基本翻译技巧(2)

英汉翻译技巧的八项理论依据

1.改变词类（conversion）

Ignorance of law is a dangerous thing for running a business.

无视法律对做生意是一件危险的事。

The residents in the small town all welcome the execution of the killer.

小镇的居民对处死杀人犯莫不拍手称快。

2. 选词用字（diction）

Before they could protest, the drivers were taken away by the soldiers.

司机还没来得急申辩，就被士兵们带走了。

He did not drop out of school despite his poverty-stricken family.

他没有因家境贫寒而辍学。

3.语序调整（inversion）

He said no word to his wife as she passed with a plate.

他妻子递盘子时，他一言未发。

The use of the inspection stamp is limited to the person to whom it is issued.

检章仅限对持章人使用。

4.省略（omission）

What is the shortest possible way to the Railway Station?

去火车站哪条路最近？

Stainless steel possesses good hardness and high strength.

不锈钢强度高，韧性好。

5.增词（amplification）

Steel and iron products are often coated lest they should rust.

钢铁产品的表面经常镀有一层涂料以防生锈。

The prosperity today symbolizes our efforts in the past 10 years.

今天的繁荣是经过过去十年的努力得来的。

6.重复（repetition）

Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part.

按惯列每条河有上游部分，中游部分和下游部分。

Half the prize money he spent, and the rest was laid aside for rainy days.

他把奖金的一半花了，剩下的一半留着以备不时之需。

7．反译（negation）

Suddenly he heard s sound behind him, and realized that he was not alone in the garage.

突然他听到背后有动静，意识到车库里还有别人。

She won’t buy anything less than the best that her budgets allow.

她买东西总超支。

8．分译（division）

It was a real challenge that those who had learnt from us now excelled us.

那些师从于我们的现在都超过了我们，这是个莫大的鞭策。

It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.

他停下来，转过身，看到一个女的个子高高的，虽年事已高，但风韵犹存。

断句

I come to China / at an important time.

我到中国访问，恰逢一个重要的时刻。

（笔：我是在一个重要的时刻来到中国的。）

They build the bridge in two months.

他们建这座桥，花了俩个月。

（笔：他们花了两个月建成了这座桥。）

Practice

1． It is nevertheless many years since / our two worlds first touched.

但是很久以前我们两个世界就开始接触了。

2． The speed of integration in international trade / of less developed countries / has been slow. 融入国际贸易的速度，就不发达国家而言，一直是缓慢的。

3． Governments have a crucial role to play / in promoting social human development and / in providing the poor with the necessary / working skills. 政府要发挥十分重要的作用，以促进社会的人力开发，并使穷人获得必要的劳动技能。

4． I don’t believe / that the European economy must follow the US int o a depression.我并不认为欧洲经济一定回步入美国后尘，进入一个萧条期。

汉英口译中的变通

1.以主语定谓语

从原文的主语或谓语部分摘取某个词语作新的主语，并以此为根据重新确定谓语动词，组织句子，如：

民族地区的经济社会获得不断的发展。

A.The economy and society of the ethnic minority areas have been developed continuously.

B.Continued economic and social development has been achieved/attained in the minority

concentrated areas.

C.The minority concentrated regions have witnessed continued economic and social

development.

2.以谓语定主语

有时汉语句子没有主语的，或者汉语的主语无法译为英语的主语，就需要在句子的其它部分找到一个词作主语，然后添加一个谓语动词，如：

各民族之间建立了平等、团结、互助的新型关系。

A.We have established a new type of relationship characterized by equality, solidarity and

mutual assistance between different ethnic groups.