热泵精馏英文文献翻译
热泵精馏英文文献翻译

热泵技术,应用以及市场为了应对不断增长的能源利用对经济,安全和环境造成的影响,我们所采取的对策必须包括可再生能源的发展,改善终端能源利用效率。
热泵在这两个方面都扮演了很重要的角色。
热泵有效地利用了可再生热能源资源,如自然热能或浪费的余热,热泵被用在为一些关键的耗能环节提供高效率服务。
这些措施包括空间加热和制冷,水加热,工业过程加热。
本文首先讨论了一般的热抽技术。
它突出了热泵的基本特征并和其他加热替代品进行了比较,在热泵技术中最为常用的两种技术是压缩和吸收。
随后,确定了热泵在建筑和工业的适用性问题。
目前使用的热泵说明的附录中,从横向分析了各个国家在热泵方面应用的实例。
文章最后对热泵的市场进行了分析,分析了热泵市场规模和意义,并强调了那些影响市场发展的主要因素。
1.介绍在20世纪70年代基本的化石燃料短缺的潜在经济后果,成为一个世界性的关注。
两次能源危机表明连续中断和保证石油供应的影响。
分别设立紧急和高调方案以减少对进口能源的依赖。
国家和国际组织开始致力于提高能源效率和替代能源的发展。
在20世纪80年代油价急速下降,致使能源供应的担忧逐渐缓和。
然而,在同一时间继续大量使用化石能源资源的环境后果变得越来越明显。
环保意识,成为一个强大的能源效率和替代能源发展的新的驱动程序。
热泵在这些发展中发挥了关键作用。
热泵有效地利用热能可再生能源资源,如自然能源或废弃余热利用,热泵有可能有效地提供并减少主要能源消费装置对能源需求,包括空间的加热和冷却,水加热,工业过程加热。
为实现这一目标,热泵必须在技术上成熟,正确应用,并得到广泛应用。
这三个方面,技术,应用和市场渗透,在这篇文章中回顾。
本文主要是基于国际热泵的现状及政策回顾[ Stuij 等人,1994年,主要研究分析了热泵的情况,在27个国家和地区的利用,取得了国际概述文章发表在国际能源机构热泵中心通讯 [斯特德曼等,1993年至1995年,每季]。
最近在我们出版的《工业热泵的经验,潜力和全球环境效益》覆盖了全球工业热泵的情况[RCG的哈格勒贝利等人,1995]。
化工节能中的热泵精馏工艺流程分析

于直接式热泵精馏, 只不过多了一个进料口; 下塔则 类似于常规精馏的提馏段即蒸出塔, 进料来自上塔
量加热蒸汽( 即高负荷的再沸器) , 或在低压运行必 的釜液, 蒸汽则进入上塔塔底。分割式热泵精馏的
须采用冷冻剂进行冷凝。为了使用冷却水或空气作 节能效果明显, 投资费用适中, 控制简单。
2004 年第 10 期
节
能
( 总第 267 期)
ENERGY CON SERV AT I ON
21
分割式热泵精馏的特点是可通过控制分割点浓 度( 即下塔进料浓度) 来调节上塔的温差, 从而选择 合适的压缩机。在实际设计时, 分割点浓度的优化 是很必要的。
分割式热泵精馏适用于分离体系物的相图存在 恒浓区和恒稀区的大温差精馏, 如乙醇水溶液、异丙 醇水溶液等。表 3 是某工厂采用常规精馏、塔顶直 接式热泵精馏和分割式热泵精馏工艺处理异丙醇水 溶液的结果。从表 3 可以看出, 分割式可选择单级 压缩机, 其耗电量大大降低; 而塔顶直接式就必须选 择昂贵的多级压缩机。其耗电量几乎是分割式的 2 倍。 1 1 4 闪蒸再沸
表 4 吸收式热泵的特点
回收余热 类型
温度/
余热形式
供热温度/
驱动能量
COP 值
型 20~ 60 低温热水、低压废蒸汽 60~ 100
高温水、燃料 1 7
型 60~ 100 低温热水、低压废蒸汽 100~ 150 60 以上的余热 0 48
由表 4 可看出: I 型吸收式热泵与 型 吸收式 热泵虽是吸收式热泵的两大分支, 二者原理相似, 但 由于驱动能量及供热量温度的差异, 使二者应用条 件有所不同。一般在余热源温度较低( 30~ 60 ) , 用热温度也较低 ( 60~ 100 ) 时, 可用 I 型热泵, 其 COP 值可达 1 7 左右, 即消耗 1kW 驱动能, 可以获 得 1 7kW 的可 用热。而在 余热源温 度较高( 60 ~ 100 ) 需要的供热温度也较高( 100~ 150 ) 时, 可 用 型 热泵, 其 COP 值 约为 0 5, 即 每 供给 热 泵 1kW 的低温余热, 可以获 得 1 5kW 温度较高 的可 用热, 相当于不需要其它代价, 就可以将低温余热的 一半左右回收利用。吸收式热 泵与压缩式热 泵相 比, 虽然供热系数 COP 较小, 但避免了使用动力, 在 动力紧张的情况下, 有压缩式热泵所不可替代的优 点。吸收式热泵的优点是: 可以利用温度不高的热 源作为动力, 如工厂废汽、废热。除功率不大的溶液 泵外没有转动部件, 设备维修方便, 耗电量小, 无噪 音。缺点是热效率低, 需要较高的投资, 使用寿命不 长。因此只有在产热量很大、而温度提升要求不高, 并且可用废热直接驱动的情况下, 吸收式热泵的工 业应用才具有较大的吸引力。以下是吸收式热泵的 应用举例[ 8] 。
外文翻译及原文

Pyrolysis of oil sludge first by thermogravimetry/mass spectroscopy (TG/MS) and then in a horizontal quartz reactor with an electrical laboratory furnace under different pyrolysis conditions was carried out. The influence of heating rate from 5 to 20 °Camin-1, final pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 700 °C, various interval holding stage, and catalyst on the products were investigated in detail. The TG/MS results show that pyrolysis reaction of oil sludge starts at a low temperature of about 200 °C, and the maximum evolution rate is observed between the temperatures of 350-500 °C. A higher final pyrolysis temperature, an interval holding stage, and adding catalyst can promote the pyrolysis conversion (in terms of less solid residue production). In all parameters, an interval holding stage for 20 min near the peak temperature of 400 °C can enhance the yield of oil and improve its quality. Three additives used in this work as catalysts do not improve oil product quality markedly in spite of increasing pyrolysis conversion greatly.油泥的裂解首先通过热重/质谱分析(TG / MS),然后在水平石英反应器中具有不同热解条件下的电气实验室炉进行。
三联供热泵专业英语

三联供热泵专业英语English: Three-way heat pump systems, also known as tri-source heat pump systems, are advanced heating and cooling systems that utilize multiple heat sources to provide efficient and sustainable heating solutions. These systems typically combine air-source, ground-source, and water-source heat pumps to extract heat from the surrounding environment and transfer it into buildings for heating purposes. By harnessing heat from these diverse sources, three-way heat pump systems can operate more efficiently than traditional single-source heat pumps, resulting in lower energy consumption and operating costs. In addition to their superior energy efficiency, three-way heat pump systems also offer flexibility in operation, as they can automatically switch between heat sources based on external temperature conditions, ensuring optimal performance year-round. With the rising demand for eco-friendly heating solutions, three-way heat pump systems have gained popularity in both residential and commercial applications, providing a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional heating systems.中文翻译: 三联供热泵系统,也称为三源热泵系统,是先进的供暖和制冷系统,利用多种热源提供高效和可持续的供暖解决方案。
精馏基础知识(中英文对照)——Introduction

精馏基础知识(中英⽂对照)——Introduction 介绍这次接的是多晶硅项⽬,负责精馏区⼝译,所以搜集了⼀些相关资料,利⽤空闲时间翻译过来,就当练笔了。
不过进度可能会很慢,因为不能在电脑前久坐英⽂原⽂作者及信息:Ming T. Tham,⽬前就职于英国纽卡斯尔⼤学化学⼯程和先进材料系(位于泰恩河上纽卡斯尔市)The author of the English version of the following article is Ming T. Than, currently with the School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.Introduction 介绍Distillation is based on the fact that the vapour of a boiling mixture will be richer in the components that have lower boiling points. 精馏的依据:某沸腾混合物的蒸汽中低沸点组分的组成较⾼。
Therefore, when this vapour is cooled and condensed, the condensate will contain more volatile components. At the same time, the original mixture will contain more of the less volatile material. 因此,当该蒸汽被冷凝时,冷凝液中含有较多易挥发组分。
同时,初始混合物中含有较多不易挥发组分。
