基于概率潜在语义分析模型的自动答案选择
学位英语考试词汇语法选择练习题及答案
学位英语考试词汇语法选择练习题及答案 1._____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 答案解析：B 【句意】如果知道你忙，我就不会问问题打扰你了。 【解析】此题为省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，其结构为had+主语+过去分词+句子其它，主句结构为：主语+ would had done. 2.Tom said that he wouldn’t mind _____. A. to wait for us B. waiting for us C. wait for us D. for waiting us 答案解析：B 【句意】汤姆说他不介意等我们。 【解析】mind，avoid，admit，enjoy，escape，finish，can’t help，postpone，practise，risk，suggest等动词后要求用动名词doing做宾语。 3.They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theater, the
cinema or the opera, _____, perhaps, that show is disappointing. A. only to discover B. only discovering C. only so as to discover D. only for discovering Best Answer: A 详解：应选A项。only to do sth意为“结果只是……”，其逻辑主语是they. 4.For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically really for the new idea. A. would be B. were C. be D. is Best Answer: C 详解：应选C项。require要求从句的谓语省略should +动词原形。 5.The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments. A. climate B. weather C. temperature D. state
部编版小学四年级下册语文期末专项试题：字词义理解(含答案)
字词义理解 班级__________ 姓名__________ 得分__________时间：40分钟满分：100分一、根据句子的意思给加点字选择正确的意思。(27分) 空：①天空；②里面没有东西或没有内容；③无着落，无成效。 1．等到鹅再来吃饭的时候，饭罐已经空．空如也。( ) 2．我天没亮就去他家找他，结果还是扑了个空．。( ) 胜：①赢，占优势；②超过；③优美的；④尽；⑤能承受。 3．我们不胜．其烦，以后便将饭罐和水盆放在一起，免得它走远去，让鸡、狗偷饭吃。( ) 4．抗日战争取得了伟大胜．利。( ) 观：①看；②看到的景象；③对事物的认识、看法。 5．这不是很伟大的奇观．吗？( ) 6．请大家畅所欲言，积极发表自己的观．点。( ) 端：①端正，不歪斜；②(东西的)头；③方面，项目；④(事情的)开头；⑤平举着拿。 7．这些石钟乳和石笋，形状变化多端．。( ) 8．他端．着大碗走出厨房。( ) 9．近日，刘涛受邀为《淑媛》杂志拍摄了一组全新大片，以端．庄大方的形象亮相。( ) 二、下列句子中画线的词语意思一样的一项是( )(4分) A．他在全校作文比赛中脱颖而出，全班的同学都为他感到骄傲。 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 B．春天来了，冰雪融化，大地变得温暖起来。
老师的关怀温暖了我的心。 C．为了能取得好成绩，他学习很努力。 爸爸努力工作，很快就升职了。 D．秋天来了，树上的果子成熟了。 我的意见还很不成熟。 三、下面画线词语解释有误的一项是( )(4分) A．对于这个问题，我也无能为力。 (用不上力量；没有能力或者能力达不到) B．天气太热了，连小狗都耷拉着脑袋，没有一点儿生气。 (不高兴) C．天窗是孩子们下雨天唯一的慰藉。 (只有一个，独一无二) D．我国科学家发现了保存有羽毛的恐龙化石，使全世界的研究者们欣喜若狂。 (形容高兴到了极点) 四、将画线部分换成恰当的四字词语。(12分) 1．上课时，同学们全副精神高度集中地听讲。( ) 2．张红做事总是那么认真、仔细，一丝一毫也不马虎。 ( ) 3．他整天没有一点儿忧愁和顾虑，快活得不得了。 ( ) 五、阅读短文，完成后面的练习。(53分)
概率论与数理统计练习题练习题及参考答案
《 概率论与数理统计》练习题一 一、判断正误，在括号内打√或× 1．n X X X ,,,21 是取自总体),(2 σμN 的样本，则∑== n i i X n X 1 1 服从)1,0(N 分布； 2．设随机向量),(Y X 的联合分布函数为),(y x F ，其边缘分布函数)(x F X 是)0,(x F ； 3．（√）设{}∞+-∞=Ω＜＜x x |，{}20|＜x x A ≤=，{}31|＜x x B ≤=，则B A 表示{}10|＜＜x x ； 4．若事件A 与B 互斥，则A 与B 一定相互独立； 5．对于任意两个事件B A 、，必有=B A B A ； 6．设A 表示事件“甲种产品畅销，乙种产品滞销”，则其对立事件A 为“甲种产品滞销或乙种产品畅销”； 7．（√）B A 、为两个事件，则A B A AB = ； 8．（√）已知随机变量X 与Y 相互独立，4)(, 8)(==Y D X D ，则4)(=-Y X D ； 9．（√）设总体)1,(~μN X ， 1X ,2X ,3X 是来自于总体的样本，则3216 3 6161?X X X ++=μ 是μ的无偏估计量； 10．（√）回归分析可以帮助我们判断一个随机变量和另一个普通变量之间是否存在某种相关关系。 二、填空题 1．设C B A 、、是3个随机事件，则事件“A 和B 都发生而C 不发生”用C B A 、、表示为C AB 2．设随机变量X 服从二项分布),(p n B ，则 =EX DX p -1: 3．?????≤≤-=,, , 0,1)(其他b x a a b x f 是 均匀 分布的密度函数； 4．若事件C B A 、、相互独立，且25.0)(=A P ，5.0)(=B P ，4.0)(=C P ，则)(C B A P =分布函数； 5．设随机变量X 的概率分布为 则=a )()(Y D X D +； 6．设随机变量X 的概率分布为
词汇测试100题
词汇测试100题 I. 单项选择 1. With the _______of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party. A. exhibition B. exception C. except D. reception 2. Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a _______ speed. A. spare B. fast C. moderate D. moral 3. All the memories of his childhood had _______ from his mind by the time he was 65. A. faded B. illustrated C. confined D. concerned 4. This river is so big that it is impossible to build a _______ under it without modern technology. A. canal B. tunnel C. channel D. cable 5. The _______ is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again. A. bean B. beam C. bake D. battery 6. When making modern cameras , people began to _______ plastics for metal. A. surround B. substance C. stretch D. substitute 7. With the help of the government, a large number of people ---_______ after the flood in 1991. A. survived B. suspended C. suffered D. subjected 8. He always has a lot of _______ ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinking about. A. novel B. spoil C. acceptable D. additional 9. Please be serious. I am not _______. You should consider it carefully A. sorting B. joking C. counting D. comparing 10. We do not have a _______ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. . A. continue B. bay C. assistance D. graduate 11. In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the ________ government, not by each state. A. federal B. figure C. scientific D. service 12. He works in our university as a visiting _______, not as a formal faculty member. A. traditional B. scholar C. nurse D. pilot 13. When you fill in the application form, please use your _______ address so that we can contact you easily later. A. policy B. plain C. permanent D. principal 14. John _______ to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude. A. pretends B. assures C. affords D. melts 15. We can not trust him any more because he often ________ his duty. A. owes B. spoils C. deserts D. neglects 16. In order to increase our output, we need to import more production _______. A. facilities B. hens C. votes D. artists 17. When a spacecraft travels, on e of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s _______. A. surface B. atmosphere C. attitude D. bent 18. This river forms a natural _______ between China and Korea. A. boundary B. string C. spot D. zone 19. She is already 16 years old. But she _______as if she were still a little girl.
11选10词汇题练习含答案6套
It was already midnight. At one end of the big house, on a sort of a raised platform, Major was already sitting in comfort on his bed of straw. He was twelve years old and had __1__ grown rather fat, but he was still a majestic-looking (威武的) pig, with a wise and kind appearance. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves __2_ _ after their different fashions. First came the three dogs, Bluebell, Jessie, and Pincher, and then the pigs, who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The hens rested themselves beside the window. The pigeons flew up to the rafters(房梁). The sheep and cows lay down behind the pigs. The two cart-horses, Boxer and Clover, came in together, walking very slowly and setting down their vast hairy hoofs (马蹄) with great care in case there should be some small animal __3_ in the straw. Clover was a motherly horse ___4___ middle life, who had never quite got her figure back after her fourth baby. Boxer was an enormous beast, nearly eighteen hands high, and as strong as any two ordinary horses ___5____ __ together. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance, and in fact he was not of first-rate ___6__ __, but he was ___7__ __ respected for his steadiness of character and ___8___ powers of work. After the horses came Muriel, the white goat, and Benjamin, the donkey. Benjamin was the oldest animal on the farm, and the worst ___9___ __. He seldom talked, and when he did, it was usually to make some ironical __10__ _----for instance, he would say that God had given him a tail to keep the flies off, but that he would rather have had no tail and no flies. Alone among the animals on the farm he never laughed. If asked why, he would say that he saw nothing to laugh at. BJGHEKCDAI When Minnesota Bank and Trust opened in 2008, CEO Kate Kelly was determined to make it a place people wanted to work. So she __1__ three volunteers to the employee event committee and waited to see what would happen. Soon, there was lawn bowling, miniature golf, blue-jean Fridays and a(n) __2__ _ holiday trip to Wal-mart where each worker got $ 10 to buy a Secret Santa gift. ‘It is nice every once in a while to just laugh,’ Kelly said. ‘There is a(n) ___3__ _ difference in the mood here after an event. Everyone is chatting and laughing. You d on’t have to spend a lot of money.’ Yet the __4_ __ is significant: people want to work there. And that’s important, according to a report __5__ __ by the Society of Human Resources Management. If employers don’t want their best talent to slip out the door for good, they need to develop the programs aimed at keeping their employees. Some executives say they are determined to keep their best talent and to spend the time and money necessary to __6 __ that all workers have a fun, engaging workplace where they feel ___7_ _. Kelly said her bank grew from 20 employees to 33 in four years. At the same time, she’s lost just three workers since 2008. It takes 12 to 18 months of training to replace a person who leaves. So her ___8_ __ in fun makes a lot of sense. Jessica Pecoraro is a member of the Women President Organisation. Every leader in that group ‘is looking for _9__ methods other than salary to motivate people, one, so they perform and two, so th ey stay.’ Beyond money, they look for ways to have fun. Other _10__ on investments come in all sizes of smiles and in all manner of nuttiness(疯狂) that often have little to do with the job at hand.
