微波传感器-CSD3技术说明书
波式传感器 微波传感器 微波传感器
2. 微波传感器的工作原理及分类
与一般传感器不同，微波传感器的敏感元件可以认为是一个微波场。它的其他部分可视为一个转换 器和接收器，如下图所示。
微波源 Microwave
Source
转换器 Transduc
er
接收器 Receiver
微波传感器的构成
转换器可以是一个微波场的有限空间，被测物即出于其中。如果MS与 T合二为一，称之为有源微波传感器；如果MS与R合二为一，则称其为 自振式微波传感器。
3. 微波传感器的应用
➢ 任何物体，当它的温度高于环境温度时，都将向外辐射热量。当辐射热到达接收机输入端口时，若仍然 高于基准温度（或室温），在接收机的输出端将有信号输出，这就是辐射计或噪声温度接收机的基本原 理。
➢ 右图是微波温度传感器的原理方框图。其中Tin 为输入温度（被测温度）；Tc为基准温度；C为环 行器；BPF为带通滤波器；LNA为低噪声放大器；M 为混频器；LO为本机振荡器。这个传感器的关键部 件是低噪声放大器，它决定了传感器的灵敏度。
酒精含水量测量仪器
3. 微波传感器的应用 ➢ 微波液位计原理如下图所示。相距为S的发射天线与接收天线，相互构成一定角度，波长为λ的
微波从被测液面反射后进入接收天线。 ➢ 当发射功率、波长、增益均恒定时，只要测出接收功率，就可得到被测液面的高度。
微波液位计
3. 微波传感器的应用
微波物位计的原理如右图所示。当被测 物体位置较低时，发射天线发射的微波束全 部由接收天线接收，经检波、放大与定电压 比较之后发出物体位置正常信号。当被测物 体位置升高到天线所在高度时，微波束部分 被物体吸收，部分被反射，接收天线接收到 的微波功率相应减弱，经检波、放大、与定 电压比较，低于定电压值，微波物位计就发 出被测物体位置高出设定物位信号。
EG4003微波红外感应处理芯片数据手册说明书
版本变更记录版本号日期描述V1.0 2020年11月03日EG4003数据手册初稿目录1. 特性 (1)2. 描述 (1)3. 应用领域 (1)4. 引脚 (2)4.1 引脚定义 (2)4.2 引脚描述 (2)5. 结构框图 (3)6. 典型应用电路 (3)6.1 EG4003典型应用电路图 (3)6.2 EG4003控制继电器应用电路图 (4)6.3 EG4003可重复触发+光敏电阻应用电路图 (4)6.4 EG4003可重复触发+光敏电阻微波方案应用电路图 (5)7. 电气特性 (5)7.1 极限参数 (5)7.2 典型参数 (6)8. 应用设计 (7)8.1 振荡器工作频率计算 (7)8.2 触发延时时间定时器和触发封锁时间定时器 (7)8.3 A端重复和不可重复触发功能 (8)8.4 Vc触发禁止端 (8)8.5 第一级运放增益设定 (9)9. 封装尺寸 (10)9.1 SOP8封装尺寸 (10)9.2 DFN8封装尺寸 (11)EG4003芯片数据手册V1.01. 特性⏹8引脚微波、红外感应专用芯片，外围电路简单，成本低⏹静态功耗小，3V工作电源时功耗小于45uA, 5V工作电源时功耗小于75uA,非常适合电池供电系统应用⏹高输入阻抗运算放大器，可与多种传感器匹配，进行信号与处理⏹双向鉴幅器，可有效抑制干扰⏹内置参考电压，供内部比较器和运放的参考电压⏹内设延时时间定时器和封锁时间定时器，改变振荡器频率即可设定定时延时时间⏹外围元器件少，只需配置第一级运放的增益和振荡器的RC器件即能可靠工作⏹工作电源+3V～+6V⏹封装形式： SOP8、DFN82. 描述EG4003是一款专为微波、红外信号放大及处理输出的数模混合专用芯片，内部集成了运算放大器、双门限电压比较器、参考电压源、延时时间定时器和封锁时间定时器及状态控制器等，专用于防盗报警系统、人体门控制装置、照明控制开关等场合。
EG4003电源工作电压为+3V～+6V，采用 COMS工艺数模混合相结合的集成电路，8个引脚数封装设计，降低了外围电路元件数和整体成本，节省了PCB板空间。
奥美晨曦系列微波传感器说明书
OS100 SERIES Mini-Infrared Transmitter e-mail:**************For latest product manuals: Shop online at User’s G ui d e***********************Servicing North America:U.S.A. Omega Engineering, Inc.Headquarters: Toll-Free: 1-800-826-6342 (USA & Canada only)Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 (USA & Canada only)Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 (USA & Canada only)Tel: (203) 359-1660 Fax: (203) 359-7700e-mail:**************For Other Locations Visit /worldwideThe information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.Table of ContentsSection ...................................................................PageSafety Warnings and IEC Symbols (iii)Caution and Safety Information (iii)Section 1 Introduction ....................................................................1-1Section 2Installation ......................................................................1-12.1 Unpacking and Inspection ......................................1-12.2 Electrical Connection ..............................................2-1Section 3Operation ........................................................................3-13.1 Main Board ................................................................3-13.2 Ambient Temperature ..............................................3-23.3 Atmospheric Quality ................................................3-33.4 Measuring Temperature ..........................................3-33.5 Alarm Setting ............................................................3-43.6 Adding Extension Cable...........................................3-4Section 4 Laser Sight Accessory ...................................................4-14.1 Warning and Cautions .............................................4-14.2 Operating the Laser Sight Accessory .....................4-1Section 5 Specifications .................................................................5-15.1 General .......................................................................5-15.2 Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS) ..........................5-2Section 6Emissivity Table .............................................................6-1iTable of FiguresFigure Description Page2-1Power Supply & Analog Output Connections ..........2-12-2 Alarm Output Connection ............................................2-13-1 Main PC Board ...............................................................3-23-2 Sensor..............................................................3-2Housing3-3 Optical Field of View .....................................................3-43-4Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit..................3-43-5Mounting Bracket OS100-MB .......................................3-53-6Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WC ................................3-53-7Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly ...........................3-53-8Air Purge Collar, OS100-AP..........................................3-63-9DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS100-DR ....................3-63-10NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure ....................................3-64-1Laser Sighting Accessory, OS100-LS ............................4-24-2Laser Warning Label ......................................................4-2iiSafety Warnings and IEC SymbolsThis device is marked with international safety and hazard symbols in accordance with IEC 1010. It is important to read and follow all precautions and instructions in this manual before operating or commissioning this device as it contains important information relating to safety and EMC. Failure to follow all safety precautions may result in injury and or damage to your calibrator. IEC symbols DescriptionCaution and Safety Information• If the equipment is used in a manner not specified in this manual, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.• The installation category is one (1).• There are no user replaceable fuses in this product• The output terminals of this product are for use with equipment (digital meters, chart recorders, etc,) which have no accessible five parts. Such equipment should comply with all the applicable safety requirements.• Do not operate the equipment in flammable or explosive environments.• All connections to the thermometer should be made via a shielded cable, 24 AWG stranded wire with the following ratings: 300V , 105°C (221°F), PVC insulation.• Power must be disconnected before making any electrical connections.