Distillation columns are designed to achieve this separation efficiently. 精馏塔的⽬的即有效实现上述分离。
地源热泵空调系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Ground Source Heat PumpAt present,energy is the most important element for the development of states’economy.Because of the good energy-saving effect,using regenerate resource of energy,and no pollution,the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION is used more and more popular now.In the system of the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION,the terminal devices what include the fan,the deep well pump,the circulate pump are the biggest energy-consumed part except the inner device as well as the compressor motor, etc.So it is very important and significantto make the terminal devices running in the most energy-saving condition.In this paper,the author founded on the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION in Guangxi University,based on the actual project condition, made the redesign through the way of frequency conversion technology for the old system of GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION.At first, the equipments’ running control system were improved following the energ y-saving principle of fan and pump,choused Mitsubishi FR series frequency transducer with vector-controlfunction,Mitsubishi FX2N series PLC and other auxiliary parts to make up of the auto-control system for the GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP AIR-CONDITION,and then did the emulating analysis for the vector-control mode in the frequency conversion process.In the next based the auto-control system,made the PLC control system designing.This system monitor the temperature and flux in accurate and real time,then input feedback to the plc,finally the terminal device running status will correspond to the customer’s demanded-load,it can well meet the goal for saving energy and prolong the life of the motor and other device.At the same time,designed the PLC control process,according to this transformation of the specific programme,programmed for the PLC by using the FX-GP/WIN-C programme software.Researched and analyses the PID algorithm and its improved algorithm for the PID Operational module in the PLC.At last,through detailed analysis and accounted for energy-saving effect and the cost of thesystem-reforming,validated the profitability of this redesigned-project,and showed its feasibility and worthBe using renewable geothermal energy in shallow ground layer, a ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology is known as one of air conditioning techniques which have the greatest developmental. The GSHP has great potentials in energy reduction and in reducing CO2 emissions to conventional HVAC systems. In China, energy shortage and environmental issues pose a serious challenge accompanied by rapid economic growth. GSHP has been spotlighted as both energy efficiency and environmental benefits. Generally, the initial investment for a GCHP system is higher than that of a conventional system. GCHP energy savings will offset the higher installing cost in future. However, there are many aspects affecting the actual amount of energysaved, such as climate, building load, ground heat exchanger, heat pump, control, etc. Recently, a lot of research on the energy performance of GCHP has been carried out. However, most of these previous research projects evaluated the performance of GCHP system based on a laboratory scale or a small capacity system. There is little data documenting the long-term performance of a large-sized GCHP. Evalution and research on real world installed GCHP will provide a more accurate understanding of the current technology’s performance.The paper presented that the energy performance evaluation of two types of GSHPs based on actual operational data. The two types of GSHPs were ground-coupled heat pump system (GCHPs) and groundwater heat pump system (GWHPs) which were, respectively, installed in two apartment buildings of Wuhan, China. In one year, we monitored various operating parameters, including the outdoor temperature, the flow rate, electrical consumption, and the water temperature. The coefficient of performance (COP) values of system and chiller were determined based on a series of measurements. During residential GCHP system operation, the heat injection rate into soil is larger than the heat extraction rate out of soil. The COP of chillers of the GCHPs decreased significantly during the heating season due to the lowering of ground soil temperature. The system power consumption exhibited a strong linear relationship with outdoor temperature in both seasons and this suggests that normalizing power consumption against degree-days is a highly practical index in energy analysis in resident buildings, especially in winter.Some research topics were studied on the two actual cases. An exergy analysis of a ground water heat pump system on the actual operation was conduced. The energy efficiency and exergy loss and efficiency in each of the components of the system are detemined for the average measured parameters obtained from the monitored results of the hottest month and the coldest