企业放开小企业Large and medium-sized State-owned enterprises can beturned into corporate enterprises 大中型企业可转变为股份公司Smaller enterprises can become shareholding co-operatives 小企业可转变为股份合作制Readjust the asset-liability ratio of state-owned enterprises 调整国有企业资产负债比State-owned independent accounting industrial enterprises 国有独立核算企业 Pioneer enterprise 试点企业Enlarge the right of self-management 扩大自主权Optimize capital structure 优化资本结构Optimize resource allocation 优化资源配置 Optimize investment structure 优化投资结构Recapitalization 调整资本结构Capital reorganization 资本重组Promote rational flow of property right 促进产权合理流动Reduce staff to improve efficiency 减员增效 Investment risk mechanism 投资风险机制Project capital system 项目资本金制度Legal person responsibility system 法人责任制Responsibility for one’s own profit and loss 自负盈亏Enterprise contract management responsibility system 企业承包责任制Unreasonable economic structure 不合理的经济结构Unreasonable product structure 不合理的产品结构Repeated construction 重复建设Repeated introduction of foreign equipment and technology 外国设备和技术的重复引进Regional and departmental protectionism 地区和部门保持主义Government supervision 政府监督 Operating strategy 经营战略Out-dated management styles 落后的管理方式Backward in management 管理落后 Relying on government subsidy 依赖政府补贴Heavy social subsidy 沉重的社会补贴 Heavy social burdens 沉重的社会负担Excessive production capacity 过剩的生产能力Merger and acquisition 兼并与收购 Encourage merger 鼓励兼并Preferential policy for bankruptcy and merger 对破产和兼并企业的优惠政策Standardize bankruptcy procedure 规范破产程序Prevent false bankruptcy 防止假破产 Construction of a multi-layer social security system 建立多层次的社会保障制度Re-employment projects 再就业工程Re-employment of redundant workers 富余职Laid-off workers 下岗职工ENTERPRISE AND COMPANY 企业和公司Central enterprise 中央企业Local enterprise 地方企业Backbone enterprise 骨干企业Large and medium enterprise 大中型企业State-owned enterprise 国有企业Enterprise solely funded by the State 国有独资企业State-owned firm 国有公司，国有企业Corporate enterprise 股份制企业 Collective enterprise 集体企业 Collective firm 集体企业，合作企业 Township enterprise 乡镇企业 Partnership enterprise 合伙企业 Individual enterprise 个体企业Foreign-funded enterprise 外资企业 Top 500 enterprises 最大500家企业Small business 小企业Primary industry 第一产业Secondary industry 第二产业 Tertiary industry 第三产业 Corporate Law 公司法Township Enterprise Law 乡镇企业法Independent legal entities 独立法人 Board of directors 董事会 Board of supervisors 监事会Shareholders conference 股东大会 Entrepreneur 企业家 Firm 公司，企业 Company 公司 Incorporation 公司Corporation 股份公司Group of enterprises 企业集团Conglomerate 企业集团，综合性大企业Company limited by shares 股份有限责任公司Controlling company 控股公司 Holding company 控股公司Bank holding company 银行控股公司Company with limited liability 有限责任公司State-owned holding company 国家控股公司 Public company上市公司 Private company 非上市公司 Listed company 上市公司Overseas-listed company 境外上市公司 Parent company 母公司 Subsidiary company 子公司Group company 集团公司Large-scale industrial group 大型工业集团International conglomerate 跨国企业集团International corporation 跨国公司Multinational corporation 跨国公司Multinational market group 跨国市场集团 Banking institution 金融机构Banking sector 银行部门Intermediary bank 中介银行Development bank 开发银行Commercial bank 商业银行Investment bank 投资银行 Credit bank 信贷银行Cooperative bank 合作银行Mortgage bank 抵押银行 Clearing bank 清算银行 Credit union 信用社Non-bank financial institution 非银行金融机构Financing corporation 金融公司 Securities company 证券公司Underwriting company 担保公司 Loan and trust company 信托公司 Insurance company 保险公司Life insurance company 人寿保险公司 Utility company 公共事业公司MERGER AND ACQUISITION 兼并与收购 Reorganization 重组Association 联合 Merger 兼并Acquisition 收购Joint stock partnership 股份合作 Leasing 出租Contract operation 承包经营 Auction 拍卖Develop trans-regional and trans-industry enterprise groups 发展跨地区跨行业的企业Strategic acquisition 