虚拟语气1
9.18.虚拟语气(1)
I wish I _h_a_d_n_'t__e_at_e_n(eat) so much watermelon yesterday.
as if/as though 虚拟用法同wish
他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。
He treats me as if I _w_e_r_e a stranger.
• 2. 定义：用来表示说的话不是事实， 或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的 情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的 语气叫虚拟语气。
虚拟语气
Types
1. If 型
与现在事实相反虚拟
If I were a bird, I would have two wings. If I had two wings, I could fly in the sky.
He talks about Rome as if he
_h_a_d_b_e_e_n_(be) there before.
if only 虚拟用法同wish:
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气
高考命题趋势
高考对虚拟语气的考查侧重于：在非真 实条件状语从句中的使用，含蓄条件 句中的用法，名词从句中的用法及一 些特殊句式中的用法。今后高考仍然 会重视对虚拟语气句型的考查，而且 试题语境会更灵活，考查角度更加多 样化。我们要在语境中准确理解运用 。
知识目标
1 会使用if 条件句中虚拟语气句式 2 能使用虚拟语气的几种特殊句式造句
英语中三种虚拟语气
虚拟语⽓1.b e型虚拟（基本是套路）2.w ere型虚拟3.if条件句及主句虚拟形式⽤法⽤法1)表⽰“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句⽤b e型虚拟，常⻅的词如下：d e m an d,d es i re,i ns i s t,or d er,as k,co mm an d,p ro p ose,reco mm en d,sugges t,p re f er,re q u i re,re q ues t等最常⻅的形式是这类动词后⾯接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要⽤(s h oul d）+动词原形来虚拟2)表⽰主观看法，常表⽰“某事是必要的、重要的。
怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“it i s+名词/形容词+th a t 从句”结构中，常⻅的形容词包括：a dvi sab le,d es i ra b le,essen ti al, imp era tiv e, imp or t an t, necessar y, o b l i ga t or y,p ro p er, di s p ensa b le, imp oss ib le,na t ural,sur p r i s i ng等明智的、可取的、必要的、必要性的、重要的、必需的、强制性的、适当的、可有可⽆的、不可能的、⾃然的、令⼈惊讶的3）表⽰“恐怕,担⼼,以免，万一”等,例如：if,les t,i n case,f orf ear th a t等，后 ⾯的从句⽤(s h oul d)+动词原形来虚拟 注意：这⾥的if不是引导条件句，⽽是表⽰“以防”、“万一”4)b e型虚拟还⽤于表⽰“祝愿”的特殊结构，通常是M a y+主语+动词原形 例： M a y y ou b e h a ppy. ⼏乎不考，了解即可~与现在事实相反：（从句谓语动词）动词的过去式（b e⽤w ere⽽不⽤w as)（主句谓语动词）s h oul d/w oul d/coul d/ mi g ht+动词原形与过去事实相反：（从句谓语动词）h a d+过去分词（主句谓语动词） s h oul d/ w oul d/coul d/mi g ht + h a v e+过去分词与将来事实相反：（从句谓语动词）1.s h oul d+动词原形2.动词过去式3.w ere t o+动词原形（主句谓语动词）s h oul d/ w oul d/ coul d/mi g ht +动词原形形式：s h oul d+动词原形，s h oul d 可以省略If it s h oul d ra i n t o m orro w, w e w oul d s t a y a t h o m e.If I w ere t o go t o th e m oon one d a y, I coul d see it with myo w n e y es.If y ou mi sse d th e fi l m t on i g ht, y ou w oul d f eel sorr y.If I h a d go t th ere earl i er, I s h oul d/coul d h a v e m e t h er.如果我早到那⼉，我就会⻅到她。
虚拟语气-1..
3、可能违背将来事实的假设 这里指的是将来不大可能发生的假设，或者虽有可能发生， 说话人主观上不希望发生的假设。这种假设相当于汉语中 常用的“万一”，“居然”，“竟然”等含义。例如： If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. 万一他失败，我们就鼓励他再试一次。 If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 We would wipe them out if they should attract us. 如果他们胆敢进攻，我们就将他们消灭。 If it should rain tomorrow, what could we do? 万一明天下雨，我们能做些什么呢？ If the rocket should fail in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.如果火箭几秒钟内竟然向下坠落，那就一定会爆炸。
5、连接词 if 的省略 如果条件从句的谓语包含有had, should 或 were，有时 if 可以 省略。这时had，should 或 were 要移到主语前面，形成倒装。 （这种句型主要见于书面形式。） Had he not been ill, he might have come. 要不是生病，他是会来的。 Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way. 要是我来做这件事，我会是另外一种做法。 Should it rain tomorrow, what could we do. 万一明天下雨，我们能做些什么呢？ Were it not for his help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 如果不是因为他的帮助，我们就克服不了这些困难。
1.虚拟语气
(should) come • My demand is that she _______________ (come) to see me once a week. 表语从句
• All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (should) be (be)closed down. 同位语从句
2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.