month. Inefficient facts are found out and increased energy efficiencies of two proposed improvement measures were estimated. Lower approach temperature is effective energy saving. In addition to the energy analysis, a full exergy analysis helps to identify the components where inefficiencies occur. An economic analysis model for GWHP was established to calculate energy consumption and operating cost based on a baseline condition. Plate heat exchanger flow rate and groundwater flow rate were optimization parameters according to different water price of the groundwater:GWHP survey data shows the impact of water price on groundwater flow rate in design. The long-term energy performances of theGWHPs and the GCHPs were investigated and compared with conventional HVAC systems and other GSHPs on literature data. A performances model was established base on the two cases to constrast the predicted performance with the actual performance.Based on superposition theorem of geothermal heat exchangers (GHE), a inverse model for GHE, G-functions interpolation approach was proposed. Linear interpolation method was adopted to fit G-functions. The method presented here uses the Nelder and Mead simplex algorithm as part of a parameter estimation algorithm to estimate G-function. For verification of G-functions interpolation approach, a numerical experimentation had been conducted where synthetic load on GHE was established. The simulation results with error and no error, were inversely modeled by G-functions interpolation approach and DST calibrated approach. The actual dataset of a small sized and a large sized GSHPs were also used in inverse modeling to verify the results from the G-functions interpolation approach. The small sized GSHPs was from literature. The large sized vertical GSHPs was the monitored case in the paper. A detailed DST model of a GHE has been calibrated to monitored data. The second year predicted temperatures calculated by the two models were compared with the measured. The results show the two approaches are reliable and have good performance of error tolerance. The error of GHE water temperature calculated by G-functions interpolation approach was less than DST calibrated approaches. The data error inversely modeled was mainly from recorded day data. As a extension study of the G-functions interpolation model, degree-day G-functions approach was proposed. The model was based on degree-day prediction load and can be applied on the residential buildings. The standard deviation of GHE water temperature by degree-day G-functions approach was larger than DST calibrated approaches. The result shows the appropriateness of degree-day G-functions interpolation approach for the quantitative modeling of GHE.This paper shows that the research on actual performance according measured data and presents two inverse models:G-functions interpolation model, degree-day G-functions model approach, which provides new methods for GHE inverse modelingWith the sustainable development theory being put forward in recent years, people pay more and more attention to energy efficiency and environmental protection. The Ground Source Heat Pump(GSHP) air-conditioning system has been a kind of new technology to save energy and protect environment. This paper gives an overview of technology economy analysis on GSHPAir-conditioning System and optimization design of its ground heat exchanger, which provide helpful suggestion to engineers.First, this paper gives an overview of the history of GSHP system in China and foreign countries. Based on the work principle of the GSHP system, the characteristics of three circulations have been proposed, which are the use of renewable energy saving and environmental friendly, etc. hi terms of technology economy, the GSHPair-conditioning system was compared with the air source heat pump system, the water source heat pump system and the traditional central air-conditioning system. Main indexes are given to evaluate the technology economy of the GSHP air-conditioning system. A practical project was used as an example for the analysis.Ground-loop heat exchanger is an important part of the GSHP air-conditioning system and deferent from other traditional air-conditioning systems. This paper gave detailed designing method of Ground-loop heat exchanger, including load calculation, pipe layout, choice of tubes and its material, antifreeze method, calculation of pressure drop, etc. Taken the GSHP air-conditioning system in the report room of Shandong Institute of Architecture and Engineering as an example, its design was analyzed and the optimization design ofground-loop heat exchanger was proposed.The people attention to energy efficiency and environmental protection,which decide the sustainable development of the country.The Ground Source Heat Pump(GSHP)air-conditioning system has been a kind of new technology to save energy and protect environment.This paper gives an overview of technology economy analysis on GSHP Air-condition System and optimization design of its ground heat exchanger,which provide helpful suggestion to engineersFirst,this paper gives an overview of GSHP system in China and foreign