战略性收购 Combination of enterprise 企业合并 Concentric acquisition 集中收购 Conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Consolidation by lease 租赁式合并Consolidation bymerger 兼并式合并Leveraged buy-out(LBO’s)杠杆收购Stock merger 股票兼并 Vertical acquisition 纵向收购 Vertical merger 纵向兼并 Vertical consolidation 纵向合并 Vertical integration 纵向合并 Horizontal merger 横向兼并Horizontal acquisition 横向收购 Horizontal combination 横向合并，同行业合并Horizontal integration 横向联合Acquisition cost 收购成本Acquiring enterprise 收购方企业 Corporate reorganization 公司重组Bankruptcy Law 破产法Bankruptcy code chapter 7---liquidation 破产法第七章清算Bankruptcy code 11---reorganization 破产法第十一章重组Act of bankruptcy 破产法案Antitrust Law 反托拉斯法Bankruptcy court 破产法庭Bankruptcy debtor 破产债务人Bankruptcy notice 破产公告Bankruptcy petition 要求宣布破产Declaration of bankruptcy 宣告破产Arrangement in bankruptcy court 破产法庭内的协调Arrangement out of bankruptcy court 不经破产法庭的协调Creditor’s equity 债权人权益 Bankruptcy trustee 破产受托人Creditor’s meeting 债权人会议Creditor of bankruptcy 破产债权人MARKET AND COMPETITION 市场和竟争Commodity market 商品市场 Securities market 证券市场 Bond market 债券市场 Stock market 股票市场 Futures market 期货市场Options market 期权市场Property rights market 产权市场 Capital market 资本市场 Free market 自由市场 Labour market 劳动力市场 Flea market 跳蚤市场Bear market 股票市场的熊市Bull market 股票市场的牛市Market competition 市场竟争Market development 市场开发Marketforecast 市场预测 Market potential 市场潜力 Market risk 市场风险Market share 市场份额Seller’s market 卖方市场Buyer’s market 买方市场Market abroad 海外市场Marketability 市场能力Marketable 销路好的Marketing channel 销售渠道 Marketing strategy 销售战略Competition market 竟争市场 Perfect competition 完全竟争Imperfect competition 不完全竟争 Low-level competition 低水平竟争 Monopolistic competition 垄断竟争 Competitor 竟争对手Natural monopoly 自然垄断International monopoly 国际垄断 Market 市场bear market 股票市场的熊市bond market 证券市场bull market 股票市场的牛市 capital market 资本市场emerging market economic 新兴市场经济majority market economic 成熟市场经济 market abroad 海外市场 market analysis 市场分析market approach to fair market value 求得公market competition 市场竟争market demand price 市场需求价格 market development 市场开发market economy country 市场经济国家 market factor 市场因素 market forecast 市场预测 market index 市场指数market information 市场信息market investigation 市场调查market potential 市场潜力 market quotation 市场行情market replacement cost 市场重置成本 market research 市场调查，市场研究 market risk 市场风险market share 市场份额，市场占有率 market value method 市价法 market-oriented 面向市场的market-to-cost method 市价成本法 property right market 产权市场seller’s market 卖方市场social market economy 社会主义市场经济 stock market 股票市场Marketing 营销，市场销售marketing channel 销售渠道，市场渠道 marketing cost 销售成本marketing manager 市场销售经理 markrting strategy 市场经营战略 marketing system 市场体系 relationship marketing 关系营销Asset, Liability And Equity 资产,负债和权益Asset management 资产管理 Tangible assets 有形资产Intangible assets 无形资产Physical assets 实物资产Fixed assets 固定资产 Current assets 流动资产Current asset losses in suspense 待处理流动资产损失Deferred assets 递延资产 Other assets 其它资产Total assets 总资产 Net assets 净资产Book value of the assets 资产的账面值Non-ledger assets 帐外资产Asset account 资产账户Asset disposal 资产处置Asset depreciation 资产折旧Asset inventory shorts 资产盘亏Asset inventory surplus 资产盘盈Asset retirement 资产报废Asset revaluation 资产重估Capital assets 资本资产Monetary assets 金融资产 Mortgage assets 抵押资产 Long-term assets 长期资产Liability 负债Liability account 负债账户 Direct liability 直接负债Current liability 流动负债 Liability out of book 账外负债 Long-term liability 长期负债 Book debt 账面负债Asset liability ratio 资产负债比Owner’s equity 所有者权益Equity account 权益账户Stockholders’ equity 股东权益 Preferred stock equity 优先股权益Cumulative preferred stock 积累优先股Non-cumulative preferred stock 非积累优先股Convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股Participating preferred stock 参加优先股 