英语国家概况第一章知识点

Chapter 1 Land and People•第01讲Geographical Features & Climate Part I the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter 1 Land and PeopleNames【译文】第一编英国第一章国土与人民名称•different names for 英国The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandthe United Kingdomthe UKGreat Britain （GB）BritainEnglandthe total population: 63 million.the third-largest in the European Union （behind Germany and France） and the 22nd-largest in the world.【译文】“英国”不同的名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国联合王国联合王国大不列颠（GB）不列颠英格兰总人口：6300 0000英国是欧洲第三人口大国（排在德国和法国后面），是世界第二十二人口大国。

•The UK is a developed country.the sixth-largest national economy in the world （and third-largest in Europe）measured by nominal GDP and eighth-largest in the world （and second-largest in Europe） measured by purchasing power parity （PPP）.It was the world’s first industrialized country and the world’s foremost power during the 19th and early 20th centuries.【译文】英国是一个发达国家。

英国的名义GDP居世界国民经济的第六位（欧洲第三位），购买力平价居世界第八位（欧洲第二位）。

它是世界上第一个工化的国家，是19世纪到20世纪早期世界上最重要的力量。

•I Geographical Features1.The UK’s Geographical Location and Its SizeEnglish Channel: The UK is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel. The English Channel between England and France is quite narrow and the narrowest part is called the Straits of Dover, which is only 33 km across.▲Chunnel: In 1985 the British government and the French government decided to build a channel tunnel under the Straits of Dover so that England and France couldbe joined together by road. After eight years of hard work, this channel tunnel, which is called “Chunnel,” was open to traffic in May 1994.【译文】I.地理特征1.英国的地理位置和面积英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡将英国与欧洲其他部分隔开。

英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄，最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海块，只有33公里宽。

▲查诺尔：1985年，英法两国政府决定在多佛尔海峡底部修建一个隧道，把两个国家连接起来。

经过八年努力，这条名为“查诺尔“的海底隧道于1994年5月通车。

•The UK covers a total area of 244,110 sq km. （24万平方公里）England is the largest, most populous, and wealthiest division of the UK. It makes up 130,400 sq km of the UK’s total area. The area of Scotland is 78,800 sq km, the area of Wales is 20,800 sq km, and the area of Northern Ireland is 14,100 sq km. This means that England makes up 53.4% of the area of the UK, Scotland 32.3%, Wales 8.5%, and Northern Ireland 5.8%.【译文】英国的总面积为244,110平方公里。

英格兰是英国最大、人口最多、最富裕的行政区。

它占英国总面积中的130,400平方公里。

苏格兰的面积是78,800平方公里。

威尔士的面积是20,800平方公里。

北爱尔兰的面积是14,100平方公里。

这意味着英格兰占据英国总面积的53.4% ，苏格兰占据32.3%，威尔士占据8.5%，北爱尔兰占据5.85%。

• 2. Rivers and LakesRiversa. Basic Information:The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or east to the North Sea. Rivers and streams moving westward down from the Highlands tend to be swift and turbulent; rivers flowing eastward tend to be long and gentle, with slowly moving waters.b. Rivers:Rivers in England1）Severn River （354km）: longest river;2）Thames River （338km）: second largest and most important （water transportation, Oxford site）;3）Other important rivers in England are the Mersey, the River Humber, the Trent River and the Tyne River.【译文】河流和湖泊河流a.基础信息：高地扮演着分水岭的角色，决定着河流向西流入爱尔兰海，还是向东流入北海。

从高地流向西部的河流和小溪是迅猛的，而流向东部的河流是漫长且平缓的，水流比较慢。

b.河流英国的河流1）塞文河（354千米）：最长的河流；2）泰晤士河（338千米）：第二长河和最重要的河流（水路运输，坐落着牛津）；3）英格兰其他重要的河是默塞河，亨伯河，特伦特河泰恩河。

•Rivers in Scotlandthe important rivers are the Clyde and the Forth, which are joined by a canal.Rivers in Northern Irelandthe Lagan, the Bann, and the Foyle.【译文】苏格兰的河流最重要的河流是克莱德河和福斯河。

这两条河被一条运河连接起来。

北爱尔兰的河流拉甘河、班恩河和福伊尔河。

•★The Thames RiverThe Thames, 338 km long, is the most important river in Britain. It flows eastward out of the Cotswold Hills and weaves through the metropolis of London. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.【译文】泰晤士河长338千米，是英国最重要的河流。

它从科夏沃尔德山向东而波，横贯首都伦敦。

泰晤士河为伦敦城提供用水，并被用于水路运输。

•Lakes1）Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the UK.2）Loch Lomond, on the southwestern edge of the Highlands of Scotland, is the largest on the island of Great Britain.3）Lake Windermere is the largest of the 15 major lakes in the famous.【译文】湖泊1）北爱尔兰的洛尼格湖是英国最大的湖；2）位于苏格兰高地西南边缘的洛蒙德湖，是大大不列颠岛上最大的湖；3）温德米尔湖是15个著名湖泊中最大的一个。

•Lake District① One of the popular tourist attractions in Britain;② It is in Northwestern England. It is about 1.6 km wide and more than 16 kmlong.③ 15 lakes, Windermere is one of the largest ones.④ The home of the lake poets of 19th century: Wordsworth, Coleridge andSouthey.【译文】英国湖区①英国最引人的旅游热点之一；②在英格兰西北部，它大概宽1.6千米，长超过16千米；③15个湖泊，温德米尔湖是最大的湖之一；④19世纪湖畔诗人聚居的地方：华兹华斯、柯勒律治和骚塞。

•II. Climate1. Maritime Climatea. Favorable one, winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not toohot;b. Steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year;c. Small range of temperature. （average temperature in winter in the north is4-6°C and in summer in the south is 12-17°C）【译文】II.气候1.海洋性气候a.相当宜人，冬季温和不太冷、夏季凉爽不太热；b.全年的降雨量稳定；c.气温变化小。