• The power supply used to power the thermometer should be VDE or UL approved with the following ratings: 12 to 24vdc @150mA with overload protection of 500mA.iiiCaution, refer to accompanying documentsDirect Current Laser SymbolFrame or ChassisNOTES: ivSection 1 - IntroductionThe low cost OS101 mini-infrared transmitter provides non-contacttemperature measurement for industrial applications. The unit measures atemperature range of -18 to 538°C (0-1000°F) and provides a linear analogoutput of either 4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, K type TC, 1 mV/°C, or 1 mV/°F.The new OS102 mini-infrared transmitter has all the functions of OS101plus a built-in LED display that shows the measured temperature indegrees F or degrees C which is switchable in the field.The miniature sensor head design 2.5 cm dia. x 6.3 cm Length (1" x 2.5") isideal for measuring temperature in confined, and hard to reach places.The aluminum sensor head as well as the rugged electronic housing (Diecast Aluminum) are NEMA-4 rated.The sensor head is connected to the electronic housing via a 1.82 m (6 feet)shielded cable as standard. The unit provides field adjustable alarmoutput.Section 2 - Installation2.1UnpackingRemove the packing list and verify that you have received all yourequipment. If you have any questions about the shipment, please callCustomer Service at:1-800-622-2378 or 203-359-1660. We can also be reached on the internet:e-mail:**************When you receive the shipment, inspect the container and equipment forany signs of damage. Note any evidence of rough handling in transit.inspection. After examination and removing contents, save packing material and carton in theevent reshipment is necessary.The following items are supplied in the box:• The infrared transmitter including the sensor head and the 1.82 m(6 feet) shielded cable• User's Manual• Mounting Nut1-1The following describes the ordering information:OS102 or OS101 - MA- *,**, where The following optional accessories are available:Here are the Features of OS101 and OS102 infrared transmitters:2.2Electrical Connection Sensor Head Cable - The Sensor head is pre-wired to a 1.8 m (6 feet)shielded cable. Plug & lock-in the male connector to the mating female connector on the aluminum housing.Power & Output Connection - Open the cover of the main aluminum housing. Slide the cable through the strain relief and connect the wires to the terminal block on the board as shown in Fig. 2-1. For Alarm output connection, refer to Fig. 2-2.2-1MA - 4/20 mA output V1 - 0 to 5 VDC output K - Thermocouple output, K type MV - Millivolt output C - 1 mV/°C output F - 1 mV/°F output HT- High temperature sensor head3-1Figure 2-2. Alarm Output Connection Section 3 - Operation3-1Main BoardThe Main Board is shown in Fig. 3-1. Here are the important components on the board:(1) - Terminal Block for Power & Output connections(2) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in tenths (0.x_)(3) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in hundreds (0._x)(4) -Slide switch to select between real time (Normal Operation) and alarm set point(5) - Alarm set point adjust, P4(6) - Sensor Head connection(7) - Input Zero adjust, P3(8) - Input Span adjust, P2(9) - Output Zero adjust, P5(10) - Output Span adjust, P6Figure 3-1. Main PC Board3.2Ambient TemperatureThe Sensing head can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 70°C (32to 158°F). The Sensing head in the high temperature model (-HT) can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F) without any cooling required. The Sensing head can operate up to 200°C (392°F) using the water cool jacket accessory OS100-WC (See Fig. 3-6).There is a warm up period of 3 minutes after power up. After the warm up period, temperature measurement can be made.When the ambient temperature around the sensor head changes abruptly,the sensor head goes through thermal shock. It takes a certain amount of time for the sensor head to stabilize to the new ambient temperature. For example, it takes about 30 minutes for the sensor head to stabilize going from 25°C to 50°C (77 to 122°F) ambient temperature.The sensor head dimensions are shown in Fig. 3-2.Figure 3-2. Sensor Housing3-23-33.3Atmospheric QualityEnvironments with smoke, dust, and fumes dirty up the optical lens, and cause erroneous temperature readings. To keep the surface of the optical lens clean, the air purge collar accessory is recommended, OS100-AP , See Fig. 3-7.3.4Measuring TemperatureBefore starting to measure temperature, make sure that the following check list is met:ߜ The power and analog output connections are made (Fig. 2-1).ߜThe sensor head is connected to the main unit.ߜThe slide switch (SW1) on the main board is set to real time (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe target is larger than the optical field of view of the sensor head (Fig. 3-3).ߜThe emissivity adjustment on the main board is set properly (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe output load is within the product specification.On OS102 transmitters, follow these additional steps:ߜ The temperature display is set to °F or °C (Fig. 3-4)ߜ For 4-20mA output models, make sure an output load is added, ie. 250ohms.Figure 3-3. Optical Field Of ViewFigure 3-4. Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit3.5Alarm SettingThe unit provides 0-100% alarm set point adjustment. Here is an exampleof an alarm setting.• An OS101-MA(4/20 mA output), the alarm is to be set at 400°Ftemperature.• Connect the alarm output as shown in Fig. 2-2.• Set the slide switch (SW1) on the main board to the Alarm position.• Measure the analog output, and set the Potentiometer P4 until theoutput reads 10.4 mA which is 40% (400°F) of the temperature range.40 x (20-4)[10.4mA=+ 4]100• Set the slide switch (SW1) back to the Real Time position.• If the temperature reading is below the alarm set point, the alarmoutput stays high, otherwise it goes low.On the OS102, you can set the alarm set point directly based on thetemperature display.3.6Adding Extension CableYou can add extension cable between the Sensor Head and the mainelectronic housing up to 15.2 m (50 feet). After adding the extension cable,the Zero input potentiometer, P3 may be re-adjusted. (See Fig. 3-1, forproper analog output reading)The following figures show the mounting bracket (OS100-MB), Watercooling jacket (OS100-WC), Air purge collar (OS100-AP), DIN RailMounting adapter (OS-100-DR), and the main aluminum enclosure. TheDIN Rail Mounting adapter (OS100-DR) is mounted to the bottom of themain aluminum enclosure using two 4-40 screws.A typical water cool jacket assembly is shown in Fig. 3-7, on the following page.1. Mounting Nut2. Mounting Bracket3. Water Cool Jacket4. Sensor Head3-4Figure 3-5. Mounting Bracket OS100-MBFigure 3-6. Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WCFigure 3-7. Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly3-5Figure 3-8. Air Purge Collar, OS100-APFigure 3-9. DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS-100-DRFigure 3-10. NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure3-6Section 4 - Laser Sight Accessory4.1Warning and Cautionsbelow:•Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified here may result in hazardous radiation exposure.