Non-Participating preferred stock 非参加优先股Callable preferred stock 可赎回优先股 Common stock equity 普通股权益 T otal equity 权益总额企业评价指标Assets Liabilities Ratio 资产负债率Quick Ratio 速动比率Current Ratio 流动比率 P/E ratio 市盈率Current Liabilities to Net Worth 流动负债比净资产Total Liabilities to Net Worth 总负债比净资产Fixed Assets to Net Worth 固定资产比净资Inventory Turnover Ratio 存货Assets to Sales Sales to Net Working Capital 销售收入比流动资金净值Accounts Payable to Sales 应付帐款比销售收入Return on Sales(profit Margin)Return on Assets 资产收益率Return on Total Assets 总资产收益率Return on Shareholder’s Equity 股东权益收益率Return on Investment 投资收益Return on Net Worth(Return on Equity)净资产收益率收益表 INCOME STATEMENT 销售收入 Sales Revenue减：销售折扣与折让 Deduct: Sales Discount & Allowance销售收入净值 Net Sales Revenue 减：销售税金 Deduct: T ax on Sales 销售成本 Coat of Sales销售毛利Gross Profit from Sales 减：管理费用Deduct: Administration Expenses 财务费用Financial Expenses 销售利润Profit from Sales 加：其它业务利润Plus: Profit from Other Operations 营业利润Operating Profits 加：投资收益Plus: Investment Income 营业外净收入 Non-Operating Revenue 以前利润调整Adjustment of Earning of Prior Years 利润总额Total Profits(Before Tax)减：所得税Deduct: Income Tax 净利润Net Profits合并资产负债表 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET 资产 Assets 流动资产 Current Assets 长期应收帐款 Long-term Receivable 长期投资 Long-term Investment 固定资产 Fixed Assets原值 Original Coat减：累计折旧Deduct: Accumulated Depreciation 净值Net Worth在建工程 Construction in-progress 其它资产 Other Assets 资产总额 T otal Assets负债和权益 Liabilities & Equity 负债 Liabilities流动负债 Current Liabilities 长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 负债合计 T otal Liabilities 少数股东权益 Minority Interests 权益 Equity 实收资本 Paid-in Capital 资本公积 Capital surplus保留盈利 Retained Earnings 权益合计 Total Equity负债和权益总额 T otal Liabilities & Equity BALANCE SHEET 资产负债表 ASSETS 资产Cash and Equivalents 现金和视同现金 Accounts Receivable 应收帐款 Inventories 存货Other Current Assets 其它流动资产 T otal Current Assets 流动资产总计Gross Prop.,Plant & Equip.财产，场房和设备原值Accumulated Depreciation 累计折旧Net property, Plant & Equip.财产，场房和设备净值Other Assets 其它资产Total Assets 总资产LIABILITIES & EQUITY 负债和权益 Debt in Current Liabilities 流动负债 Accounts Payable 应付帐款 Income Taxes Payable 应付所得税 Other Current Liabilities 其它流动负债 long-term Debt 长期负债Deferred Taxes 递延税金Other Liabilities 其它负债Minority Interest 少数股东权益 Total Liabilities 总负债Preferred Stock Equity 优先股权益普通股权益Total Stockh olders’ Equity 股东权益总计 Total Liabilities and Equity 负债权益总计 Economic经济的economic analysis 经济分析economic and technical development zone 经济技术开发区economic base 经济基础economic community 经济共同体economic cooperation zone 经济协作区 economic crisis 经济危机 economic cycle 经济周期economic depression 经济萧条economic efficiency 经济效益economic entity 经济实体 economic forecast 经济预测 economic foundation 经济基础 economic growth rate 经济增长率 economic integration 经济一体化economic miracle 经济奇迹economic order 经济秩序 economic policy 经济政策 economic potential 经济潜力 economic prospect 经济展望 economic recovery 经济复苏economic sanctions 经济制裁 economic situation 经济形势economic system 经济体制，经济制度 economic value 经济价值East Asia Economic Rim 东亚经济圈 Economics 经济学economics of industry 工业经济学economics of management 管理经济学 economics of scale 规模经济学 Economy 经济closed economy 闭关自守经济 commodity economy 商品经济economy measure 经济手段 economies of scale 规模经济 market economy 市场经济 mixed economy 混合经济 planned economy 计划经济 Enterprise企业。
考研英语备考：《经济学人》常用词汇汇总
考研英语备考：《经济学人》常用词汇汇总暑假是考研路上或不可缺的黄金时光，大家一定要在这个时间里面好好的抓紧时间复习，下面由小编为你精心准备了“考研英语备考：《经济学人》常用词汇汇总”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!考研英语备考：《经济学人》常用词汇汇总1、绝对优势(Absolute advantage)如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择(Adverse choice)在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本(Alternative cost)如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性( Arc elasticity of demand)如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)5、非对称的信息(Asymmetric information)在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。
