液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法
液化石油气 GB 11174资料
液化石油气G B11174液化石油气 GB 11174-891.主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了由石油炼厂生产的液化石油气的技术条件。
本标准所属的产品适用于作工业和民用燃料。
2.引用标准GB5842 液化石油气钢瓶GB6602 工业用裂解碳四蒸气压的测定雷德法ZB E46001 液化石油气密度或相对密度测定法(压力密度计法)ZB B46002 液化石油气总硫测定法(电量法)SY2081 液化石油气组成测定法(色谱法)SY2083 液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法SY2084 液化石油气采样法SY7509 液化石油气残图物测定法CJ2-81 液化石油气钢瓶角阀3.技术要求┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┓┃项目│质量指标│实验方法┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃密度（15℃），KG／M3 │报告│ ZBE 46001 ┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃蒸气压（37.8℃），KPA 不大于│ 1380 │ GB 6602 ┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃C5及C5以上组分含量，%（V／V）不大于│ 3.0 │ SY 7509 ┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃残留物││ SY7509 ┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃蒸发残留物，ML／100ML │报告│┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃油渍观察值，ML │报告│┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃铜片腐蚀，级不大于│ 1 │ SY 2083 ┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃总硫含量，MG／M3 不大于│ 343 │ ZB E46002 ┃┠──────────────────┼───────┼───────┨┃游离水│无│目测1）┃┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┛注：①为确保液化石油气的使用安全，液化石油气要求有特殊气味，必要时加入硫醇、硫醚等含硫化物配制的加臭剂。
汽柴油铜片腐蚀快速试验法
PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricant R&D Institute
汽油、柴油铜片腐蚀试验法 快速法
6 试验步骤
6.1
把完全清澈、无悬浮水的试样倒入清洁、干燥的试管中30 mL刻
线处，并将经过最后磨光、干净的铜片在1min内浸入该试管的试样中。 将该试管小心地滑入试验钢弹中，并把弹盖旋紧，然后将试验钢弹完 全浸入已维持在90℃±1℃的恒温浴中恒温。 6.2 恒温30min后，小心地取出试验钢弹，并用自来水冲洗试验钢弹
测定。
中 国 石 油 兰 州 润 滑 油 研 发 中 心
PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricant R&D Institute
汽油、柴油铜片腐蚀试验法 快速法
日常操作注意事项
打磨合格的铜片对试验结果至关重要 磨光后的铜片禁止用手接触 浴温要保持在90℃±1℃范围内 所用试剂应经铜片试验合格后使用 试管小心滑入试验弹后，必须旋紧弹盖 从恒温浴中取出的试验弹用自来水冷却到 室温并擦干后再打开
ASTM D4814 汽油 ASTM D975 柴油 EN 228 汽油 EN 590 柴油 JIS K2202 汽油 JIS K2204 柴油 汽油 柴油 GB 1793 车用汽油 GB 252 轻柴油 GB 19147 车用柴油
中 国 石 油 兰 州 润 滑 油 研 发 中 心
PetroChina Lanzhou Lubricant R&D Institute
汽油、柴油铜片腐蚀 快速试验法介绍
兰州润滑油研究开发中心 2011年5月
石油产品的腐蚀性 石油产品的腐蚀性
金属接触
油品腐蚀测定实验报告(3篇)
第1篇一、实验目的本实验旨在通过铜片腐蚀试验，测定不同油品对铜片的腐蚀程度，了解油品的腐蚀性能，为油品的选择和使用提供参考。
二、实验原理铜片腐蚀试验是一种定性方法，主要用于测定油品中腐蚀金属的活性硫化物和元素硫。
试验原理是将磨光的标准尺寸的铜片浸入油中，在一定温度和时间条件下保持，然后取出与未浸油的铜片比较其表面颜色，根据浸过油试片所呈现的绿色、黑色、棕黑色或钢灰色斑点确定腐蚀级别。
三、实验仪器与试剂1. 仪器：铜片腐蚀测定仪、恒温水浴锅、电子天平、计时器、移液管、玻璃试管、标准色板等。
2. 试剂：待测油品、蒸馏水、标准铜片。
四、实验步骤1. 准备工作：将标准铜片用蒸馏水洗净、晾干，并置于干燥器中保存。
2. 标准溶液制备：按照实验要求，将标准油品加入试管中，用移液管移取一定量的油品至试管中，再加入适量的蒸馏水，充分混合。
3. 铜片处理：将标准铜片用蒸馏水洗净、晾干，然后放入油浴锅中，调整温度至规定值。
4. 浸泡：将制备好的标准溶液倒入试管中，将铜片浸入溶液中，计时。
5. 取出：根据实验要求，保持铜片在溶液中的时间，然后取出铜片。
6. 观察与记录：将取出后的铜片与未浸油的铜片进行比较，观察表面颜色变化，记录腐蚀级别。
7. 结果分析：根据标准色板，确定铜片的腐蚀级别。
五、实验结果与分析1. 实验结果：根据实验观察和记录，得到不同油品的腐蚀级别如下：（1）油品A：腐蚀级别为1级（2）油品B：腐蚀级别为2级（3）油品C：腐蚀级别为3级2. 结果分析：通过对比不同油品的腐蚀级别，可以发现，油品A的腐蚀性能最好，油品C的腐蚀性能最差。
这可能与油品的成分、添加剂等因素有关。
六、实验结论本实验通过对不同油品进行铜片腐蚀试验，得出以下结论：1. 铜片腐蚀试验是一种有效的定性方法，可以用于测定油品的腐蚀性能。
2. 油品的腐蚀性能与其成分、添加剂等因素有关。
3. 在选择和使用油品时，应考虑其腐蚀性能，以避免对设备造成损害。
液化石油气新的规范制度
发布时间：2011年12月30日实施时间：2012年07月01日规范号：GB 11174—2011发布单位：中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局、中国国家标准化管理委员会前言本标准第4章、第6章为强制性的，其余为推荐性的。
本标准修改采用ASTM D 1835—2005《液化石油气规范》(英文版)制定。
本标准根据ASTM D 1835—2005重新起草。
本标准与ASTM D 1835—2005标准的主要技术性差异如下：——由于本标准所属产品主要适用于作工业和民用燃料，不适用于作内燃机燃料，所以本标准不包括ASTM D 1835—2005中的“专用丙烷”品种(见本版中表1，ASTM D 1835—2005中表1)；——由于国内液化石油气组分中不仅含有烷烃，还含有烯烃组分，因此考虑国内实际情况，本标准将ASTM D 1835—2005中的“丁烷及以上组分”和“戊烷及以上组分”分别改为“C4及C4以上组分”和“C5及C5以上组分”，并将“商品丙丁烷混合物”的“C5及C5以上组分”指标由“不大于2.0%(体积分数)”改为“不大于3.0%(体积分数)”(见本版中表1，ASTM D 1835—2005中表1)；——本标准适用于我国炼厂和油气田生产的液化石油气，为了与市场上掺混气区别，对“商品丙烷”，增加“C3烃类组分”指标“不小于95%”，对“商品丁烷”和“商品丙丁烷混合物”，增加“C3+C4烃类组分”指标“不小于95%”(见本版中表1)；——为了保证在最高使用温度下容器内液化石油气的压力小于容器的工作压力，“丙丁烷混合物”的“蒸气压”指标由“表注B”改为“不大于1380kPa”(见本版中表1，ASTM D 1835—2005中表1)；——考虑到我国习惯，“总硫含量”的单位由“ppm”改为本标准的“mg/m3”，并根据国内生产情况将“总硫含量”指标减少约10mg/m3(见本版中表1，ASTM D 1835—2005中表1)；——国内生产企业均控制游离水，根据国内实际情况，本标准“商品丙烷”增加了“游离水”指标，取消了“湿度”指标(见本版中表1，ASTM D 1835—2005中表1)。
石油产品铜片腐蚀试验法(GB-T5096-1985)
测定原理
• 把一块已磨光好的铜片浸没在一定量的试
样中，并按产品标准要求加热到指定的温 度，保持一定的时间。待试验周期结束时， 取出铜片，经洗涤后与腐蚀标准色板进行 比较，确定腐蚀级别。
实验仪器
