5 中药与方剂翻译解析
中药方剂：中药方剂及答案解析
中药方剂：中药方剂及答案解析1、填空题天王补心丹中用量最大的药物是（）。
正确答案：生地黄2、问答题香芎汤功效与作用正确答案：风壅齿痛不可忍，或牙齿动摇，并口内生疮者。
3、问答题掀肿膏功效与作用正确答案：赤眼肿痛。
（江南博哥）4、问答题通窍汤功效与作用正确答案：外感风寒，鼻塞声重流涕。
散寒通窍。
5、问答题铁笛丸2功效与作用正确答案：肺热咽干，失音声哑。
润肺利咽。
6、问答题香芎散2功效与作用正确答案：偏正头风。
7、问答题天麻黄膏汤功效与作用正确答案：表有风证，因连日酣饮，其证复来，右口角并眼颇有侧视，及左手左脚腿麻木疼痛。
8、问答题芎术香苏散功效与作用正确答案：四时感冒，头痛发热，鼻塞声重。
9、问答题下虫丸2功效与作用正确答案：虫积。
10、问答题温经汤2功效与作用正确答案：寒气客于血室，血凝不行，致经道不通，绕脐寒疝痛彻，其脉沉紧者。
温经散寒，活血化瘀。
11、问答题魏香散功效与作用正确答案：小儿盘肠内吊，腹中极痛，干啼后偃。
12、问答题新伤续断汤功效与作用正确答案：骨损伤初、中期。
活血祛瘀，止痛接骨。
13、问答题卫生宝丹功效与作用正确答案：痈疽，发背，对口，疔疮，无名肿毒，杨梅，痔疮，打扑损伤，蛇、蝎、疯犬咬伤，伤梅2梅2梅2慲楴汴ㄣ??椥耀?王不留行散114、问答题芎术除眩汤功效与作用正确答案：寒湿上犯，头重眩晕。
15、问答题仙遗粮汤功效与作用正确答案：杨梅疮。
16、问答题文蛤汤功效与作用正确答案：吐后渴欲得水而贪饮者；兼主微风，脉紧头痛。
清里疏表。
17、问答题顽癣浮萍丸功效与作用正确答案：顽癣。
祛风燥湿，清热解毒。
18、问答题五痹汤功效与作用正确答案：风寒湿邪，客留肌肤，手足缓弱，麻痹不仁，或气血失顺，痹滞不仁。
19、问答题杏仁煎2功效与作用正确答案：眼暴赤。
(红眼病)20、问答题消风散4功效与作用正确答案：四时感冒，发热恶寒，头痛声重。
发汗解表。
21、填空题同时含有桃仁、川穹、当归的方剂是（）；补阳还五汤。
中医常用方剂解析大全
中医常用方剂解析大全English Answer：Introduction.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a vastrepertoire of herbal formulas, each with its unique combination of ingredients and therapeutic actions. These formulas have been used for centuries to treat a wide range of conditions, from common ailments to chronic diseases.Analysis of Common Herbal Formulas.1. Four Gentlemen Decoction (`Si Jun Zi Tang` 四君子汤)。
Composition: Ginseng, atractylodes, white peony root, and roasted licorice root.Indications: Spleen and stomach qi deficiency, fatigue, loose stools, abdominal distension.Actions: Tonifies qi, invigorates the spleen, and strengthens digestion.2. Six Harmonizing Decoction (`Liu Wei Di Huang Wan` 六味地黄丸)。
Composition: Cornus fruit, Chinese yam, lycium fruit, rehmannia root, peony root, and alisma rhizome.Indications: Kidney yin deficiency, hot flashes, night sweats, lower back pain.Actions: Nourishes yin, clears heat, and strengthens the kidneys.3. Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (补中益气汤)。
中医药名词英文翻译07(方剂学)
07.001方剂prescription,recipe,formula 07.002处方法prescribing method07.003配伍synergy07.004药对couplet medicines07.005方论discourse on prescription 07.006经方classical prescriptions 07.007时方non-classical prescriptions 07.008单方simple recipe07.009复方compound recipe07.010验方experiential effective recipe 07.011秘方secret recipe07.012中成药traditional Chinese patentmedicines and simplepreparations07.013君药sovereign drug07.014臣药minister drug07.015佐药assistant