例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本(Average cost)平均成本是总成本除以产量。
也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost)平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品(Average product)平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本(Average variable cost)平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta)β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。
对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bond yield)债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
考研英语核心词汇详解economy
考研英语核心词汇详解1. economy /i'kɔnəmi/ n.节约;经济；经济体真题搭配：emerging economies：新兴的经济体2. economic /ˌi:kə'nɔmik/ a.经济(上)的,经济学的真题搭配：economic development: 经济发展3. inferior /in'fiəriə/ a.下等的,下级的;差的n.下级,晚辈解析：infer(低的)+ior真题例句：They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.（2011 Text 1 英语一）它们（唱片）的质量往往不如现场音乐会。
4. superior /sju:'piriə/ a.优良的,卓越的;上级的n.上级;长者解析：super(超级的，在上面的)+ior引申：superiority: n 优越5. superb /sju'pə:b/ a.极好的,杰出的；华丽的真题例句：There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays.（2006 Text 2 英语一）还有皇家莎士比亚剧团（RSC），它上演了精彩的戏剧作品。
6. fluctuate /'flʌktjueit/ v.(使)波动;(使)起伏引申：fluctuation: n 波动真题搭配：fluctuating crude oil prices：波动的原油价格7. imperative /ɪm'perətɪv/ a.强制的;紧急的写作句型：It is imperative for us to do : 我们做某事是紧急的8. negative /'negətiv/ a.否定的,消极的,阴性的；n.负数;真题搭配：negative side effect: 消极的副作用9. positive /'pɔzətiv/ a.肯定的,积极的,正的真题例句：All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our happiness levels.（2016 Part B 英语二）当然，所有这些都会对我们的幸福水平产生积极影响。
最全经济学英语词汇（打印版）
最全经济学英语词汇（打印版）经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设第 1 页共12 页standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户(美作:checkingaccount)current-account holder 支票帐户(美作:checking-account holder)(美作:check) bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱第 2 页共12 页cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币(美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率freeexchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格,票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull盘整ease 松弛第 3 页共12 页raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、C redit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、P ruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩第 4 页共12 页5、E xpenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用6、P rofit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income,gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、t axes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税第 5 页共12 页basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer纳税人tax collector 收税员8、I nternal economic and trade orgnization国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development,DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association,第 6 页共12 页CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community,WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries,OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行第7 页共12 页Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Arrow's impossibility theorem 阿罗不可能定理Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均第8 页共12 页average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb—Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数第9 页共12 页contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理第10 页共12 页excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand curve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬晶收入补偿需求曲线Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯一卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业第11 页共12 页increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Kkinded—demand curve 弯折的需求曲线Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗乘数，land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution第12 页共12 页。