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
词义选择、引申与褒贬
2012商务英语1班 自主实践商务英语翻译竞赛——————词义选择、引申与褒贬 12010401003厉雪 12010401004付思宇
目录 第一部分内容简介 (1) 第二部分翻译技巧归纳及译例分析 (2) 一、词义的选择 (2) 二、词义的引申 (4) 三、词义的褒贬 (8) 第三部分小结 (10) 第四部分句子翻译 (11) 第五部分短篇翻译 (13) 一、原文及译文 (13) 二、解析 (14) 第六部分参考文献 (16)
第一部分内容简介 词语是翻译活动的基本单位，无论是句子、段落还是语篇，都是由单词构成的，因此，在翻译过程中，译者在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，符合译文习惯说法。翻译一定要把语言和环境、语言和表达、语言和情感结合起来，注意词义的选择、引申和褒贬这三方面的问题。 词义选择要求我们能够在繁多的词义中选出最符合语境的词义，选择词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面着手：1.根据词性确定词义2.根据场合与上下文确定词义 3.根据词的搭配关系确定词义。 词义引申就是根据上下文的内在联系，通过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里，进行恰如其分的引申，运用一些符合汉语习惯的表现法，选用确切的汉语词句，将原文内容的实质准确地表达出来。词义引申可以归为四大类：分别是逻辑引申、语用引申、修辞性引申和概念范围的调整。其中逻辑引申又可以分为具象化引申和抽象化引申。 英语中存在大量具有浓烈感情色彩的词汇，翻译时需要我们根据具体语境做出相应的表达，这就是词的褒贬作用。.有些词本身就有明确的褒义或贬义，汉译时做相应的表达; 某些英语词语汇集褒义和贬义于一身，汉译时要根据原句的上下文和语境来确定这些词汇的褒贬意义;有些词义是中立的，本身不表示褒义或者贬义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味. 下面我们将就每一项进行详尽的解释。
概率论及数理统计 练习题及答案
练习 1.写出下列随机试验的样本空间 (1)把一枚硬币连续抛掷两次.观察正、反面出现的情况； (2)盒子中有5个白球，2个红球，从中随机取出2个，观察取出两球的颜色； (3)设10件同一种产品中有3件次品，每次从中任意抽取1件，取后不放回，一直到3件次品都被取出为止，记录可能抽取的次数；(4)在一批同型号的灯泡中，任意抽取1只，测试它的使用寿命. 解：(1)U={正正正反反正反反} (2)U={白白白红红白红红} (3)U={1，4，5，6，7，8，9，10} (4)U={t>0} 2.判断下列事件是不是随机事件 (1)一批产品有正品，有次品，从中任意抽出1件是正品； (2)明天降雨； (3)十字路口汽车的流量； (4)在北京地区，将水加热列100℃，变成蒸汽； (5y掷一枚均匀的骰子，出现1点. 解：(1)(2)(3)(5)都是随机事件，(4)不是随机事件。 3.设A,B为2个事件,试用文字表示下列各个事件的含义 (1)A+B； (2)AB； (3)A－B； (4)A－AB；(5)AB； (6)AB AB .