• 试验弹：用不锈钢制作，并能承受689干帕斯卡试验表压 。 • 试管：长150毫米，外径25毫米，壁厚1～2毫米。在试管 30毫升处刻一环线。 • 水浴或其他液体浴(或铝块浴)：能维持在试验所需的温度 40、50或100±l℃(或其他所需的温度)范围内，有合适的 支架能支持试验弹保持在垂直的位置，并使整个试验弹能 浸没在浴液中。有合适的支架能支持住试管在垂直位置， 并浸没至浴液中约l00毫米深度。 • 磨片夹钳或夹具：供磨片时牢固地夹住铜片而不损坏边缘 用。只要能夹紧铜片，并使要磨光的铜片表面能高出夹具 表面的任何形式的夹具都可以使用。 • 观察试管：扁平形，在试验结束时，供检验用或在贮存期 间供盛放腐蚀的铜片用 。
腐蚀标准色板
• 本方法用的腐蚀标准色板是由全色加工复制而成的。它是 在一块铝薄板上印刷四色加工而成，腐蚀标准色板是由代 表失去光泽表面和腐蚀增加程度的典型试验铜片组成(见 下表)。为了保护起见，这些腐蚀标准色板嵌在塑料板中。 在每块标准色板的反面给出了腐蚀标准色板的使用说明。 为了避免色板可能褪色，腐蚀标准色板应避光存放。试验 用的腐蚀标准色板要用另一块在避光下仔细地保护的(新 的)腐蚀标准色板与它进行比较来检查其褪色情况。在散 射的日光(或与散射的日光相当的光线)下，对色板进行观 察：先从上方直接看，然后再从45度角看。如果观察到有 任何褪色的迹象，特别是在腐蚀标准色板的最左边的色板 有这种迹象，则废弃这块色板。
实验步骤
• 把试管的内容物倒入150毫升高型烧杯中，倒时 要让铜片轻轻地滑入，以避免碰破烧杯。用不锈 钢镊子立即将铜片取出，浸入洗涤溶剂中，洗去 试样。立即取出铜片，用定量滤纸吸干铜片上的 洗涤溶剂。把铜片与腐蚀标准色板比较来检查变 色或腐蚀迹象。比较时，把铜片和腐蚀标准色板 对光线成45度角折射的方式拿持，进行观察。
ASTM D130-2004石油产品铜片腐蚀测定
Designation:D130–04e1Designation:154/93An American National StandardFederation of Societies for Paint Technology Standard No.Dt-28-65British Standard4351Standard Test Method forCorrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test1This standard is issued under thefixed designation D130;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1N OTE—Paragraphs11.1.2and11.1.3were editorially corrected to match Table1and ADJD0130.1.Scope1.1This test method covers the determination of the corro-siveness to copper of aviation gasoline,aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline,cleaners(Stoddard)solvent,kerosine, diesel fuel,distillate fuel oil,lubricating oil,and natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure no greater than124kPa(18psi)at37.8°C.(Warning—Some products,particularly natural gasoline,may have a much higher vapor pressure than would normally be characteristic of automotive or aviation gasolines.For this reason,exercise extreme caution to ensure that the pressure vessel used in this test method and containing natural gasoline or other products of high vapor pressure is not placed in the100°C(212°F)bath. Samples having vapor pressures in excess of124kPa(18psi) may develop sufficient pressures at100°C to rupture the pressure vessel.For any sample having a vapor pressure above 124kPa(18psi),use Test Method D1838.)1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.For specific warning statements,see1.1,6.1,and Annex A2.2.Referenced Documents2.1ASTM Standards:2D396Specification for Fuel OilsD975Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD1655Specification for Aviation Turbine FuelsD1838Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Lique-fied Petroleum(LP)GasesD4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsE1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers 2.2ASTM Adjuncts:ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard33.Summary of Test Method3.1A polished copper strip is immersed in a specific volume of the sample being tested and heated under conditions of temperature and time that are specific to the class of material being tested.At the end of the heating period,the copper strip is removed,washed and the color and tarnish level assessed against the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard.4.Significance and Use4.1Crude petroleum contains sulfur compounds,most of which are removed during refining.However,of the sulfur compounds remaining in the petroleum product,some can have a corroding action on various metals and this corrosivity is not1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05on Properties of Fuels,Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.Current edition approved May1,2004.Published June2004.Originally approved in1922,replacing former st previous edition approved in2000as D130–94(2000)e1.In the IP,this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.It is issued under thefixed designation IP154.Thefinal number indicates the year of last revision.This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters.Order Adjunct No. s of suppliers in the United Kingdom can be obtained from Energy Institute,61New Cavendish St.,London,WIG7AR,U.K.Two master standards are held by the IP for reference.Copyright©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.necessarily related directly to the total sulfur