• Do not look at the laser beam coming out of the lens or view directly with optical instruments - eye damage can result.• Use extreme caution when operation the laser sight accessory • Never point the laser accessory at a person • Keep out of the reach of all children4.2Operating the Laser Sight AccessoryThe laser sight accessory screws onto the front of the sensor head. This accessory is only used for alignment of the sensor head to the target area.After the alignment process, the accessory has to be removed from the front of the sensor head before temperature measurement.The laser sight accessory is powered from a small compact battery pack (included with the accessory). Connect the battery pack to the accessory using the cable provided. Aim at the target, and turn on the battery power using the slide switch on the battery pack. Adjust the sensor head position so that the laser beam points to the center of the target area. Turn off the battery pack, and remove the laser sighting accessory from the sensor head. See Fig. 4-1 for reference.4-14-2Figure 4-2. Laser Warning LabelSection 5 - Specifications5.1 - GeneralTemperature Range-18 to 538°C (0 to 1000°F)Accuracy @ 22°C (72°F)±2% of Rdg. or 2.2°C (4°F) whichever is ambient temperature & greateremissivity of 0.95 or greaterOptical Field of View6:1 (Distance/Spot Size)Repeatability±1% of Rdg.Spectral Response 5 to 14 micronsResponse Time150 msec (0 to 63% of final value)Emissivity Range0.1 to 0.99, adjustableOperating Ambient TemperatureMain Transmitter0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Sensor Head0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)Sensor Head (-HT Model)0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F)Sensor Head with OS100-WC(Water Cooling Jacket)0 to 200°C (32 to 392°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingWater Flow Rate for OS100-WC0.25 GPM, room temperatureThermal Shock About 30 minutes for 25°Cabrupt ambient temperature change Warm Up Period 3 minutesAir Flow Rate for OS100-AP 1 CFM (0.5 Liters/sec.)Power12 to 24 VDC @ 100 mAAnalog OutputsMV-F 1 mV/°FMV-C 1 mV/°CK K Type TC - OS101 onlyMA 4 to 20 mAV10 to 5 VDCOutput Load requirementsMin. Load (0 to 5VDC) 1 K-OhmsMax. Load (4 to 20 mA)(Supply Power - 4 )/20 mATransmitter Housing NEMA-4 & IP65, Die Cast AluminumSensor Head Housing NEMA-4 , AluminumAlarm Output Open Drain, 100 mAAlarm Set Point0 to 100% , Adjustable via P4Alarm Deadband14°C (25°F)5-15-25.1 - General Con’t.DimensionsSensor Head25.4 OD. x 63.5 mm L(1" OD. x 2.5" L)Main Housing, OS10165.5 W x 30.5 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 1.2" H x 4.54" L)Main Housing, OS10265.5 W x 55.9 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 2.2" H x 4.54" L)Weight 272 g (0.6 lb)5.2Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS)Wavelength (Color)630 - 670 nm (Red)Operating Distance (Laser Dot)Up to 9.1 m (30 ft.)Max. Output Optical Power Less than 1 mW at 22°F ambienttemperature.European Classification Class 2, EN60825-1/11.2001Maximum Operating current45 mA at 3 VDCFDA Classification Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10,Class II Laser ProductBeam Diameter 5 mmBeam Divergence< 2 mradOperating Temperature0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingPower Switch ON / OFF , Slide switch on the BatteryPackPower Indicator Red LEDPower Battery Pack, 3 VDC (Consists of two 1.5VDC AA size Lithium Batteries) Laser Warning Label Located on the head sight circumferenceIdentification Label Located on the head sight circumferenceDimensions38 DIA x 50.8 mm L(1.5" DIA x 2" L)Section 6 - Emissivity Table6-1Material Emissivity (ε)Aluminum – pure highly polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 to 0.06Aluminum – heavily oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.31Aluminum – commercial sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09Brass – dull plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.22Brass – highly polished, 73.2% Cu, 26.7% Zn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03Chromium – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 to 0.36Copper – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Copper – heated at 600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.57Gold – pure, highly polished or liquid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.04Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 to 0.38Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished cast iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.21Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– oxidized dull wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rusted iron plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.69Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel oxidized at600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.79Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rolled sheet steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rough steel plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94 to 0.97Lead – gray and oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 to 0.12Molybdenum filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 to 0.20Nickel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Nickel – oxidized at 649 to 1254°C (1200°F to 2290°F). . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 to 0.86Platinum – pure polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 to 0.10Platinum – wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 to 0.18Silver – pure and polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.03Stainless steel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Stainless steel – Type 301 at 232 to 942°C (450°F to 1725°F). . . . . . . 