countries. Based on the work principle of the GSHP system,the characteristics of three circulations have been proposed,which are the use of renewable energy saving and environmental friendly,etc.In teams of technology ,the GSHP air-conditioning system was compared with the air source heat pump system,the water source heat pump system and the traditional central air-conditioning system.Main indexes are given to evaluate the technology economy of GSHP air-conditoningsystem.A practical project was used as an example for the analysis.Ground-loop heat exchanger is an important part of the GSHP air-conditioning system and deferent form other traditionalair-conditinoing systems.This paper gave detailed designing of Ground-loop heatexchanger,including load calculation ,pipe layout,choice of tubes and its material, antifreeze method, calculation of pressure drop,etc.Taken the GSHP air-conditioning system in the report room of the college and the residential community of Wulumuqi in Xinjiang as example,its design was analyzed and the optimization design of ground-loop heat exchanger was proposed.With the increasing seriousness of the problem of energy and environment more and more HVAC systems have been in service in World, which have significant influence upon energy and environment. Ground source heat pump (GSHP) system has a good development which is in the character of energy saving and environment protection. But this technology hasn’t been broadly used. And it has still some problems, which are expected being selected in the design and run. Therefore it is essential to understand roundly the character of GSHP systems, find the existent problems, and exploit the other approach of utilizing the ground energy.The paper surveys a groundwater heat pump system that is running in the heating mode in some region in Hunan. In this survey, we investigate the quantity, quality, and temperature of the circulating water, the electric consumption, and the outside weather parameter and so on. Based on the test date, we roundly understand the operation characteristic of this system in the heating mode, and analyze the influence of the different parameters on the coefficient of performance of the heat pump units. At the same time in this paper we also compare ground-source heat pump system to theair-source heat pump system and the boiler heating systems, which indicates the GSHP system utilizing ground water is more superior in energy saving and environmental protection. And according to the operating states of the system, the author optimizes the system in theory. All this experiment results can also provide some reference values for the design, manufacture and operation of ground source heat pump systems in the further.Besides, the author mentions the wading pool heat pump in this paper. Based on lumped-heat-capacity method and finite difference method, thermal storage of the wading pool is processed unsteady state heat transferring countthrough the program. In the intermittent run of the system, the paper analyses how the pool temperature change. And it also presents the influence of several parameters on heat transfer between the wading pool and the soil. It is feasible that it can be primary cold/heat source for air conditioning in the small-scaleGround-coupled heat pump (GCHP) air conditioning systems utilize ground soil as a heat or sink source, achieve heat transfer between the ground soil and a working fluid circulating in a closed loop buried in the ground. Compared to other conventional alternatives, the ground-coupled heat pump system makes full use of renewable energy, and protects the environment and reduces electric power consumption. It has been applied in Europe and American for a few decades. In recent years the technology has been paid attention to also in China, and a few GCHP projects have been completed. However, researches on design of the ground heat exchangers are far from adequate. On the base of de parted production, the paper set up the heat transfer model and study on it .As vertical U-Tube ground-coupled heat pumps have become the most widely used heat pumps because of many outstanding advantage it has, such as: fewer area requirement, fewer limits, running steadily, better performance, lower costs on system maintenance etc, the thesis lays emphasis on vertical U-tube heat exchangers. Main content of the paper:1. The physical and mathematical models were set up to simulate the ground heat around the U-tube heat2. ANSYS procedures used to prepare the ground source heat pump heat exchanger temperature distribution analysis of the results: single-tube heat exchanger pipe to the surrounding radius; The different backfill material has an obvious effect on systems, so it is necessary to seriously study the material for backfill3. The kinds of ground heat exchanger, the position of pipe, the diameter length and connection of the pipe, the system of distribution of indoor air are studied. And the factors of affection GSHP are analyzed by ANSYS. The design process of GSHP is expoundedThe Ground-Source Heat pump is a fresh domain in china and has a promising level opine. This article issue of concern has