解：(1)A ，B 至少有一个发生；(2) A ，B 都发生；(3) A 发生而B 不发生；(4) A 发生而B 不发生；(5)A ，B 都不发生；(6)A ，B 中恰有一个发生（或只有一个发生）。 4.设A,B,C 为3个事件,试用A,B,C 分别表示下列各事件 (1)A ，B ，C 中至少有1个发生； (2)A ，B ，C 中只有1个发生； (3)A ，B ，C 中至多有1个发生； (4)A ，B ，C 中至少有2个发生； (5)A ，B ，C 中不多于2个发生； (6)A ，B ，C 中只有C 发生. 解： (1)A B C, (2)AB C A B C A B C, (3)AB C ABC A B C A B C, (4)ABC ABC ABC ABC AB BC AC, (5)ABC A B C, (6)A B C ++?+??+???++??+??+++++++??或或 练习 1.下表是某地区10年来新生婴儿性别统计情况： 出生年份 1990 1991 1992 1993 1094 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 总计 男 3 011 2 531 3 031 2 989 2 848 2 939 3 066 2 955 2 967 2 974 29 311 女 2 989 2 352 2 944 2 837 2 784 2 854 2 909 2 832 2 878 2 888 28
词汇100题
Vocabulary 1. He was ______ as the best model football player of 200 2. A. designated B. asserted C. named D. rejected 2. The government is ______ about what should be done to solve the problem. A. regulating B. diagnosing C. deliberating D. wandering 3. You must ______ your paper by the end of this month. A. draft B. submit C. modify D. revise 4. Now in China many large stores use discount coupons as ______ to attract customers. A. motives B. incentives C. awards D. rewards 5. He was regarded as a great ______ to the committee. A. asset B. profit C. prosperity D. interest 6. According to psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ______ of maturity. A. achievements B. fulfillment C. establishment D. accomplishment 7. The fight could have been avoided if both of you had been able to ______ your anger. A. hold back B. hold on C. hold out D. hold up 8. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. But too often careless use of words ______ a meeting of the minds of the speakers and the listener. A. prevents B. stirs C. destroys D. offers 9. He always acts on his own ______. A. initiative B. creative C. infinitive D. aggressive 10. Football, baseball and basketball are ______ sports --- that is, only a few people actually take part in them while many more only watch them. A. spectator B. spectacle C. spectrum D. spectacular 11. Sally wanted to go to Florida for the holiday, but her husband thought ______, saying that they would go to New York to join his parents for Christmas. A. likely B. likewise C. meanwhile D. otherwise 12. We are trying to make people more ______ to the difficulties faced by the laid-off workers. A. sensible B. sensational C. sentimental D. sensitive 13. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ______ or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s. A. revolve B. revolt C. revive D. reverse 14. Traditional Chinese medicine is famous for using herbs with healing ______. A. possessions B. estate C. purpose D. attributes 15. To a first-year student, the doctoral degree is a distant ______. A. aspect B. respect C. spectacle D. prospect 16. The strong wind with sand comes from the ______ hill in front of their house. A. empty B. isolated C. remote D. bare 17. At the meeting, John argued ______ in favor of the proposal. A. warmly B. severely C. heavily D. forcefully 18. He gave a brief ______ of the history of the university before the opening of the conference. A. reference B. statement C. comment D. account 19. The picturesque scenery of his hometown has often ______ him to write poems. A. excited B. induced C. attracted D. inspired 20. Please come and help me with this form because I don’t know how to ______ it. A. set off B. set aside C. set up D. set about 21. The engine has more than 300 ______, made of a number of different materials.