0.54 to 0.63Tin – bright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.06Tungsten – filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.39Zinc – polished commercial pure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Zinc – galvanized sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.23M E T A L S6-2Material Emissivity (ε) Asbestos Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 Asphalt, tar, pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 1.00 Brick– red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Brick– fireclay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.75 Carbon– filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.53 Carbon– lampblack - rough deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.78 to 0.84 Glass- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.85 to 0.95 Marble– polished light gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– aluminum paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.27 to 0.67 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– flat black lacquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 to 0.98 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– white enamel varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Porcelain– glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.92 Quartz– opaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.68 to 0.92 Roofing Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Tape– Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 0.96 Wood– planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.90 NONMETALSNOTES:6-3NOTES: 6-4OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. T his affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2017 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. T his document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. P urchase Order number under which the product was PURCHASED,2. M odel and serial number of the product under warranty, and3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS, consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2. Model and serial number of the product, and 3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RET URNING ANY PRODUCT (S) T O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBT AIN AN AUT HORIZED RET URN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUST OMER SERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.T he purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to preventbreakage in transit.WARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 25 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal two (2) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANT Y does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANT Y is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED W ARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY W ARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity; or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANT Y /DISCLAIMER language, and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of theProduct(s) in such a manner.Where Do I Find Everything I Need forProcess Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at TEMPERATUREM U Thermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors,Panels & AssembliesM U Wire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorM U Calibrators & Ice Point ReferencesM U Recorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsM U Infrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEM U Transducers & Strain GagesM U Load Cells & Pressure GagesM U Displacement TransducersM U Instrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELM U Rotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersM U Air Velocity IndicatorsM U Turbine/Paddlewheel SystemsM U Totalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYM U pH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesM U Benchtop/Laboratory MetersM U Controllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsM U Industrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONM U Communications-Based Acquisition SystemsM U Data Logging SystemsM U Wireless Sensors, Transmitters, & ReceiversM U Signal ConditionersM U Data Acquisition SoftwareHEATERSM U Heating CableM U Cartridge & Strip HeatersM U Immersion & Band HeatersM U Flexible HeatersM U Laboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLM U Metering & Control InstrumentationM U RefractometersM U Pumps & TubingM U Air, Soil & Water MonitorsM U Industrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentM U pH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen InstrumentsM3572/1217。
浩盛品牌的NCB2-12GM40-E2-3G-3D型号的感应传感器产品说明书
12Releasedate:216-11-71:12Dateofissue:216-11-7211255_eng.xml L+L-3R e l e a s e d a t e : 2016-11-07 10:12D a t e o f i s s u e : 2016-11-07211255_e n g .x m lInstructionManual electrical apparatus for hazardous areas Device category 3G (nA) for use in hazardous areas with gas, vapour and mist Certificate of ComplianceCE marking ATEX marking ¬ II 3G Ex nA IIC T6 GcThe Ex-related marking can also be printed on the enclosed label.Standards EN 60079-0:2012+A11:2013, EN 60079-15:2010 Ignition protection category "n"Use is restricted to the following stated conditionsG eneralThe apparatus has to be operated according to the appropriate data in the data sheet and in this instruction manual.The data stated in the data sheet are restricted by this operating instruction! The special conditions must be observed!Installation, commissioningLaws and/or regulations and standards governing the use or intended usage goal must be observed. If the Ex-related marking is printed only on the supplied label, then this must be attached in the immediate vicinity of the sensor. The sticking surface for the label must be clean and free from grease. The attached label must be legible and indel-ible, including in the event of possible chemical corrosion.MaintenanceNo changes can be made to apparatus, which are operated in hazardous areas.Repairs to these apparatus are not possible.Special conditionsMaximum operating current I L The maximum permissible load current must be restricted to the values given in the fol-lowing list. High load currents and load short-circuits are not permitted.Maximum operating voltage U BmaxThe maximum permissible operating voltage UB max is restricted to the values in the following list. T olerances are not permissible.Maximum permissible ambient temperature T Umax dependant of the load current I L and the max. operating voltage U Bmax Information can be taken from the following list. at U Bmax =60 V , I L =200 mA at U Bmax =60 V , I L =100 mA at U Bmax =60 V , I L =50 mAat U Bmax =30 V , I L =200 mA 43 °C (109.4 °F) at U Bmax =30 V , I L =150 mA 47 °C (116.6 °F) at U Bmax =30 V , I L =100 mA 50 °C (122 °F) at U Bmax =30 V , I L =50 mA53 °C (127.4 °F)Protection from mechanical danger The sensor must not be exposed to ANY FORM of mechanical danger.Protection from UV lightThe sensor and the connection cable must be protected from damaging UV-radiation. This can be achieved when the sensor is used in internal areas.Protection of the connection cable The connection cable must be prevented from being subjected to tension and torsional loading.Protection against transients Ensure transient protection is provided and that the maximum value of the transient pro-tection (140% of 85 V) is not exceeded.Electrostatic chargeElectrostatic charges must be avoided on the mechanical housing components. Dan-gerous electrostatic charges on the mechanical housing components can be avoided by incorporating these in the equipotential bonding.Material selection accessoriesWhen selecting accessories, ensure that the material