conducted the fundamental research inWith the consistent economic development, accelerating urbanization process,and increasing construction consumption, energy conservation in construction will beplaced high priority of China’s economic development. Ground source heat pump(hereinafter called GSHP), as a technology of energy conservation and environmentprotection, has obtained increasing importance and rapid development. In the wideintroduction of this project in China, some certain concrete problems had beenuncovered in practical use. As a result, there still remains huge potential to optimizethe GSHP air-conditioning system. In practical projects, a lot of elements need to beinvolved in the design and operation of GSHP. But the comprehensive analysis of allthe elements can promote the optimization of the project, which leads to much morereasonable and higher efficiency of the system, so as to push forward the developmentof GSHP and achieve a more economy, reasonable and efficient air-conditioningsystem, to response to our country’s policy.This thesis take the air-conditioning system in the library of Hunan CityUniversity’s new campus as a case study to conduct key research in the following aspects:In the beginning of design, analyze the feasibility of its application of cold and heat source system and get its advantages and disadvantages when compared to other system in the aspect of economy, to prove its reasonableness andsuperiority.In the phase of design, this thesis has analyzed the key problem—the balance of the temperature in winter and summer in several aspects such as systemdesign, operation manipulation, to adopt appropriate scheme for solving it andthen improve the efficiency and extend its time of use.From the standpoint of the water system and wind system, investigate thewhole system design. According to the air-conditioning characteristic of the building, a more reasonable optimized design and operation scheme will be proposed to improve the effect and efficiency of the air-conditioning system.The main climate characteristics of hot summer and cold winter area were hot in summer and cold in winter, and the humidity was very high, so the load characteristics were different from other climate regions. The building energy-saving season of hot summer and cold winter area was divided with AT values for the first division parameters in this dissertation. After the annual hourly energy consumption simulation of hotels, office buildings and residential buildings in hot summerand cold winter area with the DEST software, this paper described the building’s dynamic load characteristics with the cumulative effect of total load, the variation of load intensity, and the continuity of load.This paper fitted the Grou nd Source Heat Pump (GSHP) unit’s inlet and out water temperature, the building’s hourly load in to a parametric formula and simulated the operation of GSHP system with the FLUENT software which was controlled by editing the UDF program. This paper also compared the U-tube ground heat exchanger with the equivalent diameter ground heat exchanger based on dynamic load. It could be seen that the maximum deviation of the average temperature of the soil between the U-tube ground heat exchanger and the equivalent diameter ground heat exchanger was0.4℃in cooling and heating season with the GSHP system operating throughout the year in different groundwater seepage conditions. We could also get the conclusion that the average deviation of the outlet water temperature between the U-tube ground heat exchanger and the equivalent diameter ground heat exchanger was0.47℃in cooling season and0.53℃in heating season.The performance of ground heat exchangers would directly affect the performance of GSHP unit. This dissertation established the heat transfer model of geothermal hear exchanger and simulated the running performance of GSHP system which was affected by the groundwater seepage. It could be seen that the seepage was useful to long period operation of GSHP system. When the seepage velocity of the groundwater was equalto31.5m/a, the annual hourly outlet water temperature of the ground heat exchanger which was used in the hotel buildings of Shanghai was about the same.This paper selected Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing as the typical representative city of the hot summer and cold winter area. Combining with the four cities’ annual load characteristics of different buildings, long period operation characteristics of the GSHP in hot summer and cold winter area were analyzed. The conclusion was placed in three points. On the one hand, the greater the cumulative effect of total load, the higher the temperature of the soil, the greater the heat storage capacity of the soil. On the other hand, the greater the continuity of load, the more uneven the distribution of the temperature of the soil. On the third hand, the greater the variation of load intensity, the higher the highest outlet water temperature of ground heat exchangers in cooling season, the lower the lowest outlet water temperature of ground heat exchangers in heating season.译文:能源是国民经济发展的基础资源。
热泵精馏技术进展介绍
2 1 国内外热泵精馏技术 的研究 .