四年级语文上册词义理解练习题(含答案)
四年级语文上册词义理解练习题（含答案） 时间：40分钟满分：100分 一、结合语境，给加点词选择正确的解释。(35分) 平静：A.没有动荡。B．心情平和安静。 1．他以平静 ．．的心态参加了中队干部的改选。( ) 2．平静 ．．的湖面犹如一面硕大的银镜，在月光下闪着灵动的光华。( ) 成熟：A.植物的果实等完全长成，泛指生物体发育到完备的阶段。B．发展到完善的程度。 3．生活的磨炼，使这个孩子过早地成熟 ．．了。( ) 4．稻谷就要成熟 ．．了，稻穗低垂着头，稻田像一块月光镀亮的银毯。( ) 反复：A.一遍又一遍。B．颠过来倒过去。C．(不利的情况)重新出现。 5．大丈夫说一不二，决不反复 ．．。( ) 6．科学家经过反复 ．．研究，终于揭开了蝙蝠能在夜里飞行的秘密。( ) 7．医生告诉家属，这种病容易反复 ．．，要有思想准备。( ) 二、在具体的语言环境中理解加点词语的意思。(20分) 1．只听见台下一阵哄堂大笑 ．．．．，笑得我脸上一阵热。 ________________________________________________________ 2．它们的隐蔽所得来不费功夫，弃去毫不可惜 ．．．．。 ________________________________________________________ 3．天和地终于成形了，盘古也精疲力竭 ．．．．，累得倒下了。 ________________________________________________________ 4．小麻雀呆呆地站在地上，无可奈何 ．．．．地拍打着小翅膀。 ________________________________________________________ 三、关于词语的意思，下面说法是否正确，正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”。 (15分) 1．词语“无缘无故”中，“缘”和“故”的意思都是“原因”，“无”的意思是“没有”，所以这个词的意思是“没有一点原因”。( ) 2．“老师安慰了没有考好的我。”可以用找近义词的方法来理解“安慰”，我觉得“劝慰”和“慰问”都和它的意思相近。( )
词义选择和词义引申
词义选择和词义引申 词义的选择和词义引申是翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。其本身也是英语翻译中最基础的工作，准确把握词义，并在必要时加以适度的引申，是保证译文质量的前提和基础。一方面，英语和汉语各自都有丰富的词汇，各自的词义又极其繁复；另一方面，这两种语言差异巨大，其词义关系错综复杂，往往难以找到词义完全对应的词。 如run堪称为典型的多义词。在较大规模的词典里，其释义可达上百个之多。譬如，《英汉大词典》在run条下一共提供了117个义项，包括不及物动词性34个，及物动词性40个，名词性38个，形容词性5个。显然，其中许多义项，即使是那些属于动词性的，都不能用汉语的“跑”来对译。例如： （1）London Transport run extra trains during the rush-hour. 伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时间增开加班列车。（2）Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks. 英国选举活动持续三周。 （3）The lease on my house has only a year to run. 我那房子的租期只有一年了。 （4）“Eight shot dead by gunmen”ran the newspaper headline.报纸标题为“枪手枪杀八人”。 （5）He has no idea of how to run a successful business. 他不知道把企业办好的方法。 （6）The dyes in this fabric are guaranteed not to run in washing. 这种织物所用染料保证不会在洗涤时渗化。（7）The foreword of the book runs for six pages. 这本书的前言长达6页。 （8）Urban unemployment is running at 15 percent. 目前，城市失业率保持在15%。 （9）The party is running two candidates in the next election. 该党将在下届选举中提出两名候选人。 （10）Check everything and run the whole test again. 把一切检查一遍，然后再把试验重做一遍。 以上十个例句中都包含run一词，尽管均用作动词，其词义都不尽相同。毋庸言，如果将其作名词和形容词时的义项考虑在内，run的词义会更加纷繁多样。 诚然，在英语词汇占绝大多数的多义词并不个个都像run那样释义如此繁多，但判定其在具体语境中的确切含义，并将之恰如其分地译成汉语往往同样需要花费相应的气力。往往一词之发疏，全篇不顺。对初学翻译的人来说，遇到英语多义词时必须结合上下反复推敲，切忌望词生义，不求甚解。尤其是遇到用多义词时，绝不有想当然地把自己印象中的词义放到译文中去，翻译实践告诉我们：似懂非懂的地方，往往最容易出错。 如：.Dr. Cooper has called for a smoke-free America by the year2000. [误] 库伯博士号召在2000年以前建立一个自由吸烟的美国。 [误] 库伯博士号召在2000年以前建立一个免费吸烟的美国。 [正] 库伯博士号召在2000年以前使美国成为一个无人吸烟的国家。 所有的例子都说明了词义选择和词义引申在考研翻译中的重要性。因此，在翻译中绝不能拘泥于自己所记忆的词典提供的基本释义，机械地用固定的汉语词替换对应的英语词。正确的做法应当是，在掌握每一个单词基本释义的基础上，根据这个单词所处的语境，根据上下文提供的各种线索，判定其确切含义；同时，还需要按照汉语的表达习惯和汉语的搭配方式，选用恰当的词语表达这一意义。 一、词义的选择 英语与世界上任何一种语言一样，都存在着一词多义的现象。所谓一词多义，即是指同一个词在同一种词类中，具有几个不同的词义。在英语与汉语中，很难找到一词一义的对应情况。这就需要我们在翻译过程中理解英语原文中单词的意思，然后努力地寻找在汉语中与这个英语单词具有相同意义的常用表达方法。就home这个词而言，大多数人都知道有“家”的意思。但是，上下文不一样，home的翻译就完全不一样，如： I’ll see her home tonight 今晚我送她回家。 India is the home of elephants. 印度是大象的生长地。 He’s at home with the classics. 他精通古典文学 New homes are for sale. 新房出售。 She’s at home where she is. 她在哪儿都自由自在。