If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.
If虚拟句的倒装
万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。
In case of rain, In case it rains, If it should rain, Should it rain,
A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive
名词性从句中的虚拟 语气及几种虚拟语气 特殊句型
1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气
一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求 1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose (advice, suggestion, proposal ) 4. demand , require, request, desire 这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。 即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形， 或者将should省略。
1. ____the exam, he would have attend a college.
A. If he passed C. Were he passed B. Had he passed D. If he should pass
高三英语虚拟语气1
现吨市安达阳光实验学校高三英语虚拟语气【本讲信息】一. 教学内容：虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语中一种重要的语气形式，也是英语语法中一个重要的语法点。
由于虚拟语气所涉及的内容比较广，一些语法书对其的阐述也很繁杂，所以同学们在学习过程中很难掌握其用法，在使用过程中或考试时也很容易出错。
为了便于理解和记忆，我对虚拟语气作了一个“”归纳，供参考。
虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。
［教学过程］一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
具体情况请看下表：（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.If I were you, I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn’t been very busy.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法
英语中的虚拟语气构成和用法虚拟语气是英语中一种特殊的语法结构，用来表达与事实相反、与现实相反或与过去相反的假设、愿望、建议等。
掌握虚拟语气的构成和用法对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。
一、虚拟语气的构成1. 虚拟语气的构成主要包括以下几种形式：动词的过去式、be动词的过去式（were）、should + 动词原形、would + 动词原形、had + 过去分词、were to + 动词原形等。
例如：- If I were you, I would study harder.（如果我是你，我会更加努力学习。
）- It's high time that he went to bed.（他早该睡觉了。
）- I wish I had more time to travel.（我希望我有更多的时间旅行。
）2. 虚拟语气的构成还可以通过连词或短语来表达，如：as if, as though, suppose, if only, would rather等。
例如：- He spoke as if he were the boss.（他说话的口气好像他是老板。
）- I wish you would come to my party.（我希望你能来参加我的派对。
）二、虚拟语气的用法1. 表达与现在事实相反的假设：虚拟语气可以用来表达与现在事实相反的假设情况。
例如：- If I were you, I would quit that job.（如果我是你，我会辞掉那份工作。
）- I wish I had more money.（我希望我有更多的钱。
）2. 表达与过去事实相反的假设：虚拟语气可以用来表达与过去事实相反的假设情况。
例如：- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.（如果我学得更努力，我就能通过考试了。
）- I wish I had known about the party earlier.（我希望我早点知道这个派对。
语法中的虚拟语气解析
语法中的虚拟语气解析在语法学中，虚拟语气是指用来表达非事实真实的情况或假设的一种语气形式。
在许多语言中都存在虚拟语气，包括汉语和英语等。
虚拟语气在语言表达中具有重要的作用，能够让我们更准确地表达猜测、愿望、假设等不同的语境。
虚拟语气的形式可以通过动词的变化来表示，也可以通过辅助词或特定的句型来体现。
不同的语言在表达虚拟语气时，有着各自不同的规则和用法。
下面我们将对汉语和英语的虚拟语气进行详细分析和解析。
一、汉语中的虚拟语气在汉语中，虚拟语气的主要形式是通过“要是”、“如果”、“倘若”等条件状语引导的从句来表达。
这种虚拟语气在语法学中被称为“假设虚拟语气”，用来表示假设的情况或未实现的愿望。
具体用法如下：1. 条件句的虚拟语气要是明天下雨的话，我们就不去郊游了。
如果你不忙的话，能帮我一个忙吗？倘若他能提前完成任务，那就太好了。
2. 祝愿句的虚拟语气但愿明天能够放假。
希望你在新的工作中取得成功。
真希望你们全家都能健健康康。
3. 建议句的虚拟语气要是你们能提前购票的话，就能省些钱了。
如果你愿意的话，我可以给你一些建议。
二、英语中的虚拟语气在英语中，虚拟语气有着更为丰富的用法，常见的有以下几种形式：1. 虚拟条件句与汉语中类似，英语中的虚拟条件句通过“if”引导，主句使用虚拟语气来表达假设的情况或未实现的愿望。
如果我是你，我会去旅行。
要是他有足够的时间，他就会来参加会议。
2. 虚拟语气的情态动词英语中的情态动词如“would”，“could”，“should”等也常被用来表达虚拟语气。
I wish I could speak Chinese fluently.（我希望我能流利地说中文。
）如果我有钱，我会买一辆跑车。
(If I had money, I would buy a sports car.)3. 过去式的虚拟语气当表达与现在事实相反的情况时，英语中常使用过去式的虚拟语气。
I wish I were taller.（我希望我更高。
虚拟语气1
四、用在as if/ as though引导的方式状语从句中 用在 引导的方式状语从句中 She loves the orphan as if he were her own son. He talked as if he had known everything. 五、It is (high/ about) time that…(用过去时) that…(用过去时 用过去时) It is high time we began to work. It is high time that we should begin to work. It is time that children went to school. It is time that children should go to school.