热泵技术应用于精馏 生产中最早是 由2 0世纪
5 0年代 的 R bno oisn和 Gll d提 出 的 , iin la 随后 的半 个
世纪里该技术迅 速发展。0i i 1e a进行 了具有蒸汽 vr 再压缩式精馏塔技术的研究 , m s .G bi 研究 J e G eb a e
维秀等 学者归 纳 了热 泵 精馏 基 本 应 用 方 式 , 并根 据
热 泵技 术 在精 馏 过 程 中起 到 节 能 的作用 , 高 提 热 泵输 出温度 , 高热 泵 的能效 比 , 提 是热 泵技术 急需
攻 克 的难题 , 也是 热 泵 技 术 努力 的方 向。热泵 技 术
各 自特 点 、 详尽 分 析 了性 能 和应 用 条 件 的不 同。魏
W NGL —u n , H N ig—yn ,Q UR A i ja Z A G Yn i g I u—ce hn
( o eeo hmi l n ier g Q n doU i ri f c nea dT c nlg , ig a 1C l g f e c g e n , ig a nv s yo i c n eh o y Qn do l C aE n i e t Se o 2 6 4 ,C ia 2 S a g ogC l g f h m cl eh i a sT n zo 2 7 0 , hn ) 6 0 2 hn ; . h n dn o e eO e ia T c nc n , e gh u 7 5 0 C ia l C i
入混合 室 , 生成生产需 要 的中压蒸 汽 ( 一般 在 0 4 a .MP
以下 )供再 沸器 二 次使 用 , 流程 最 重要 的特 点 是 , 本 没有 转动部 件 , 构 简 单 , 对 蒸 气 压 有 一 定 的 要 结 仅
基于分割式热泵的2-甲氧基乙醇-水精馏工艺模拟
基于分割式热泵的2-甲氧基乙醇-水精馏工艺模拟杨德明;王杨;廖巧【期刊名称】《化学工程》【年(卷),期】2012(40)5【摘要】Separate heat pump distillation was applied to separate 2-methoxyethanol-water system based on the azeotropic characters of the system. The binary interaction parameters of UNIQUAC equation used for calculating vapor-liquid equilibrium data were fitted against the experimental data of 2-methoxyethanol-water system. Based on the minimum annual operation cost, the simulation and optimization for separate heat pump distillation process were performed by Radfrac block and Compr block in Aspen Plus software, and the optimum conditions were determined, such as the breakpoint mole fraction x(H2O) =0. 17 and the stream input of compressor 6. 16 t/h. The simulation results show that the separate heat pump distillation process can save total annual cost by 34. 4% and the annual operating cost by 36. 3% compared with the conventional heat pump distillation.%基于2-甲氧基乙醇-水体系的共沸特性,应用分割式热泵精馏用于该体系的分离.采用UNIQUAC方程计算该体系的相平衡数据,并利用实验数据对UNIQUAC方程中的二元交互作用参数进行修正.利用Aspen Plus过程模拟软件中的Radfrac精馏模型和Compr等熵压缩模型,以年总费用最小为目标函数,对提出的分割式热泵精馏工艺进行了模拟与优,得到了合适的工艺参数,如分割点摩尔分数为x(H20) =0.17、压缩机进气量为6.16 t/h等关键工艺变量.模拟结果表明,与常规热泵精馏工艺相比,分割式热泵精馏工艺的年总费用可节约34.4%,操作费用可节约36.3%.【总页数】5页(P1-5)【作者】杨德明;王杨;廖巧【作者单位】常州大学石油化工学院,江苏常州213164;常州大学石油化工学院,江苏常州213164;常州大学石油化工学院,江苏常州213164【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ028【相关文献】1.热泵自夹带共沸精馏分离乙醇-甲苯-水三元共沸混合物 [J], 吕新宇;赵磊;汪文丞;单俊;邱滔2.分割式热泵精馏的研究及其分割点的确定 [J], 朱平;冯霄3.基于MVR热泵精馏的粗甘油脱水提纯工艺模拟研究 [J], 阮宗琳;杨秀娜;姜阳;齐慧敏4.基于中间再沸器的氯化苄热泵精馏工艺模拟 [J], 丁良辉;陈俊明;李乾军;刘从容;薛云波5.水-乙醇-环己醇三元体系精馏分离工艺模拟及优化 [J], 司美玉;陈艳丽;芦亚宁;倪怀兰;林枫因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
化工专业英语第五篇翻译