content.Theeffect can vary according to the chemical types of sulfur compounds present.The copper strip corrosion test is designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum product.5.Apparatus5.1Copper Strip Corrosion Pressure Vessel,constructed from stainless steel according to the dimensions as given in Fig.1.The vessel shall be capable of withstanding a test pressure of700kPa gage(100psi).Alternative designs for the vessel’s cap and synthetic rubber gasket may be used provided that the internal dimensions of the vessel are the same as those shown in Fig.1.The internal dimensions of the pressure vessel are such that a nominal25-mm by150-mm test tube can be placed inside the pressure vessel.5.2Test Tubes,of borosilicate glass of nominal25-mm by 150-mm dimensions.The internal dimensions shall be checked as acceptable by use of a copper strip(see6.3).When30mL of liquid is added to the test tube with the copper strip in it,a minimum of5-mm of liquid shall be above the top surface of the strip.5.3Test Baths:5.3.1General—All test baths shall be able to maintain the test temperature to within61°C(2°F)of the required test temperature.5.3.2Liquid Bath Used for Submerging Pressure Vessel(s)—The bath shall be deep enough to submerge one or more pressure vessels(see5.1)completely during the test.As the bath medium,use water or any liquid that can be satisfac-torily controlled to the sample test temperature.The bath shall befitted with suitable supports to hold each pressure vessel ina vertical position when submerged.5.3.3Bath(s)Used for Test Tubes—Liquid baths shall be fitted with suitable supports to hold each test tube(see5.2)in a vertical position to a depth of about100-mm(4-in.)as measured from the bottom of the test tube to the bath surface. As a liquid bath medium,water and oil have been found satisfactory and controllable at the specified test temperature. Solid block baths shall meet the same temperature control and immersion conditions and shall be checked for temperature measurement(heat transfer)for each product class by running tests on tubesfilled with30mL of product plus a metal strip of the nominal dimensions given,plus a temperature sensor. 5.4Temperature Sensing Device(TSD),capable of monitor-ing the desired test temperature in the bath to within an accuracy of61°C or better.The ASTM12C(12F)(see Specification E1)or IP64C(64F)total immersion thermom-eters have been found suitable to use in the test.If used,no more than10-mm(0.4-in.)of the mercury should extend above the surface of the bath at the test temperature.5.5Polishing Vise,for holding the copper stripfirmly without marring the edges while polishing.Any convenient type of holder(see Appendix X1)may be used provided that the strip is held tightly and that the surface of the strip being polished is supported above the surface of the holder.5.6Viewing Test Tubes,flat glass test tubes,are convenient for protecting corroded copper strips for close inspection or storage(see Appendix X1for the description of aflat-glass Key:1Lifting eye2Wide groove for pressure relief3Knurled cap4Twelve threads per inch NF thread or equivalent5Camber inside cap to protect“O”ring when closing pressure vessel6Synthetic rubber“O”ring without free sulfur7Seamless tubeMaterial:stainless steelWelded constructionMaximum test gage pressure:700kPaN OTE1—Dimensions in millimetres.N OTE2—All dimensions without tolerance limits are nominal values.FIG.1Pressure Vessel for Copper Strip CorrosionTestviewing tube).The viewing test tube shall be of such dimen-sions as to allow the introduction of a copper strip(see6.3)and made of glass free of striae or similar defects.5.7Forceps,with either stainless steel or polytetrafluoroet-hylene(PTFE)tips,for use in handling the copper strips,have been found suitable to use.5.8Timing Device,electronic or manual,capable of accu-rately measuring the test duration within the allowable toler-ance.6.Reagents and Materials6.1Wash Solvent—Any volatile,less than5mg/kg sulfur hydrocarbon solvent may be used provided that it shows no tarnish at all when tested for3h