drug07.016佐助药supplementary drug07.017佐制药supplementary inhibitorymedicines07.018反佐药contrary drug07.019使药envoy drug07.020调和药harmonizing drug07.021引经药channel ushering drug 07.022剂型preparation07.023汤剂decoction07.024浓缩煎剂concentrated decoction 07.025膏滋oral thick paste07.026片剂tablet07.027泡腾片effervescent tablet07.028线剂thread formula07.029条剂stripe formula07.030露剂distillate formula07.031膏药plaster；medicinal paste 07.032软膏剂ointment07.033散剂powder07.034丸剂pill, bolus07.035蜜丸honeyed pill07.036水丸watered pill07.037水蜜丸water-honeyed pill 07.038糊丸flour and water paste pill 07.039浓缩丸concentrated pill07.040蜡丸wax pill07.041微丸mini-pill07.042滴丸剂dripping pill07.043颗粒剂granules07.044胶囊剂capsule07.045硬胶囊剂hard capsule07.046软胶囊剂soft capsule07.047微囊剂micro-capsule07.048茶剂medicinal tea07.049糕剂cake07.050栓剂suppository07.051搽剂liniment07.052锭剂lozenge07.053[烟]熏剂smoke fumigant 07.054曲剂fermented medicine 07.055胶剂gel07.056气雾剂aerosol07.057喷雾剂spray07.058灌肠剂enema07.059灸剂moxibustion formula 07.060熨剂compression formula 07.061合剂mixture07.062酊剂tincture07.063酒剂wine07.064浸膏剂extract07.065流浸膏剂liquid extract07.066口服液oral liquid07.067糖浆剂syrup07.068注射剂injection07.069乳剂emulsion07.070滴鼻剂nasal drop07.071滴眼剂eye drop07.072滴耳剂ear drop07.073水煎decoct with water 07.074酒煎decoct with wine 07.075先煎decocted earlier 07.076后下decocted later07.077包煎wrap-boiling07.078另煎decocted separately07.079烊化melt07.080兑入mix07.081生汁兑入mix with fresh juice07.082溶化dissolve07.083冲服administered after dissolved 07.084火候optimal fire07.085文火mild fire07.086武火strong fire07.087临睡服administered before bed time 07.088饭前服administered before meal; a.c.;ante cibum07.089饭后服administered after meal ; p.c.;post cibum07.090空腹服administered at empty stomach 07.091热服administered hot07.092温服administered warm07.093冷服administered cold07.094噙化administered under tongue 07.095顿服administered at draught07.096分服taken separately07.097频服taken frequently07.098药引medicinal usher07.099解表剂superficies-resolving formula 07.100辛温解表剂formula for relieving superficiessyndrome with pungent andwarm natured drugs07.101辛凉解表剂formula for relieving superficiessyndrome with pungent and coolnatrued drugs07.102扶正解表剂formula for strengthening bodyresistance and relievingsuperficies07.103表里双解剂formula for relieving bothsuperficial and internal disorders 07.104解表清里剂formula for relieving superficiesand clearing interior07.105解表温里剂formula for relieving superficiesand