Distillation 蒸馏The separating operation called distillation utilizes1 vapor and liquid phases at essentially the same temperature and pressure for the coexisting zones. Various kinds of device such as dumped2(倾倒;堆放) or ordered3 packings4 and plates5 or trays5 are used to bring the two phases into intimate (亲密的;隐私的)contact. Trays are stacked(叠,层叠)one above the other and enclosed(装入)in a cylindrical shell to form a column6. Packings are also generally contained(包含;容纳)in a cylindrical shell between hold-down7 and support plates.称为蒸馏的分离操作是利用蒸汽相和液体相在基本相同的温度和压力下相互接触进行的。
各种设备,诸如散装的或者整砌的填料以及塔板或者塔盘用于使两相充分接触。
一块塔盘置于另一块之上并装入一个圆筒中形成一座塔。
填料一般也是装入圆筒中的支承板与压板之间。
1. Continuous Distillation (Fig.7) 连续蒸馏The feed material, which is to be separated into fractions1, is introduced at one or more points along the column shell. Because of the difference on gravity between vapor and liquid phases, liquid runs down the column, cascading2(成瀑布状落下;溢流) from tray to tray, while vapor flows up the column, contacting liquid at each tray.需要分离为几个馏分的物料从塔壳上的一个位置,或者几个沿塔高分布的位置进入塔中。
过程装备与控制工程专业外语(原文+翻译)
Unit 21Pumps1. IntroductionPump, device used to raise, transfer, or compress liquids and gases. Four' general classes of pumps for liquids are described below t In all of them , steps are taken to prevent cavitation (the formation of a vacuull1), which would reduce the flow and damage the structure of the pump, - pumps used for gases and vapors are usually known as compressors . The study of fluids in motion is called fluid dynamics.1.介绍泵是提出,转移或压缩液体和气体的设备。
下面介绍四种类型的泵。
在所有的这些中,我们一步步采取措施防止气蚀,气蚀将减少流量并且破坏泵的结构。
用来处理气体和蒸汽的泵称为压缩机,研究流体的运动的科学成为流体动力学。
Water Pump, device lor moving water from one location to another, using tubes or other machinery. Water pumps operate under pressures ranging from a fraction of a pound to more than 10,000 pounds per square inch. Everyday examples of water pumps range from small electric pumps that circulate and aerate water in aquariums and fountains to sump pumps that remove 'Water from beneath the foundations of homes.水泵是用管子或其他机械把水从一个地方传到另一个地方。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
热泵技术,应用以及市场
为了应对不断增长的能源利用对经济,安全和环境造成的影响,我们所采取的对策必须包括可再生能源的发展,改善终端能源利用效率。
热泵在这两个方面都扮演了很重要的角色。
热泵有效地利用了可再生热能源资源,如自然热能或浪费的余热,热泵被用在为一些关键的耗能环节提供高效率服务。
这些措施包括空间加热和制冷,水加热,工业过程加热。
本文首先讨论了一般的热抽技术。
它突出了热泵的基本特征并和其他加热替代品进行了比较,在热泵技术中最为常用的两种技术是压缩和吸收。
随后,确定了热泵在建筑和工业的适用性问题。
目前使用的热泵说明的附录中,从横向分析了各个国家在热泵方面应用的实例。
文章最后对热泵的市场进行了分析,分析了热泵市场规模和意义,并强调了那些影响市场发展的主要因素。
1.介绍
在20世纪70年代基本的化石燃料短缺的潜在经济后果,成为一个世界性的关注。
两次能源危机表明连续中断和保证石油供应的影响。
分别设立紧急和高调方案以减少对进口能源的依赖。
国家和国际组织开始致力于提高能源效率和替代能源的发展。
在20世纪80年代油价急速下降,致使能源供应的担忧逐渐缓和。
然而,在同一时间继续大量使用化石能源资源的环境后果变得越来越明显。
环保意识,成为一个强大的能源效率和替代能源发展的新的驱动程序。
热泵在这些发展中发挥了关键作用。
热泵有效地利用热能可再生能源资源,如自然能源或废弃余热利用,热泵有可能有效地提供并减少主要能源消费装置对能源需求,包括空间的加热和冷却,水加热,工业过程加热。
为实现这一目标,热泵必须在技术上成熟,正确应用,并得到广泛应用。
这三个方面,技术,应用和市场渗透,在这篇文章中回顾。