allows the temperature of the enclosure to rise to up to 70 °C.4Releasedate:216-11-71:12Dateofissue:216-11-7211255_eng.xml Instruction Manual electrical apparatus for hazardous areasDevice category 3D for use in hazardous areas with combustible dustCertificate of ComplianceCE markingATEX marking ¬ II 3D Ex tc IIIC T80°C DcThe Ex-related marking can also be printed on the enclosed label.Standards EN 60079-0:2012+A11:2013, EN 60079-31:2014Protection by enclosure "tc" Some of the information in this instruction manual is morespecific than the information provided in the datasheet.G eneral The corresponding datasheets, declarations of conformity, EC-type examination certifi-cates, certifications, and control drawings, where applicable (see datasheets), form anintegral part of this document. These documents can be found at www.pepperl-. The maximum surface temperature of the device was determined without alayer of dust on the apparatus. Some of the information in this instruction manual is morespecific than the information provided in the datasheet.Installation, commissioning Laws and/or regulations and standards governing the use or intended usage goal mustbe observed. If the Ex-relevant identification is printed exclusively on the adhesive labelprovided, this label must be affixed in the immediate vicinity of the sensor! The back-ground surface to which the adhesivelabel is to be applied must be clean and free fromgrease! The applied label must be durable and remain legible, with due consideration ofthe possibility of chemical corrosion!Maintenance No changes can be made to apparatus, which are operated in hazardous areas.Repairs to these apparatus are not possible.Special conditionsMaximum operating current I L The maximum permissible load current must be restricted to the values given in the fol-lowing list.High load currents and load short-circuits are not permitted.Maximum operating voltage U Bmax The maximum permissible operating voltage UBmax must be restricted to the valuesgiven in the following list. T olerances are not permitted.Maximum permissible ambient temperature T Umax dependant of the load current I L and the max. operating voltage U BmaxInformation can be taken from the following list.at U Bmax=30 V, I L=150 mA 47 °C (116.6 °F)at U Bmax=30 V, I L=100 mA 50 °C (122 °F)at U Bmax=30 V, I L=50 mA 53 °C (127.4 °F)Protection from mechanical danger The sensor must not be exposed to ANY FORM of mechanical danger.Protection from UV light The sensor and the connection cable must be protected from damaging UV-radiation.This can be achieved when the sensor is used in internal areas.Protection of the connection cable The connection cable must be prevented from being subjected to tension and torsionalloading.Electrostatic charge Electrostatic charges must be avoided on the mechanical housing components. Dan-gerous electrostatic charges on the mechanical housing components can be avoided byincorporating these in the equipotential bonding. Do not attach the nameplate providedin areas where electrostatic charge can build up.。
穿透式微波水分传感器使用说明书
SIED PAPER TECHNOLOGYL&W Scanpro Moisture Measuring Head DS-115 DS115穿透式微波水分传感器Manual使用说明书Contents目录1 General简介2 Mechanical Design机械设计3 Electrical Design电气设计4 Installation安装5 External Connectors and Controls外部连接和控制6 Operating Modes操作模式7 Processing the Output Signal输出过程信号8 Replacing the Measuring Head Window测量窗口的更换9 Technical Specification技术指标10 Spare Parts备品备件11 Graphs曲线图12 Drawings尺寸图1. General简介The Scanpro type DS 115, dual-sided, non-contacting measuring head is intended foron-line measurement of the moisture content in paper and paperboard.DS 115型双面不接触测量头是专门为在线测量一般纸和板纸水分设计的。
Its main application is after the drier section, but it may also be used at earlier process stages for correspondingly lighter paper grades .主要应用在干燥部以后，但也可根据相应低定量纸的情况用在比较前的位置。
The DS 115 supplies a standard DC output signal, mainly represent-ing the amount ofwater in the sheet.DS115提供标准的直流输出信号，主要代表纸张的水分值.For moisture percentage presen-tation, the signal has to be basis weight compensated,linearized and calibrated in the user‘s own processing unit.如果要代表水分的百分度，就要对信号进行定量补偿、线性化，用户在自己的处理单元中进行校正。
微波传感器
传感器综述1、微波传感器微波传感器是继超声波、激光、红外等传感器之后的一种新型非接触传感器。
微波是波长介于红外线和雷达波之间的电磁辐射，频率在1010Hz 和1011Hz 之间，具有电磁波的性质，广泛应用于通信、传感、雷达、导弹制导、遥感、射电等方面[1]。
近年来,国外利用微波频段电磁波的特性,研制生产了大量用放非电参量的检测和无损伤探测方面的微波传感器,工作十分引人注目[2]。
在很多方面显示出优越性，一般可以概括为以下几方面[3]：1、测量具有不接触、非破坏性,因而可以进行活体检测,大部分测量不需要取样。
2、快速性、灵敏度高,捕捉信息几乎不需要时间,可以进行在线检测、动态检测和适时处理,进而实现动态自动控制。
3、能够适应恶劣环境下的检测。
如4、高温、高压、有毒、放射性环境以及恶劣5、天气、人所不能及之处等等。
长期以来,传感器的电检测技术基本上局限于低频和光频两个频段并从集总电路参数和电压、电流的观点来研究各种传感器的性能,很少使用它们之间的微波频段并从电磁波的角度来研究传感器。
随着这一领域的开拓和发展,不仅为传感器增加了新的分支和新的品种,而且也为微波半导体器件和微波集成电路开辟了新的应用前景[4]。
1.1、微波传感器原理电磁波包括的频谱范围极宽,它们的特性因频率不同而各异。
微波是频率很高的电磁波,它的低端频率为300MHz,高端可达300GHz。
微波具有一系列特性,用来进行非电参量的无损检测是很合适的[5]。
首先,微波具有似光性。
例如,微波具有良好的定向辐射性能,在自由空间沿直线传播且速度等于光速,在反射、折射、绕射、散射、干涉时遵循与光同样的物理定律。
其次,微波能够穿透大多数非金属材料,包括许多对光波来说是不透明的材料。
并且与这些材料的分子相互作用,从内部不均匀处产生反射、散射。
第三,微波遇到良导体时几乎全部反射,良导体在微波频率的趋肤深度仅几微米。
第四,介质对微波的吸收正比放介质的介电系数。
微乃电子微波水位传感器M FMR230 231、FMR240 244 245、FMR250操作手册说
SD00327F/00/EN/13.1071125885Functional Safety ManualMicropilot MFMR230/231, FMR240/244/245, FMR250Level-Radarwith 4 to 20 mA Output SignalApplicationOperating minimum (e.g. dry run protection) andmaximum (e.g. overfill protection) detection of powdery to granular bulk solids and all types of liquids in systems to satisfy particular safety systems requirements as per IEC 61508/IEC 61511.The measuring device fulfils the requirements concerning•Functional safety as per IEC 61508/IEC 61511•Explosion protection (depending on the version)•Electromagnetic compatibility as per EN 61326 and NAMUR recommendation NE 21•Electrical safety as per IEC/EN 61010-1Your benefits•Used for level monitoring (MIN, MAX) up to SIL 2–Independently assessed (Functional Assessment) by as per IEC 61508/IEC 61511•Permanent self-monitoring •Continuous measurement•Non-contact measurement: measurement is virtually independent of product properties •Easy commissioningMicropilot M Table of contentsSIL Declaration of Conformity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Structure of the measuring system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4System components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Description of use as a protective system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Permitted device types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Supplementary device documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Description of the safety requirements andboundary conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Safety function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Restrictions for use in safety-related applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Functional safety indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Behavior of device during operation and in case of error . . . . . . . 11Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Proof-test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15Proof-test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Process for proof-testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Commissioning or proof test protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Exida Management Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182Endress+HauserMicropilot MEndress+Hauser 3SIL Declaration of ConformitySIL_08006a_deMicropilot M4Endress+HauserIntroduction!Note!General information on functional safety (SIL) is available at:/SIL (German) or /SIL (English) and in Competence Brochure CP002Z "Functional Safety in the Process Industry - Risk Reduction with Safety Instrumented Systems".Structure of the measuring systemSystem componentsThe measuring system's devices are displayed in the following diagram (example).An analog signal (4 to 20 mA) in proportion to the level is generated in the transmitter. This is sent to adownstream logic unit (e.g. PLC, limit signal transmitter, etc.) where it is monitored to determine whether it is below or above a specified limit value.For fault monitoring, the logic unit must recognize both HI-alarms (≥ 21.0 mA) and LO-alarms (≤ 3.6 mA).Micropilot MEndress+Hauser 5Description of use as a protective systemThe Micropilot M is a "downward-looking" measuring system that functions according to the ToF method (ToF = Time of Flight). The distance from the reference point (process connection of the measuring device) to the product surface is measured. Radar impulses are emitted by an antenna, reflected off the product surface and received again by the radar system.Typical measuring arrangement:!Note!Correct installation is a prerequisite for safe operation of the device.Permitted device typesThe details pertaining to functional safety in this manual relate to the device versions listed below and are valid as of the specified software and hardware version. Unless otherwise specified, all subsequent versions can also be used for safety instrumented systems.A modification process according to IEC 61508 is applied for device changes.Valid device versions for safety-related use:Micropilot M FMR230, FMR244FeatureDesignation Version 010Approval all 020Antennaall 030Antenna Seal; Temperature all 040Process Connection all 050Output; Operation A, B, K 060Housing all 070Cable Entry all 080Additional OptionallValid software version: FMR230: as of 01.04.00; FMR244: as of 01.05.00Valid hardware version (electronics): as of delivery date January 2010Micropilot MMicropilot M FMR231Feature Designation Version010Approval all020Antenna; Inactive Length all030Process Connection all040Output; Operation A, B, K050Housing all060Cable Entry all070Gas-Tight Feed Through all080Additional Option allValid software version: FMR231: as of 01.04.00Valid hardware version (electronics): as of delivery date January 2010Micropilot M FMR240, FMR250Feature Designation Version010Approval all020Antenna all030Antenna Seal; Temperature all040Antenna Extension all050Process Connection all060Output; Operation A, B, K070Housing all080Cable Entry all090Additional Option allValid software version: FMR240, FMR250: as of 01.05.00Valid hardware version (electronics): as of delivery date January 2010Micropilot M FMR245Feature Designation Version010Approval all020Antenna all030Process Connection all040Output; Operation A, B, K050Housing all060Cable Entry all070Additional Option allValid software version: FMR245: as of 01.05.00Valid hardware version (electronics): as of delivery date January 20106Endress+HauserMicropilot MEndress+Hauser 7Supplementary device documentationDocumentationContentsCommentTechnical InformationTI00345F/00 (FMR23x, FMR24x)TI00390F/00 (FMR250)–Technical data–Instructions on accessories –The documentation is available on the Internet.→ .Operating Instructions (HART)BA00218F/00 (FMR230)BA00219F/00 (FMR231)BA00220F/00 (FMR240)BA00248F/00 (FMR244)BA00251F/00 (FMR245)BA00284F/00 (FMR250)–Identification –Installation –Wiring –Operation–Commissioning –Maintenance –Accessories –Troubleshooting –Technical data –Appendix–The documentation is supplied with the device.–The documentation is also available on the Internet.→ .Operating Instructions (Device Functions)BA00221F/00 (FMR23x)BA00291F/00 (FMR24x, FMR250)–Instructions on use–Micropilot M function menu –Function groups ...–...–Envelope curve –Troubleshooting–Function menu index–The documentation is available on the Internet.→ .Safety instructions depending on the selected version "Approval"–Safety, installation and operating instructions for devices, which are suitable for use in potentially explosive atmospheres or as overfill protection (WHG, German Water Resources Act).Additional safety instructions(XA, XB, XC, ZE, ZD) are supplied with certified device versions.Please refer to the nameplate for the relevant safety instructions.Micropilot M8Endress+HauserDescription of the safety requirements and boundary conditionsSafety functionThe mandatory settings and safety function data emanate from the descriptions from →ä11.The measuring system's reaction time is ≤ 5 s.!Note!MTTR is set at 8 hours.Safety-related signal:The Micropilot M's safety-related signal is the 4 to 20 mA analog output signal. All safety measures refer to this signal exclusively.The Micropilot M additionally communicates effectively via HART and contains all HART features with additional device information.The safety-related output signal is fed to a downstream logic unit, e.g. a programmable logic controller or a limit signal transmitter where it is monitored for the following:–Overshooting and/or undershooting a specified level limit.–The occurrence of a fault, e.g. error current (≤ 3.6 mA, ≥ 21.0 mA, interruption or short-circuit of the signal line).Restrictions for use in safety-related applicationsThe measuring system must be used correctly for the specific application, taking into account the medium properties and ambient conditions. Carefully follow instructions pertaining to critical process situations and installation conditions from the Operating Instructions.The specifications from the Operating Instructions (→ä7, "Supplementary device documentation") must not be exceeded.The following restriction also applies to safety-related use:–The accuracy of the 4 to 20 mA safety-related output signal is ± 10%.Micropilot MFunctional safety indicators The following tables show specific indicators for functional safety.Characteristic as per IEC 61508FMR23x with 4 to 20 mA outputSafety functions MIN MAXSIL2HFT0Device type BMode of operation Low demand modeSFF 67 % 74 %MTTR8 hRecommended time interval for proof-testing T1 1 yearλsd *2 392 FIT 87 FITλsu *2951 FIT1125 FITλdd *2541 FIT846 FITλdu *2916 FIT710 FITλtot *32800 FIT2768 FITPFD avg for T1 = 1 year *14,01 × 10-33,11 × 10-3PFD avg for T1 = 1 year *54,75 × 10-33,69 × 10-3MTBF *335 yearsSystem reaction time *4≤ 5 s*1 PFD avg*2 According to Siemens SN29500.