warming interior07.106解表通里剂formula for relieving superficiesand catharsis07.107和解少阳剂reconciling shaoyang formula 07.108清热剂heat-clearing formula07.109清气分热剂formula for clearing heat at qilevel07.110清营凉血剂formula for clearing nutrient leveland cooling blood07.111清热解毒剂formula for clearing heat andremoving toxicity07.112清脏腑热剂formula for clearing heat inviscerae07.113清热解暑剂formula for clearing heat andanti-summer- heat07.114清虚热剂formula for clearing asthenicfever07.115温里剂warming interior formula07.116温中散寒剂formula for warming interior fordispersing cold07.117回阳救逆剂formula for restoring yang andrescuing patient from collapse 07.118温经散寒剂formula for warming channel fordispersing cold07.119泻下剂formula for purgation07.120寒下剂cold cathartic formula07.121温下剂warm cathartic formula07.122润下剂moistened cathartic formula 07.123逐水剂drastic diuretics formula07.124补益剂supplementing [and boosting]formula07.125补气剂qi-supplementing formula07.126补血剂blood-supplementing formula07.127气血双补剂formula for benefiting both qi andblood07.128补阴剂yin-supplementing formula07.129补阳剂yang-supplementing formula 07.130阴阳并补剂formula for benefiting both yinand yang07.131固涩剂astringent formula07.132固表止汗剂formula for consolidatingsuperficies for arresting sweating 07.133敛肺止咳剂formula for astringing lung forrelieving cough07.134涩肠固脱剂formula for astringing intestineand arresting proptosis07.135涩精止遗剂formula for astringingspermatorrhea07.136固崩止带剂formula for arresting leucorrheaand metrorrhagia07.137安神剂sedative;tranquillizing formula 07.138消食剂digestive formula07.139开窍剂formula for resuscitation07.140凉开剂cold formula for resuscitation 07.141温开剂warm formula for resuscitation 07.142理气剂carminative formula;qi regulatedformula07.143行气剂formula for activating qi flowing 07.144降气剂formula for descending qi07.145理血剂blood-regulating formula07.146活血剂blood-activating formula07.147止血剂blood-stanching formula07.148治风剂formula for wind disorder07.149疏散外风剂formula for dispersing externalwind07.150平熄内风剂formula for calming downinternal wind07.151祛湿剂desiccating formula07.152和胃燥湿剂formula for harmonizing thestomach and drying dampness 07.153清热祛湿剂formula for clearing heat andeliminating dampness07.154利水渗湿剂formula for diuresis and 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方剂名词解释整理
1.方剂学：是研究和阐明方剂学的基本理论（治法等）、方剂的配伍规律及其临床运用的一门学科.2.方剂：是中医在辨证审因，确定治法的基础上，按照组方原则，选择适当的药物配伍组合，并酌定剂量、确定适宜的剂型及用量而成的处方，是为方剂。