*可以把 省略，将were, had, should 可以把if省略 可以把 省略， 提前， 提前，构成倒装 Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home. Were it to rain tomorrow, we…. Had I not taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.
二、在非真实条件句中（所提出的假设 在非真实条件句中（ 实现的可能性极小或与事实相反） 实现的可能性极小或与事实相反） (1)与现在事实相反 (1)与现在事实相反 I would go if I had time. If there were no air, people would die. (2) 与过去事实相反 If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus. If I had not taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake.
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虚拟语气历年典型考题1.You ______ your work ahead of time without their help.A.haven‟t completedB. wouldn‟t have completedC. weren‟t completingD.should n‟t have completing2.Peter ________ the driver‟s test, but he wasn‟t calm enough in the last tenminutes.A.minght have passedB.must have passedC.will have passedD.ought tohave passed3.It‟s necessary that the problem _______ in some way or other.A.is settledB. was settledC. be settledD. has been settled4.It‟s high time we ______ something to stop road accidents.A.didB. are doingC. will doD. do5.You ______ the new foreign teacher if you had been here yesterday.A.must have seenB. would have seenC.should seeD.had seen6.I think it‟s high time we ______ strict measures to stop pollution.A.will takeB.takeC.tookD.have taken7.I didn‟t go with them to the beach yesterday. But I do wish I _______ there.A.had been Ｂ.have been C.was D.am8.________ last Friday, he would have got to Paris.A.Had he leftB.Would he leaveC.If he is to leaveD.If he was leaving9.I didn‟t see your boss at the meeting. If he (come) _________, I would havetold him the news.10.It is advised that we (sign) __________ an agreement right after thediscussion.11.I suggested that he (refuse) __________ the offer proposed by that company.12.He talked as if he (do) __________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and Idid most of it.13.If only she (know) __________ that her behavior was not welcome. She wouldhave been more careful with her manners.14.Xiao Li speaks English in a way as if she (be) __________ an American.15.If I hadn‟t driven the car yesterday, I (avoid) __________ the accident.16.If I (have) __________ your phone number, I would have called you yesterdayevening.17.The boss insisted that Mr. Copper (give) __________ up his experiment atonce.18.The director required that every member in his department (refer)__________ to this report.19.It is required that every employee (come) __________ in their uniform before8:30 a.m.实战强化训练1.He acts as if he __________ an expert.A.wasB. has beenC. wereD. had been2.He put his coat on for fear that (or lest ) he __________ cold.A. catchesB. should catchC. catchD. has caught3.Without your advice, I __________ in passing the exam.A.couldn‟t have succeededB. couldn‟t succeedC.didn‟t succeedD.don‟tsucceed.4.Had they time, they certainly __________ ane help us.A.would comeB. had comeC. have comeD. will come5.If the earth stopped moving, what __________ ?A.do you think would happenB. did you think will happenC. do you thinkwould be happenD. did you think would be happened6. The firm has been given instructions that the manager (fly) __________ to New York.7. The manager demands that the new secretary (have) __________ a thorough knowledge of the personnel.8. It is necessary that he (take) __________ a good rest after working for a long time.9. But for your help, I (not be) __________ able to find the right solution to the problem so soon.10. I lost the pen you had bought me for my birthday. If only I (not lose) __________ it.11. If it hadn‟t rained last night, the ground (not be) __________ so wet now.12. I shouldn‟t have taken your umbrella if I (know) __________ that it was the only one you had.13. It‟s about time that you (begin) __________ to study English.14. He insisted that he (resign) __________ from his post.15. If only I (go) ___________ there last night.16. If you knew me better, you would not (say) __________ that.17. It is essential that all the facts (examine) __________ first.18. I would rather you (give) __________ me a new one instead of having it repaired as you did.19. He (be) __________ here last night, I would have spoken to him.20. They might live quite comfortably (be) __________ it not for a quarrel with their neighbor.21. The dean agrees to the suggestion that language laboratory (re-equip) __________.22. Take the umbrella, otherwise you (catch) __________ by the rain.23. The foreign students advisor recommended that we (study) __________ more English before entering the university.24. The young man insists that what he has done (benefit) __________ the people in the near future.25. I think it is advisable that a secretary (be) __________ appointed at once.非谓语动词（历年经典考题）一）动词不定式时态和语态变化（表具体，特定，将来的动作）１．一般式：(not) to do (主动)，（not）to be done (被动)２．进行式：(not) to be doing3. 完成式: (not) to have done(主动) ,(not) to have been done（被动）4. 完成进行式: (not) to have been doing二）现在分词时态和语态变化（表主动和进行）１．一般式：(not) doing(主动), (not) being done (被动)２．完成式：(not) having done（主动）, (not) having been done（被动）三）过去分词：只有一种形式，即-ed（表被动和完成）1.I t‟s no use ______ to her about the importance of the document.A.to talkB. talkC.talkingD. talked2.______ Annie‟s glass. I apologized to her.A.To breakB. BreakingC. Having brokenD. Break3.Are you going to fix the car yourself, or are you going to have it _____?A.FixingB. to fixC. fixD. fixed4.If ______ in the fridge, the fruit can remain fresh for more than a week.A.keepingB. be keptC. keptD. to keep5.Nobody ever has any ______ to hurt your feelings.A.IntentionB. heartC. purposeD. thought6.Thousands of products ______ from crude oil are now in daily use.A. to makeB. makingC.be madeD. made1.The most important thing in life is a great goal plus the determination(reach)___________the goal.2.I‟m afraid you have been speaking too fast to make yourself(understand)____________.3.The machine does not seem to work properly. I think it needs(repair)____________.4.I saw the man (knock)____________ down by a car in the street.5.They stopped (search)___________ for the missing plane as the weather was very rough.6.(frighten)__________by the explosion, we all rushed out of the hall.7.I got to the station, only (find)_________ that the train was pulling out.8.The medical team did more than (complain)________about the poor working conditions and started working immediately.9.The cost of meals in big cities varies greatly, (depend)_______ on choices.10.None of us will have any trouble (solve)_________ such a problem.11.Since there is so little time (leave)________, nobody can fulfill the task.12.When I called her on the phone, she pretended to (not know)_________me.13.The chairman should raise his voice in order to make himself (hear)_________.14.The wine in the fridge just wants (cool)_______for a couple of minutes. Seeing nobody in the classroom, he decided to stay there (read)________ for a while.15.It is no use (argue)_________ with him, he won‟t listen to you.16.David was so (disappoin)_________about the decision that he ran out of the classroom.17.Did you remember (introduce)__________ Prof.Smith to Dr.Li during his first visit to China?18.She was not happy because he had kept her (wait)________ for half an hour.19.The manager promised (get)__________ me a position in his company.20.His book was much better than those (write)________ so far on this subject.21.I prefer (live)_________in the country rather than in the city.22.(judge)________ from last year‟s experience , the coach knows he should not expect too much.23.When he was in hospital, the nurse had his temperature (take)______ every four hours.24.I noticed that there was a man (draw)______pictures on the ground.25.While (cross)______ the street, I saw smeone waving to me.26.I wondered why the boy often avoided (talk)_______ with his classmates.被动语态一．动词的-ing形式表示被动意义•常见动词如：need，deserve，require，want，bear, be worth等词后可跟主动语态的动名词表示被动意义，相当于“to be ＋动词的过去分词”。