at50°C(122°F).2,2,4-trimethylpentane(isooctane)of minimum99.75%purity is the referee solvent and should be used in case of dispute. (Warning—extremelyflammable,see A2.1.)6.2Surface Preparation/Polishing Materials,00grade or finer steel wool or silicon carbide grit paper or cloth of varying degrees offineness including65-µm(240-grit)grade;also a supply of105-µm(150-mesh)size silicon carbide grain or powder and absorbent cotton(cotton wool).A commercial grade is suitable,but pharmaceutical grade is most commonly available and is acceptable.6.3Copper Strips Specification—Use strips approximately 12.5-mm(1⁄2-in.)wide,1.5to3.0-mm(1⁄16to1⁄8-in.)thick,cut approximately75-mm(3-in.)long from smooth-surfaced, hard-temper,cold-finished copper of99.9+%purity;electrical bus bar stock is generally suitable(see Annex A1).The strips may be used repeatedly but should be discarded when the strip’s surface shows pitting or deep scratches that cannot be removed by the specified polishing procedure,or when the surface becomes deformed.6.4Ashless Filter Paper or Disposable Gloves,for use in protecting the copper strip from coming in contact with the individual duringfinal polishing.7.ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards37.1These consist of reproductions in color of typical test strips representing increasing degrees of tarnish and corrosion, the reproductions being encased for protection in plastic and made up in the form of a plaque.7.1.1Keep the plastic-encased ASTM Copper Strip Corro-sion Standards protected from light to avoid the possibility of fading.Inspect for fading by comparing two different plaques, one of which has been carefully protected from light(for example,new plaque).Observe both sets in diffused daylight (or equivalent)first from a point directly above and then from an angle of45°.If any evidence of fading is observed, particularly at the left-hand end of the plaque,it is suggested that the one that is the more faded with respect to the other be discarded.7.1.1.1Alternatively,place a suitably sized opaque strip(for example,20-mm(3⁄4-in.)black electrical tape)across the top of the colored portion of the plaque when initially purchased.At intervals remove the opaque strip and observe.When there is any evidence of fading of the exposed portion,the standards shall be replaced.7.1.1.2These plaques are full-color reproductions of typical strips.They have been printed on aluminum sheets by a4-color process and are encased in plastic for protection.Directions for their use are given on the reverse side of each plaque.7.1.2If the surface of the plastic cover shows excessive scratching,it is suggested that the plaque be replaced.8.Samples8.1In accordance with D4057or D4177,or both,it is particularly important that all types of fuel samples,that pass a low-tarnish strip classification,be collected in clean,dark glass bottles,plastic bottles,or other suitable containers that will not affect the corrosive properties of the fuel.Avoid the use of tin plate containers for collection of samples,since experience has shown that they may contribute to the corrosiveness of the sample.8.2Fill the containers as completely as possible and close them immediately after taking the sample.Adequate headspace in the container is necessary to provide room for possible thermal expansion during transport.It is recommended that volatile samples befilled between70and80%of the contain-er’s capacity.Take care during sampling to protect the samples from exposure to direct sunlight or even diffused daylight. Carry out the test as soon as possible after receipt in the laboratory and immediately after opening the container.8.3If suspended water(that is,haze)is observed in the sample,dry byfiltering a sufficient volume of sample through a medium rapid qualitativefilter,into the prescribed clean,dry test tube.Carry out this operation in a darkened room or undera light-protected shield.8.3.1Contact of the copper strip with water before,during or after completion of the test run will cause staining,making it difficult to evaluate the strips.9.Preparation