考研英语热词之经济学
[考研英语]China daily 热词之经济学一传销pyramid scheme信用评级下调credit downgrade实得工资take-home income虚拟超市virtual supermarket高档车premium car欺骗消费者play foul with buyers大众旅游mass tourism灰市gray market预付费卡prepaid cards恩格尔系数Engle coefficient次级债务subordinate debt饥饿营销hunger marketing恶意营销smear campaign亚洲“单一货币”single currency滞销蔬菜unsalable vegetables黄金投资者gold bugmembership fee（会员费）windfall（意外横财）Credit rating（信用评级）debtor（债务人）NASDAQ（纳斯达克）、DOW（道琼斯综合指数）Standard and Poor’s Composite Index（标准普尔综合指数）nose-dive（暴跌）信用评级integrity rating信用扩张credit expansionhi-tech marketing strategy（高科技营销策略）网络虚拟财产online virtualassetsreal economy（实体经济）fictitious economy（虚拟经济）real bargain（便宜货）virtual money虚拟钱币ceiling price表示“最高价”a farm production ceiling意思是“农业生产的最高产量” default（违约）cut deficit/deficit reduction（削减赤字）spending cuts（削减开支）debt crisis（债务危机）package agreement cap on liability（一揽子协议赔偿金上限）divorce calculator离婚计算器”online gadget（网络小工具）civil partnerships（民事伴侣关系late-life divorce（熟年离婚）prenuptial agreement（婚前协议）division of property（财产分割）custody and visitation of children（子女监护与探视）spousal support（配偶赡养费）child support（子女抚养费）[考研英语]China daily 热词之经济学二divorce settlement（离婚协议书）insurance premium(人寿保险费)cargo premium（货物保险费）at a premium是非常珍贵的mass market cars大众市场的车型了license-plate lottery（车牌摇号）car rental（汽车租赁）green car（新能源汽车）零排放车辆zero-emission vehicle跨界车crossover vehicle非公路用车off-highway vehicleby fair means or foul（不择手段，千方百计）price cheating就是“价格欺诈pricing inconsistency（价格不一致）misleading price tags（误导性的价签）curb inflation（抑制通货膨胀）academic cheating（学术造假）价格违法行为price violation价格垄断price-fixingfake resume（虚假简历）relaxed inner controls（内部管理松散）academic rank（职称）hidden rule（潜规则）package tour/group tour/organized tour（跟团旅游）individual tourist/ free walker（自由行游客）文化旅游业cultural tourism“自驾游”（self-driving travel/tour）self-organized expedition就是“自助游”分时度假timeshareecotourism生态旅游rural tourism “乡村旅游”eco-farming（生态农业）parallel import水货小众市场niche markettake-home income即“实得工资gross income（全额工资）financial crisis（经济危机）shrink（缩水）price hikes（物价上涨）housing spending（家庭支出）living standard（生活标准）economic stagnation（经济疲软vicious cycle（恶性循环）inflationary pressure（通胀压力）[考研英语]China daily 热词之经济学三financial crisis（经济危机）绩效工资merit pay工资协商制度negotiation system on wages state-owned monopolies（国有垄断企业）cap and trade（限额交易、总量管制和交易Pegged Exchange Rate（盯住汇率制）公积金上限threshold of housing fundprepaid deposit（预付定金）money laundering（洗钱）tax evasion（偷税漏税）bribery（行贿受贿）issuers of prepaid cards（购物卡发行方）anonymous cards（不记名购物卡card scalpers（卡贩子、购物卡黄牛）灰色收入off-the-books income地下钱庄illegal bankfinancial fraud（金融诈骗）Minimum living allowances（最低生活保障）“subsistence allowance”也指“最低生活保障”low-income groups（低收入群体）basic subsistence costs（基本生活费用支出）expenditure-income ratio（消费支出比例）gap in work wages（工资收入差距）income divide/ income disparity 收入差距consumer price index（CPI，消费物价指数）cut back on meals and clothes（节衣缩食）housing loan repayments（房贷）housing space per capita（人均居住面积）收入分配income distributionwage arrears（拖欠工资）two-fold increase in pay指的就是工资“翻番” 纳税等级tax brackets晒工资wages online exposurefunded debt（长期债券、固定债务）还未偿还债务outstanding debt未到期的债务unmatured debtloan defaulter 拖欠贷款者Mortgage抵押贷款lending quota就是指“贷款额度”credit expansion（信贷扩张）deposit-reserve ratio（存款准备金率）export quota（出口配额）购买力平价purchasing power parity通胀恐慌inflation fearsuppress rising commodity prices就是“抑制物价上涨”的意思[考研英语]China daily 热词之经济学四boosting food