*3 According to Siemens SN29500, including faults outside the safety function.*4 Step response time as per DIN EN 61298-2.*5 Calculated, with MTTR = 24 h, lifetime (LT) = 10 years and proof test coverage (PTC) = 98 %,Proof-test intervalEndress+Hauser9Micropilot MCharacteristic as per IEC 61508FMR24x, FMR250 with 4...20 mA outputSafety functions MIN MAXSIL2HFT0Device type BMode of operation Low demand modeSFF 68 % 75 %MTTR8 hRecommended time interval for proof-testing T1 1 yearλsd *2 356 FIT 99 FITλsu *21031 FIT1207 FITλdd *2621 FIT878 FITλdu *2903 FIT697 FITλtot *32911 FIT2881 FITPFD avg for T1 = 1 year *13,96 × 10-33,05 × 10-3PFD avg for T1 = 1 year *54,68 × 10-33,62 × 10-3MTBF *335 yearsSystem reaction time *4≤ 5 s*1 PFD avg*2 According to Siemens SN29500.*3 According to Siemens SN29500, including faults outside the safety function.*4 Step response time as per DIN EN 61298-2.*5 Calculated, with MTTR = 24 h, lifetime (LT) = 10 years and proof test coverage (PTC) = 98 %,Proof-test interval10Endress+HauserDangerous undetected failures in this scenario:An incorrect output signal that deviates from the real measured value by more than 10%, but is still in the range of 4 to 20 mA, is considered a dangerous, undetected failure.Useful lifetime of electrical components:The established failure rates of electrical components apply within the useful lifetime as per IEC 61508:2000, section 7.4.7.4. note 3.Behavior of device during operation and in case of error Behavior of device during power-upThe safe 4 to 20 mA output signal is available after 17 s after the device is switched on or when the voltage returns.Device response in the event of alarms or warningsError currentIn the event of an alarm, the output current can be configured to a value of ≤ 3.6 mA or ≥ 21.0 mA.In some cases (e.g. failure of power supply, a cable open circuit and faults in the current output itself, where the error current ≥ 21.0 mA cannot be set), output currents ≤ 3.6 mA irrespective of the configured error current can occur.For alarm monitoring, the logic unit must therefore be able to recognize both HI-alarms (≥ 21.0 mA) and LO-alarms (≤ 3.6 mA).Alarm and warning messagesAdditional information is available in the form of fault codes on the alarm and warning messages output.Installation Installation, wiring and commissioningInstallation, wiring and commissioning of the device is described in the accompanying Operating Instructions(→ä7, "Supplementary device documentation").OrientationThe permitted orientations of the device are described in the Operating Instructions.Operation Calibration of the measuring pointCalibration of the measuring point is described in the Operating Instructions.The method of device configuration!Note!Altered settings (display/FieldCare) in the "extended calibr." function group (Pos. 05) such as "offset" or"curr.turn down" (Pos. 063) in the "output" function group have an effect on the output signal.This must be taken into account when calculating the response height (see relevant Operating Instructions).We recommend that you check that the behavior of the current signal matches the expected behavior by meansof level simulation (correctness of configuration).Configuration schemata/basic calibrationThe parameters are safety-oriented with the "WHG" setting in 018 (→ information in the following table).As an alternative to activating the "WHG" setting, it is also possible to make the safety-oriented setting manually. In doing so, please observe the information in the table below.!Note!The parameters in italics are located on the service level, which can be opened with the code "300".FieldCare / Display - plain text displayDisplay VU331 Position Media type (only FMR24x, FMR250 (software version 01.05.00))001↓Tank shape *1 (FMR23x, FMR24x) or Bin type (FMR250)002↓Medium property003↓Process conditions004↓Empty calibration E005↓Full calibration F006↓Pipe diameter (for bypass / stilling well)007↓MappingSee Operating Instructions ↓Further settings: function group 05See Operating Instructions ↓Overfill protection WHG018↓On-site locking: 3 keys on the VU331 displayYes *1 For FMR 240 with wave guide antenna, stilling well must always be selected as tank shape.FieldCare /Display - plain text display Value/parameterDisplay VU331CommentSafety settings Output on ALARM Max. 110 %, 22 mA 010Parameter must be configured in this way Output echo loss ALARM 012Parameter must be configured in this way Delay time1 s014→ Note 1In safety distance SD self holding016→ Note 3!Note! 1.This parameter determines the reaction time of the device in the event of echo loss; a setting of less than 30 s is recommended.2.This parameter determines the reaction time of the device; deviating settings are possible.In case of changes in "process cond." (004) it is automatically adjusted. The corresponding reaction time is indicated in the documentation BA.3.This parameter can be selected differently, depending on the application.A measuring condition (echo) which results in an ALARM in the "Safety distance SD" area can be reset or deleted by–confirming the ALARM in Pos. 017 locally by means of the VU331 LCD display;–confirming the alarm via the communication protocol (HART) (FieldCare: "ackn. alarm" under safety settings).FieldCare /Display - plain text display Value/parameterDisplay VU331CommentFiltering/averaging/delay Envelope statistics up 20D23→ Note 2Envelope statistics down 20D24→ Note 2MAM filter length 50D11→ Note 2MAM filter border 10D12→ Note 2Output damping 0058→ Note 2Echo detection FEF edge (nur bei MIN)00D56Parameter must be configured in this way FAC mode FMC rising 0D99Parameter must be configured in this way FAC adder6 dB 0D35Parameter must be configured in this way Tank bottom detection OFF0D61Parameter must be configured in this way First echo factor unchanged, but if previously smaller than 30, than: 0D530D51→ Note 3FEF threshold 00D52→ Note 3FEF at near distance 30 dB 0D53→ Note 3FEF distance near 500 mm 0D54→ Note 3FEF distance far 3000 mm0D55Parameter must be configured in this way Max. filling speed 0 mm/s (factory setting)0D15Parameter must be configured in this way Max. drain speed 0 mm/s (factory setting)0D16Parameter must be configured in this wayOtherDetection window OFF0A7Parameter must be configured in this way Hysterese width 0 mm (factory setting)0D14Parameter must be configured in this way Communication