of Test Strips9.1Surface Preparation—Remove all surface blemishes from all six sides of the strip obtained from a previous analysis (see Note1).One way to accomplish this is to use00grade or finer steel wool or silicon carbide paper or cloth of such degrees offineness as are needed to accomplish the desired results efficiently.Finish with65-µm(240-grit)silicon carbide paper or cloth,removing all marks that may have been made by other grades of paper used previously.Ensure the prepared copper strip is protected from oxidation prior tofinal prepara-tion,such as by immersing the strip in wash solvent from which it can be withdrawn immediately forfinal preparation (polishing)or in which it can be stored for future use.N OTE1—Onlyfinal preparation(9.2)is necessary for commercially purchased pre-polished strips.9.1.1As a practical manual procedure for surface prepara-tion,place a sheet of silicon carbide paper or cloth on aflat surface and moisten it with kerosine or wash solvent.Rub the strip against the silicon carbide paper or cloth with a circular motion,protecting the strip from contact with thefingers by using ashlessfilter paper or wearing disposable gloves.Alter-natively,the surface of the strip can be prepared by use of motor-driven machines using appropriate grades of dry paper orcloth.9.2Final Preparation—For strips prepared in9.1or new strips being used for thefirst time,remove a strip from its protected location,such as by removing it from the wash solvent.To prevent possible surface contamination duringfinal preparation,do not allowfingers to come in direct contact with the copper strips,such as by wearing disposable gloves or holding the strips in thefingers protected with ashlessfilter paper.Polishfirst the ends and then the sides with the105-mm (150-mesh)silicon carbide grains picked up with a pad of cotton(cotton wool)moistened with wash solvent.Wipe vigorously with fresh pads of cotton(cotton wool)and subse-quently handle without touching the surface of the strip with thefingers.Forceps have been found suitable to use.Clamp in a vise and polish the main surfaces with silicon-carbide grains on absorbent cotton.Do not polish in a circular motion.Rub in the direction of the long axis of the strip,carrying the stroke beyond the end of the strip before reversing the direction. Clean all metal dust from the strip by rubbing vigorously with clean pads of absorbent cotton until a fresh pad remains unsoiled.When the strip is clean,immediately immerse it in the prepared sample.9.2.1It is important to polish the whole surface of the strip uniformly to obtain a uniformly stained strip.If the edges show wear(surface elliptical),they will likely show more corrosion than the center.The use of a vise(see Appendix X1)will facilitate uniform polishing.9.2.2It is important to follow the order of preparation with the correctly sized silicon carbide material as described in9.1 and9.2.Thefinal preparation is with105-µm silicon carbide powder.This is a larger grain size than the65-µm paper used in the surface preparation stage.The reason for this use of larger silicon carbide grains in thefinal preparation is to produce asperities(controlled roughness)on the surface of the copper,which act as sites for the initiation of corrosion reactions.10.Procedure10.1General—There are a variety of test conditions,which are broadly specific to given classes of product but,within certain classes,more than one set of test conditions of time or temperature,or both,may apply.In general,aviation gasoline shall be tested in a pressure vessel at100°C and other high vapor pressure fuels,like natural gasoline,at40°C.Other liquid products shall be tested in a test tube at50°C,100°C or even higher temperatures.The conditions of time and tempera-ture given below are commonly used and are quoted in the ASTM specifications for these products where such specifica-tions exist.They are,however,guides only.Other conditions can also be used when required by specifications or by agreement between parties.The test conditions of time and temperature shall be recorded as