supplies and other necessities增加食品和其它必需品的供应increasing subsidies for low-income families提高对低收入家庭的补贴taking more targeted policies to maintain market order出台更多有针对性的政策维护市场秩序）现金补贴cash subsidy信贷紧缩credit squeeze有抵押债务secured debt外债余额outstanding external debt暂停偿债debt standstillnonperforming loans不良贷款overdue loans（逾期贷款）mortgage loans（按揭贷款）added value（附加值）commercial exploitation（商业炒作）商业间谍活动industrial espionagefloating exchange rates（浮动汇率制）emerging economies（新兴经济体）industrialized nations （工业化国家）exchange rate fluctuations（汇率波动）bilateral trade（双边贸易总额）reserve currency（储备货币）foreign exchange reserve（外汇储备）Subprime Crisis（次贷危机）dollar assets（美元资产）monetary policy（货币政策）稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy货币操纵国currency manipulatordollar trap就是指“美元陷阱”measure of money supply 货币供应量primary sector（第一产业）industrial sector（第二产业）tertiary /service sector（第三产业）[考研英语]China daily 热词之经济学五proactive fiscal policy（积极的财政政策）moderately loose monetary policy 适度宽松的货币政策stimulus package 经济刺激政策evitalization scheme for 10 major industries 十大产业振兴规划risk control 风险控制macro-regulation 宏观调控人民币“跨境结算” cross-border settlement加大货币发行量quantitative easingfixed-asset investment 固定资产投资unsalable products 积压产品Unmarketable、poorselling等词也可以用来表示“滞销” each link in distribution 每个流通环节buying spree 收购潮heavy loss 巨大损失oversupply of vegetables 蔬菜供应量加大战略性支柱产业strategic pillar industrypillar industry（支柱产业）eading industry 主导产业basic industry 基础产业产业结构调整industrial restructuring产业生态系统industry eco-systememerging market 新兴市场emerging technology 新兴技术Emerging industry 新兴工业renminbi clearing bank 人民币清算行Clearing bank 清算银行offshore yuan center 人民币离岸中心QFII全称为Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors 是“合格的境外机构投资者”的简称QE 全称为Quantitative Easing是“量化宽松货币政策”的简称反补贴税countervailing duties。
考研英语常用的经济词结
考研英语常用的经济词结
考研英语常用的经济词汇总结
【摘要】考研阅读中很大一部分文章和经济话题相关，店铺为大家总结了一些经济类词汇，希望对英语复习有所裨益。
众所周知，在考研英语阅读文章中，经济类词汇占据了一席之地，并且所占的比重在英语二当中则更大，那么这就意味着在前期的基础阶段，大家要更多的'去接触与经济相关的东西。
单从理解程度来讲，词汇的重要性更是不言而喻。
想要很好的理解文章，就要在词汇层面上对原有的简单单词在经济类现象中的意思了如指掌。
店铺为大家列举部分在经济类文章中常见的词汇，单词均为基础词汇，在经济背景下他们又被赋予了新的意思，加以总结与领悟，方能让大家的复习更加轻松和高效！。
2024年考研英语作文常见词汇
40. 数字时代 digital times
41. 信息高速公路 the information superhighway
42. 虚拟社区 virtual communities
43. “菜蓝子”工程 the “shopping-basket” project ( the non-staple food project)
123. 侵吞公款 embezzle public funds
124. 群带关系 networking through petticoat influence
125. 求同存异 seek common ground on major issues while shelving differences on minor ones
126. 滥用权力 abuse one’s power; misuse one’s authority
127. 廉政建设 build a clean and honest government
128. 三步走战略 the three-step development strategy
129. 三讲教育 three emphases education—emphasize theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct
106. 重复建设 redundant project
107. 大锅饭 egalitarian practice ( of everyone taking food from the same big pot)
108. 多极化 multi-polarization
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Top 10 'No 1's in 20092009年中国经济成就十宗“最”双语对照Editor's Note: China has taken the lead in recovering from the global financial crisis, and offers huge market potential in many industries. Here are ten areas where China has scored - or is destined to make – number one in the year 2009, as selected by China Daily website editors.编者按：2009年，中国不仅成为引领全球经济复苏的主力军，同时在很多行业取得了瞩目成就。
以下是由中国日报网选出的2009年中国所取得的十个“之最”。