address 0060Parameter must be configured in this way Current output mode "Standard" if previously "Fixed current" 063Parameter must be configured in this way SimulationSim. / OFF065Parameter must be configured in this wayLockingThe device must be locked once the Micropilot M has been calibrated as per the Operating Instructions.Type of locking Code/action Position/VU331 displayHardware (recommended) 3 keys together "lock"Locally via VU331 display (keys O and S and F)↓Software (mandatory)WHG (german)018UnlockingThe device is unlocked by firstly removing the hardware lock by locally pressing all the three keys together viathe VU331 LCD display and then by setting the "Overfill protection" parameter (Position 018) to "Standard" ifnecessary.Type of unlocking Code/action Position/VU331 displayHardware (if locked) 3 keys together "unlock"Locally via VU331 display (keys O and S and F)↓Software Standard018Maintenance Please refer to the relevant Operating Instructions (→ä7, "Supplementary device documentation") forinstructions on maintenance and recalibration.Alternative monitoring measures must be taken to ensure process safety during configuration, proof-testing andmaintenance work on the device.Proof-testProof-test Check the operativeness and safety of safety functions at appropriate intervals!The operator must determine the time intervals.You can refer to the diagram "Proof-test interval" →ä9, →ä10, for this purpose.Proof-testing of the device can be performed as follows:–Approaching the level (→ test sequence A).–Removing the device and measuring a medium with comparable properties (→ test sequence B).You must also check that all cover seals and cable entries are sealing correctly.Process for proof-testing Test sequence APreparation1.Connect suitable measuring device (recommended accuracy better ±0.1 mA) to the current output.2.Determine the safety setting (level limit monitoring).Procedure for level limit monitoring1.Approach the level directly below (MAX monitoring) or directly above (MIN monitoring) the level limitto be monitored.2.Read the output current, record it and assess for accuracy.3.Approach the level directly above (MAX monitoring) or directly below (MIN monitoring) the level limitto be monitored.4.Read the output current, record it and assess for accuracy.5.The test is deemed successful if the current in step 2 does not result in activation of the safety functionbut the current in step 4 does.!Note!The proof-test is deemed to have failed if the expected current value deviates for a specific level by >±10%.For troubleshooting, → Operating Instructions (→ä7, "Supplementary device documentation"), Section 9.98% of dangerous, undetected failures are detected using this test.Test sequence BPreparation1.Prepare the test tank with the medium (dielectric constant comparable to that of the medium to bemeasured).For installation instructions, → Operating Instructions (→ä7, "Supplementary devicedocumentation"), Section 3.2.Remove the device and mount it in the test tank.3.Perform interference echo mapping if the shape and size of the test tank is different.4.Connect suitable measuring device (recommended accuracy better than ±0.1 mA) to the current output.5.Determine the safety setting (level limit monitoring).Procedure for level limit monitoring→ Test sequence A!Note!The proof-test is deemed to have failed if the expected current value deviates for a specific level by > ±10%.For troubleshooting, → Operating Instructions (→ä7, "Supplementary device documentation"), Section 9.98% of dangerous, undetected failures are detected using this test."Caution!If an interference echo mapping was performed in the test tank, a valid interference echo mapping must beperformed after the device is mounted in the original tank.!Note!If one of the test criteria from the test sequences described above is not fulfilled, the device may no longer beused as part of a safety instrumented system.The purpose of proof-testing is to detect random device failures. The impact of systematic faults on the safetyfunction is not covered by this test and must be assessed separately.Systematic faults can be caused, for example, by process material properties, operating conditions, build-up orcorrosion.RepairsRepairs Repairs on the devices must always be carried out by Endress+Hauser.Safety functions cannot be guaranteed if repairs are carried out by anybody else.Exception:The following components can be replaced by the customer if the person responsible for doing so has beentrained beforehand by Endress+Hauser:–Sensor–HF module–Electronic insert–Terminal moduleThe replaced components must be sent to Endress+Hauser for the purpose of fault analysis.Once the components have been replaced, a proof-test must be carried out as per test sequence A (→ä15)or test sequence B (→ä15).In the event of failure of a SIL-labeled Endress+Hauser device, which has been operated in a protectionfunction, the "Declaration of Contamination and Cleaning" with the corresponding note "Used as SIL device inprotection system" must be enclosed when the defective device is returned.Please refer to the Section "Return" in the Operating Instructions (→ä7, "Supplementary devicedocumentation").AppendixCommissioning or proof test ArrayprotocolExida Management SummaryEndress+Hauser2122Endress+HauserEndress+Hauser23Instruments InternationalEndress+HauserInstruments International AGKaegenstrasse 24153 ReinachSwitzerlandTel.+41 61 715 81 00Fax+41 61 715 25 00***************.comSD00327F/00/EN/13.1071125885FM+SGML 6.071125885。
微波传感器
滞后。用接收机将来自发射机的参照信号Ue sin2πf0t与上述反射 信号混合后，进行超外差检波，则可得到如下式那样的具有两
频率之差，即fD
ud
Ud
s
in
2f
Dt
4f0r
c
（11-6）
第11章 微 波 传 感 器
因此，根据测量到的差拍信号频率，可测定相对速度。但是， 用此方法不能测定距离。为此考虑发射频率稍有不同的两个电 波f1和f2，这两个波的反射波的多卜勒频率也稍有不同。 若测 定这两个多卜勒输出信号成分的相位差为ΔΦ，则可利用下式 求出距离r：
第11章 微 波 传 感 器
由 微 波 振 荡 器 产 生 的 振 荡 信 号 需 要 用 波 导 管 （ 管 长 为 10 cm以上，可用同轴电缆）传输，并通过天线发射出去。为了使 发射的微波具有尖锐的方向性，天线要具有特殊的结构。常用 的天线如图11-1所示，其中有喇叭形天线（图（a） 、（b））、 抛物面天线（图（c）、（d））、 介质天线与隙缝天线等。
第11章 微 波 传 感 器
第11章 微 波 传 感 器
11.1 微波概述 11.2 微波传感器的原理和组成 11.3 微波传感器的应用
第11章 微 波 传 感 器
11.1 微波概述
微波是波长为1 mm～1 m的电磁波，可以细分为三个波段： 分米波、厘米波、毫米波。微波既具有电磁波的性质，又不同于 普通无线电波和光波的性质，是一种相对波长较长的电磁波。微 波具有下列特点：
微波温度传感器最有价值的应用是微波遥测，将它装在航 天器上，可以遥测大气对流层的状况，可以进行大地测量与探 矿，可以遥测水质污染程度，确定水域范围，判断植物品种等。
第11章 微 波 传 感 器
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C波段微波传感器技术说明书
一、产品概述
本微波传感器通过多普勒原理用于检测移动人体信号。
工作于C波段的国际通用频率，具有比X和K波段更低的无线链路传播损耗。
该模块探测天线具有方向性，在天线正前方120°范围内灵敏度很高，具有比全向天线更远的作用距离和抗干扰能力。
该模块内部集成微波振荡器、检波器和高增益中频放大器，具有更高的集成度。
模块直接输出低阻抗多普勒信号，用户只需将中频输出接入控制器输入端即可使用，无需用户二次开发中频放大电路。
操作简单，性价比高。
二、产品照片
实物图片
天线方向图
三、技术参数
感应检测频率 5.8GHZ±75MHz
发射功率密度＜＜5mW/c m2
辐射角水平角120°,垂直角110°
检测距离不小于12米
5cm/秒（沿天线纵横线测试）
最小检测运动
速度
中频输出无信号时DC 2.5V
工作电压 3.3~5.5V
工作电流＜25mA
温度范围
-40°C
至+85°C 外形尺寸：35mmX34mmX4.8mm
(不包括天线高度）
四、接线说明
五、外形尺寸
2012.2。