part of the result(see12.1).10.2Pressure Vessel Procedure—For use with aviation gasoline and higher vapor pressure samples.10.2.1For Aviation Gasoline and Aviation Turbine Fuel—Place30mL of sample,completely clear and free of any suspended or entrained water(see8.3)into a chemically clean and dry25-mm by150-mm test tube.Within1min after completing thefinal preparation(polishing),slide the copper strip into the sample tube.Place the sample tube into the pressure vessel(Fig.1)and screw the lid on tightly.If more than one sample is to be analyzed at essentially the same time, it is permissible to prepare each pressure vessel in the batch before completely immersing each pressure vessel in the liquid bath at10061°C(21262°F),provided the elapsed time between thefirst and last samples is kept to a minimum.After 2h65min in the bath,withdraw the pressure vessel and immerse for a few minutes in cool water(tap water).Open the pressure vessel,withdraw the test tube and examine the strip as described in10.4.10.2.2For Natural Gasoline—Carry out the test exactly as described in10.2.1but at40°C(104°F)and for3h65min.10.3Test Tube Procedure—For use with most liquid prod-ucts.10.3.1For Diesel Fuel,Fuel Oil,Automotive Gasoline—Place30mL of sample,completely clear and free of any suspended or entrained water(see8.3),into a chemically clean, dry25-mm by150-mm test tube and,within1min after completing thefinal preparation(polishing),slide the copper strip into the sample tube.If more than one sample is to be analyzed at essentially the same time,it is permissible to prepare each sample in the batch by stoppering each tube with a vented stopper,such as a vented cork before placing each tube in a bath maintained at5061°C(12262°F),provided the elapsed time between thefirst and last sample prepared is kept to a minimum.Protect the contents of the test tube from strong light during the test.After3h65min in the bath, examine the strip as described in10.4.For tests on fuel oil and diesel fuel,to specifications other than Specifications D396 and D975,a temperature of100°C(212°F)for3h is often used as an alternative set of conditions.Some automotive gasolines with vapor pressure above80kPa at37.8°C have exhibited evaporation losses in excess of10%of their volume. If such evaporation losses are apparent,it is recommended that the Pressure Vessel Procedure(see10.2)be used.10.3.2For Cleaners(Stoddard)Solvent and Kerosine—Carry out the test exactly as described in10.3.1but at1006 1°C(21262°F).10.3.3For Lubricating Oil—Carry out the test exactly as described in10.3.1,but the tests can be carried out for varying times and at elevated temperatures other than100°C(212°F). For the sake of uniformity,it is suggested that even increments of5°C,beginning with150°C,be used.10.4Strip Examination:10.4.1Empty the contents of the test tube into a suitably sized receiver.If a receiver made out of glass is used,such as a150-mL tall-form beaker,let the strip slide in gently so as to avoid breaking the glass.Immediately withdraw the strip with forceps and immerse in wash solvent.Withdraw the strip at once,dry and inspect for evidence of tarnishing or corrosion by comparison with the Copper Strip Corrosion Standards.The step of drying the strip may be done by blotting withfilter paper,air drying,or by other suitable means.Hold both the test strip and the standard strip plaque in such a manner that light reflected from them at an angle of approximately45°will be observed.10.4.2In handling the test strip during the inspection and comparison,the danger of marking or staining can beavoidedif it is inserted in a flat glass tube (see Appendix X1),which can be stoppered with absorbent cotton.11.Interpretation of Results11.1Interpret the corrosiveness of the sample in accordance with one of the classifications of the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard as listed in Table 1.11.1.1When a strip is in the obvious transition state between that indicated by any two adjacent standard strips,rate the sample at the more tarnished classification.Should a strip appear to have