1. Fastest GDP growthGDP增长最快2. World's No 1 exporter成为世界第一大出口国3. Top IPO destination全球最大IPO（首次公开发行）市场4. World's biggest auto market全球最大汽车市场5. Best performing air transport industry民航业经营状况全球最佳6. World's longest natural gas pipeline世界最长的天然气管道7. World's largest gold consumer世界最大黄金消费国8. China leads in nuke capacity核发电能力世界一流9. China's average housing prices top the world房地产平均价格居世界之首10. World's largest wind turbine market全球最大的风轮机市场1. Fastest GDP growthWith the world still haunted by recession, China seems to be the promise land with a 7.7 percent year-on-year economic growth rate in the first three quarters.The figures outperform all the other countries, including India, ensuring China an annual GDP growth over 8 percent in 2009.China’s year-on-year GDP growth stood at 6.1 percent, 7.9 percent and 8.9 percent respectively for quarter one to quarter three, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, showing a robust but stable recovery.China, together with other emerging economies, plays an important part in leading the world out of the economic downturn, analysts said.1、GDP增长最快2009年，当全世界仍笼罩在经济衰退的阴霾中时，中国前三季度经济同比增长7.7%。
中国的经济增长速度超过包括印度在内的所有其它国家，全年GDP增幅超过8%。
据国家统计局数据，2009年，中国一至三季度的GDP分别同比增长6.1%、7.9%和8.9%，经济复苏势头强劲而不失稳健。
分析人士称，中国和其它发展中国家在带领世界经济走出泥潭的过程中发挥了重要作用。
2. World's No 1 exporterChina edged past Germany in 2009 to become the top exporter, yet another sign of its rapid rise and the spread of economic power from West to East.Total 2009 exports were more than $1.2 trillion. That was ahead of the 816 billion euros ($1.17 trillion) forecast for Germany by its foreign trade organization, BGA.China's new status highlights its growing presence as an industrial power, major b uyer of oil, iron ore and other commodities and, increasingly, as an investor and key voice in managing the global economy.2、成为世界第一大出口国2009年，中国超过德国，成为全球最大出口国，这是中国迅速崛起、世界经济重心东移的又一标志。
全年出口总额超过1.2万亿美元，超过德国贸易委员会对德国出口额所做出的8160亿欧元（1.17万亿）的预测。
这一事实表明中国日益成为一个工业化大国，成为石油、铁矿石和其它重要物资的主要购买者，并日益成为全球经济中的一个投资者，扮演重要角色。
3. Top IPO destinationCompanies raised more capital through initial public offerings (IPOs) on Chinese stock exchanges, including in Hong Kong, than in the US this year –the first time the US hasnot been the top IPO destination since 2006.Companies raised $51.6 billion in China, including $27.2 billion in Hong Kong and $24.4 billion on the mainland. In the US, companies only raised $26.5 billion, according to statistics from the British research company Dealogic.Companies from the mainland accounted for 46 of the 66 new listings on the Hong Kong exchange this year. China Minsheng Banking Corporation raised the most, with HK$30.2 billion ($3.89 billion), and eight of the top ten largest IPOs were mainland companies.3、全球最大IPO（首次公开发行）市场2009年，中国（包括香港）的首次公开发行融资规模超过美国，三年来首次取代其成为全球最大IPO市场。
中国的首次公开发行融资规模达到516亿美元，香港和内地分别占272亿美元和244亿美元。
而据英国Dealogic调查公司的数据，美国的这一数据仅为265亿美元。
在香港新上市的66家企业中，有46家来自内地。
其中，中国民生银行融资规模最大，达到302亿港元，在十家融资规模最大的企业中，有八家来自内地。
4. World's biggest auto marketChina's total vehicle sales exceeded 12 million in the January-November period, retaining its leading position in auto sales and production since January, according to statistics released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM).China sold 7.22 million new vehicles in 2006, overtaking Japan as the second-largest auto market after the US. In January 2009, China sold 735,500 home-made vehicles,surpassing US as the world’s top auto market.China’s auto sales hit 10.9 million in the first ten months of this year, up 37.8 percent overthe same period last year, breaching the 10-million barrier for the first time ever.Boosted by government stimulus measures such as tax cuts and subsidies for trade-ins, sales of all automobiles for the whole year are set to break the 13 million barrier, whichhas consolidated China’s top position in the global automobile market.4、全球最大汽车市场据中国汽车制造协会数据，2009年1月至11月，中国汽车销售总量超过1200万辆，从一月起一直在汽车销售和生产领域处于领先地位。
2006年，中国汽车总销售量为722万量，超过日本，成为仅次于美国的世界第二大汽车市场。