本文主要是基于国际热泵的现状及政策回顾[ Stuij 等人,1994年,主要研究分析了热泵的情况,在27个国家和地区的利用,取得了国际概述文章发表在国际能源机构热泵中心通讯 [斯特德曼等,1993年至1995年,每季]。
最近在我们出版的《工业热泵的经验,潜力和全球环境效益》覆盖了全球工业热泵的情况[RCG的哈格勒贝利等人,1995]。
2.技术
2.1热泵和节能
热量是从一个温度热源向低温热源自主流动的。
然而,热泵能够迫使热量反方向流动,用相对少量的高品质的驱动能源(电力,燃料,或高温余热)。
因此,热泵可以转移周围自然热源的热量,如空气中,地面或水中,或人为热源,如工业或家居废物,并把这些热能传输到建筑或供给工业应用。
热泵也可用于冷却。
热能向相反的方向转移,把热量从被冷却的低温装置,转移到一个温度更高的周围环境。
有时把冷却时提取的热量用于满足其他装置的热量需求。
为了把热量从热源运送到散热片,需要外部能量来驱动热泵。
从理论上说,热泵工转移的热量和从热源中提取的热量的总热量是相等的,加上提供热不工作
的能量。
电驱动供暖的建筑物热泵通常提供的只是20-40千瓦时100千瓦时的热量。
许多工业热泵可以实现更高性能,并提供相同多的热量但只消耗3-10度电的热量。
图1一些最显着的替代品与热泵的比较。
重要的是要强调,减少加热或冷却需求,在考虑到热泵之前很多措施都得到了充分实施。
在建筑物中,这些措施可能包括优良的绝缘,规定在内部太阳能热增益的使用,通风和热回收。
此外,我们必须考虑到,燃料或动力必须使用全面并满足供热需求(可能冷却),在几乎所有情况下,热泵是最节能的技术。
这是强调了6个关于供热的基本事实,如下:
1.直接燃烧产生热量,从来都不是最有效地利用燃料。
2.热泵是更有效的途径,因为他们使用可以使低温热形式的能量成为再生能源。
3.如果由传统的锅炉燃烧燃料来提供动力驱动热泵,燃油的消耗量将减少35%左右,可以使排放量减少35%。
4.电动热泵的热电联产或热电联产(CHP)系统驱动时,可以节约近50%的
能量。
5.无论是化石燃料,核能,可再生能源用于发电,电动热泵可以比电阻炉更好地利用这些资源。
6.燃气发动机热泵的燃油消耗以及排放率比传统的锅炉少35%左右。
这些陈述是由图1热泵系统与其最显着的替代品的比较得出的结论。
因为热泵比传统供热系统的能源消耗少,同时热泵排放的对环境有害的气体,如二氧化碳(CO2),二氧化硫(SO2)和氮氧化物(NOx)也很少,所以热泵是重要的技术。
然而,电动热泵整体对环境的影响,在很大程度上取决于电力是如何产生的。
热泵由电力驱动的,如果电力是由水力能源或再生能源转化的,那么对于减少废气排放的效果更加显著于煤炭和燃气发电厂所产生的电力。
几乎所有目前正在运行的热泵都是以蒸汽压缩或吸收式制冷循环为基础。
这两个原则将简要讨论如下。
理论上可以通过热泵实现多种热力循环过程。
这些包括斯特林和Vuille umier的周期,单相周期(例如,空气,二氧化碳或惰性气体),固体蒸气吸附系统,混合动力系统(尤其是蒸汽压缩式和吸收式制冷循环相结合),电磁和声学的过程。
其中一些已经进入市场,有一些已达到技术成熟,并可能在未来有重要意义。
2.2热泵循环
绝大部份的热泵工作的原理为蒸气压缩循环。
在这种热泵的挥发性液体作为工作液体或制冷剂循环通过四个部分组成,如图2所示。
图2闭路循环蒸汽压缩式热泵
在蒸发器的液态工作流体的温度保持在低于热源的温度,导致热量从热源流入的液体,并且使工作流体蒸发。
在压缩机,蒸发器内的蒸汽被压缩到一个更高的温度和压力。
随后蒸汽进入冷凝器凝结,同时释放出有用的热能。
最后,高压力的工作流体通过膨胀阀膨胀,达到蒸发器所需的压力和温度。
工作流体返回到原来的状态,并再次进入蒸发器。
通常由一个电动马达和内燃机驱动压缩机。
当
汽油或柴油发动机驱动压缩机,冷却水和废气中的热量被用来增加冷凝热。
工业蒸汽压缩开式热泵经常使用循环过程流体本身作为工作流体。
这些热泵通常被称为机械蒸汽压缩机,或者MVRs。
热驱动吸收式热泵,这意味着热量,而不是提供机械能,带动周期。
空间空调的吸收式热泵往往燃气,而工业装置通常由高压蒸汽或废热驱动。
吸收系统利用液体或盐的能力吸收工作液蒸气。
对吸收系统最常见的工作是(1)(工作液)水和溴化锂(吸水)和(2)氨(工作液)和水(吸水)。
吸收系统,压缩工作流体,实现热的转移,在这么一个循环系统中,包括吸收器,溶液泵,一台发电机和膨胀阀,如图3所示的电路。
图3。
吸收式热泵
蒸发器中的低压蒸汽被吸收剂吸收。
这个过程会产生热量。
该解决方案中工作流体被泵到高压,然后进入发电机,工作流体在外部供热提供的高温下煮沸。
冷凝器中凝结的工作液(气),而吸水返回吸收塔。
蒸发器所需的热量从热源中提取。
有用的热介质温度在冷凝器和吸收器。
在发电机提供高温热运行过程中。
一般是用少量的电力驱动溶液泵。
2.3性能
由于热泵提供的热量从理论上是从热源提取的热量和推动循环所需的能量的总和。
被称为性能系数(COP),即电动压缩在给定的温度条件下热泵稳态性能。
它被定义为热泵提供的热量比提供给压缩机的用电。
性能系数(COP)=热泵提供的热量∕提供给压缩机的用电发动机和热驱动热泵一次能源利用率(PER)的性能表示。
提供的能量是那么热值较高的燃料型(HHV)提供。
对于电动热泵所得的也被定义为,乘以性能系数的发电效率。
性能系数或源利用率与一个热泵的温度升降,即温度和热源热泵的输出温度之间的差异密切相关。
一个理想的热泵的性能系数仅由冷凝温度和升高温度(冷
凝 - 蒸发温度)。
决定
COPc=冷凝温度[°C]+273/升高的温度[°C]
图4显示了一个理想的热泵的功能性能系数,作为热源的温度是0℃的温度升降,图4还给出了实际的性能系数,真实热泵在不同温度下的温度升降,各类大小的范围。
实际热泵和理想性能系数的比率被定义为卡诺效率,HC。
小型电动热泵系统效率从0.5到0.7,大型热泵卡诺效率从0.30至0.5不等。
c = COP/ COPc
对于不同类型的热泵实现:性能系数/ PERS,蒸发温度0℃,冷凝温度50℃如表1所示:
表1。
典型的由不同的能源驱动的热泵的COP/PER范围。
蒸发和冷凝温度:0°C 和50°C。