a darker orange color than Standard Strip 1b,consider the observed strip as still belonging in Classification 1;however,if any evidence of red color is observed,the observed strip belongs in Classification 2.11.1.2A 2a strip can be mistaken for a 3a strip if the brassy underlay of the 3a strip is completely masked by a magenta overtone.To distinguish,immerse the strip in wash solvent;a 2a strip will appear as a 1b strip,while a 3a strip will not change.11.1.3To distinguish a 2c strip from a 3b strip,place a test strip in a 25-mm by 150-mm test tube and bring to a temperature of 340630°C in 4to 6min with the tube lying on a hot plate.Adjust to temperature by observing a high distillation thermometer inserted into a second test tube.Thus,a 2c strip will assume the color of a 2d strip and successive stages of tarnish;a 3b strip will take on the appearance of a 4a strip.11.1.4Repeat the test if blemishes due to fingerprints are observed,or due to spots from any particles or water droplets that may have touched the test strip during the digestion period.11.1.5Repeat the test also if the sharp edges along the flat faces of the strip appear to be in a classification higher than the greater portion of the strip;in this case,it is likely that the edges were burnished during preparation (polishing).12.Report12.1Report the corrosiveness in accordance with one of the classifications listed in Table 1.State the duration of the test and the test temperature in the following format:Corrosion copper strip ~X h /Y °C !,Classification Zpwhere:X =test duration,in hours,Y =test temperature,°C,Z =classification category (that is,1,2,3,or 4),and p =classification description for the corresponding Z (forexample,a,b).13.Precision and Bias13.1In the case of pass/fail data,no generally accepted method for determining precision or bias is currently available.14.Keywords14.1automotive gasoline;aviation gasoline;aviation tur-bine fuel;copper corrosion;copper strip;corrosiveness to copper;natural gasolineTABLE 1Copper Strip ClassificationsClassification Designation Description AFreshly polished strip...B1slight tarnisha.Light orange,almost the same as freshly polished stripb.Dark orange 2moderate tarnish a.Claret red ... vender... c.Multicolored with lavender blue or silver,or both,overlaid on claret red ... d.Silvery...e.Brassy or gold3dark tarnish a.Magenta overcast on brassy strip... b.Multicolored with red and green showing (peacock),but no gray4corrosion a.Transparent black,dark gray or brown with peacock green barely showing ... b.Graphite or lusterless black ...c.Glossy or jet blackAThe ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standard is a colored reproduction of strips characteristic of these descriptions.BThe freshly polished strip is included in the series only as an indication of the appearance of a properly polished strip before a test run;it is not possible to duplicate this appearance after a test even with a completely noncorrosivesample.ANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1.COPPER QUALITYA1.1Copper QualityA1.1.1Hard-temper,cold-finished type-(ETP)electrolytic tough pitch copper.4A2.WARNING STATEMENTSA2.1IsooctaneHarmful if inhaled.Vapors may cause flash fire.Keep away from heat,sparks,and open flame.Keep container closed.Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid build-up of vapors and eliminate all sources of ignition,especially nonexplosion-proof electrical apparatus and heaters.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.A2.2Aviation Turbine Fuel (Jet A or A-1,seeSpecification D 1655)Keep away from heat,sparks,and open flames.Keep container closed.Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid breathing vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.A2.3Gasoline (Containing Lead)Keep away from heat,sparks,and open flame.Keep container closed.Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid build-up of vapors and eliminate all sources of ignition,especially nonexplosion-proof electrical apparatus and heaters.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.A2.4Gasoline (White or Unleaded)Keep away from heat,sparks,and open flame.Keep container closed.Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid build-up of vapors and eliminate all sources of ignition,especially nonexplosion-proof electrical apparatus and heaters.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.A2.5KerosineKeep away from heat,sparks,and open flame.Keep container closed.Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid breathing vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.A2.6Stoddard SolventKeep away from heat,sparks,and open flame.Keep container closed.Use with adequate ventilation.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated skin contact.4Conforming to Copper Development Association (CDA),United States of America No.110,or to British Standard (BS)EN 1652or BS 4608,which have properquality.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.OPTIONAL USEFUL EQUIPMENTX1.1Viewing TubeX1.1.1A usefulflat glass test tube for holding tarnishedcopper strips for inspection or for storage for later inspection isillustrated and dimensioned in Fig.X1.1.X1.2Strip ViseX1.2.1A useful and convenient vise for holding up to fourcopper strips duringfinal polishing is illustrated and dimen-sioned in Fig.X1.2.N OTE1—Dimensions in millimetres.N OTE2—The dimensions are the minimum dimensions that shall allowthe introduction of a copper strip.N OTE3—The tube shall be free of striae or similar defects.FIG.X1.1Flat Glass Viewing Test TubeKey:1Material:Plastic2Material:Brass3Wing nut4Ø5-mm metric thread or equivalentN OTE—Dimensions in millimetres.FIG.X1.2Multistrip ViseASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website ().。
液化石油气检测报告详解
液化石油气检测报告详解目前，对液化石油气的检测采用国家强制标准GH11174《液化石油气》，所检测项目包括密度、蒸气压、组分、残留物、铜片腐蚀、总硫含量和游离水等七项。
1. 标准中没有对密度规定具体的质量指标，只是在检测报告中列出试验结果，不能进行合格与否的判定。
其具体试验方法按标准SH/T0221《液化石油气密度或相对密度测定法》：有15C或20C两种，在结果中应注明具体的密度单位和试验温度。
本标准与国际标准IS03993《液化石油气和轻质烃密度或相对密度测定法（压力密度计法）》基本相同，在IS03993中，规定试验温度还可以为60华氏度。
2. 蒸气压是指液体的蒸气与液体处于平衡状态时所产生的压力。
它作为一项安全指标，保证产品的安全处置，对运输容器、贮存容器及用户使用设备有重要意义。
其质量指标要求不大于138OkPa ,试验方法按标准GB6602《液化石油气蒸气压侧定法》。
3. 组分的测定在液化气的测定中是一个重要的项目，通过它可以校验其它项目，同时也是炼油厂的重要参考指标。
按照标准SH1T0230《液化石油气组分测定法》或GB 10410.3 《液化石油气组分气相色谱分析法》检测，两者具体方法相同，不再重复，在此主要谈谈对标准中的几点不同看法。
1）SH/T0230和GB 10410.3均采用气化试样进样方法，见图1.S 1毛化试稈系统⅛⅛ffi卜试样钢瓶卜容器阀3「流量调节国4水浴装S ”六通阀A裁止阀该系统存在一定的缺陷，通常通过流量调节阀来控制管路中的流量，由于液化气的压力较大，要达到标准中规定的流量(5〜IOOmL∕min),只有将流量调节阀打开少许，在此存在气化现象，又由于液化气中各组分气化能力的不同，C2、C3轻组分有一部分先气化，相对难气化的C4 C5进入后面管路的比例会减少，所以测得的组分与液相成分会有一定差异。
之间加热气化。
这样保证了通过六通阀的是与原液相成分相同的液体,将气化装置置于六通阀和色谱柱之间。
液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法
安全管理/行业安全液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法一、概述铜片腐蚀：在规定条件下，测试液化石油气对铜的腐蚀趋向的试验。
液化石油气的铜片腐蚀试验，主要是测定液化石油气的腐蚀性程度。
因为液化石油气在储运及使用过程中，均采用金属容器罐装，如果液化石油气腐蚀性过强，就会造成储运设备，容器的严重腐蚀，致使缩短使用期限，甚至引发其他危险。
因此，这项试验有重要意义。
我国现行的液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法是采用SH／T 0232《液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法》，该方法等效采用ISO 6521-1982《液化石油气铜片试验法》。
二、原理将磨光的铜片，全部浸入装有100mL已被水饱和的试样的容器中，该容器应具有一定的工作压力(≥7.0MPa)，在40℃温度下放置1h，取出后与标准色板比较，判断其腐蚀级别。
三、仪器设备(1)铜片腐蚀试验弹：由不锈钢制成，容量约160mL。
整套组件应能经受约7.0MPa的静压试验，当用气体约在3.5MPa压力下试验时应无泄漏，见图1-6-4。
(2)恒温水浴：能够维持40℃±0.5℃的水温并配有使试验弹保持垂直的悬架或支架，有足够的空间可以将整个圆筒(包括阀)浸没。
(3)水银温度计：全浸0～50℃分度0.1℃。
(4)铜片磨光夹具：磨铜片用，能够夹紧铜片且不损伤铜片边缘，方便铜片磨光操作即可。
四、材料(1)洗涤溶剂：标准异辛烷，或其他无硫烃类溶剂，例如石油醚(90～120℃)。
图1-6-4 铜片腐蚀试验弹1-6mm的针型阀A；2-氯丁橡胶O形密封圈；3-铜片；4-6mm的针型阀B(2)铜片：电解铜，纯度99.9％以上，长7.5cm，宽1.25cm，厚0.15～0.30cm，表面光滑经冷轧淬硬，且在一端中心3.0mm 处钻一直径为3.0mm的小孔。
(3)磨光材料：65μm碳化硅或刚玉砂纸、砂布，抛光用150目的碳化硅或刚玉砂，以及药用脱酯棉。
五、标准色板(1)腐蚀标准色板为全色复制品。
它是在铝板上通过四道色加工处理印成的。
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液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法
一、概述
铜片腐蚀：在规定条件下，测试液化石油气对铜的腐蚀趋向的试验。
液化石油气的铜片腐蚀试验，主要是测定液化石油气的腐蚀性程度。
因为液化石油气在储运及使用过程中，均采用金属容器罐装，如果液化石油气腐蚀性过强，就会造成储运设备，容器的严重腐蚀，致使缩短使用期限，甚至引发其他危险。
因此，这项试验有重要意义。
我国现行的液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法是采用SH／T 0232《液化石油气铜片腐蚀试验法》，该方法等效采用ISO 6521-1982《液化石油气铜片试验法》。
二、原理
将磨光的铜片，全部浸入装有100mL已被水饱和的试样的容器中，该容器应具有一定的工作压力(≥7.0MPa)，在40℃温度下放置1h，取出后与标准色板比较，判断其腐蚀级别。
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