3.治法：即治疗方法.指临床辨明证候之后，在治疗原则的指导下，针对病证的病因病机所拟定的治疗方法。
4.八法:为清代医家程钟龄在《医学心悟》中所提出的8种治疗大法，即所谓：“论治病之方，则有以汗、和、下、消、吐、清、温、补,八法尽之”。
5.调和营卫:是纠正营卫不和,解除风邪的一种治法。
风寒邪自表而入,可引起营卫不和，见头痛发热，恶风汗出，脉浮缓等证候，治以桂枝汤。
方中以桂枝温卫助阳,解肌发表；配白芍药滋养营阴，收敛阴液。
合则既能温卫阳,又可养营阴，从而达到调和营卫的目的。
6.辛甘化阳:是指用辛味药与甘味药相互配伍以增强扶助机体阳气，强壮阳气的治法。
如桂甘汤中以桂枝之辛与甘草之甘相互配伍,辛甘合化为阳,从而起到温心阳,益心气，通心脉、和血气,的作用，用治心阳不振的心动悸等证。
7.酸甘化阴：是指用酸味药和甘味药相互配伍以增强益阴的治法。
化阴，即敛阴、滋阴并进而使阴血日长之意。
临床常用于阴伤之证。
如桂枝汤中以白芍之酸与甘草之甘相合配伍，酸甘并用，既敛又滋,从而起到化阴滋营的作用，以补充营阴的不足。
8.逆流挽舟:指治疗痢疾初起而有表证（外感夹湿型痢疾）的一种方法。
古人认为,痢疾本来是邪气从表内陷于里,这时用败毒散疏表除湿，寓散于通,使表气疏通，里滞亦除,其痢自愈。
亦即邪自外入里，治疗上使邪从外而出，由里出表，好象在逆水中挽船上行的方法，故称。
9.制性存用：指方剂中通过药物的配伍，使某一药物的药性被其它的药物所制约，但又发挥其应有的功效，起到相反相成的作用,如银翘散中的荆芥。
10.热结旁流：是阳明腑实证的一种类型，同样有燥屎内结于肠中，但表现有“下利清水”，即时有排泄出黄臭的粪水，而不见燥屎泻出,况且,其虽有下利而腹痛、腹满不减,说明肠中仍有实热积滞,仍属阳明腑实证,是为“热结旁流”。
中医药名词英文翻译07(方剂学)
concentrated decoction 将汤剂浓缩，使浓度加大、体积缩小的液体制
剂。
oral thick paste
将药材用水煎煮、去渣浓缩后，加炼蜜或糖制
成的半流体制剂。
第1页
07.026 片剂
07.027 泡腾片 07.028 线剂 07.029 条剂
07.030 露剂 07.031 膏药 07.032 软膏剂 07.033 散剂 07.034 丸剂
07.055 胶剂 07.056 气雾剂
07.057 喷雾剂 07.058 灌肠剂 07.059 灸剂
07.060 熨剂 07.061 合剂 07.062 酊剂 07.063 酒剂 07.064 浸膏剂 07.065 流浸膏剂 07.066 口服液 07.067 糖浆剂 07.068 注射剂
medicinal tea cake suppository liniment
wrap-boiling decocted separately
melt
mix
mix with fresh juice
dissolve administered after dissolved optimal fire mild fire strong fire administered before bed time administered before meal; a.c.; ante cibum administered after meal ; p.c.; post cibum administered at empty stomach administered hot administered warm administered cold administered under tongue administered at draught taken separately taken frequently
中药与方剂—常见方剂(中医基础课件)
* 四药助君以加强疏散风热，透邪外出之力。 * 荆芥药性微温，在大堆寒凉药中，温性被制， 而存其发汗透邪之力，故属“制性存用” 之药。
· 银翘散 ·
佐：桔梗 — 宣肺化痰止咳。 竹叶、芦根 — 清热生津，除烦止渴。
使：甘草 — 清热解毒，调和诸药。 * 桔梗、甘草相配，为“桔梗甘草 汤”；功能清利咽喉，化痰止咳。
喉炎；
· 痈疮初起；
· 麻疹初起。
4.现代研究：有解热、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、增
强免疫功能等作用。
5.名词术语解释：制性存用
6.病案分析
二、泻下剂
• 凡以泻下药为主组成，具有通导大便、排除胃肠积滞、 荡涤实热，或攻逐水饮、寒积等作用，治疗里实证的方 剂，统称泻下剂。本类方剂是根据《素问·阴阳应象大论》 “其下者,引而竭之；中满者，泻之于内”的理论立法。 属于“八法” 中的“下法”。
· 参、术相须为用，增强补气ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ脾益胃之效
佐：茯苓——健脾渗湿
· 术、苓相配，健脾助运，相辅相成。 补中健脾；渗 湿助运。
使：炙甘草——益气和中，调和诸药
配伍要点：
参与术 、术与苓配伍；全方温而不燥，平补 不峻，共奏益中气，健脾养胃之效,体现了脾胃气 虚的基本大法。犹如宽厚平和之君子，故有“四 君子汤”之名
· 和解剂 ·
二、分类与适应证：
1.和解少阳 — 用于少阳病（半表半里证）； — 小柴胡汤。
2.调和肝脾 — 用于肝脾不和之证。 — 四逆散、逍遥散。
3.调和肠胃 — 用于肠胃不和，升降失调之心下痞证。 — 半夏泻心汤。
· 和解剂 ·
小柴胡汤
【组成】
（ 《伤寒论》）
柴胡半斤 黄芩三两 人参三两 半夏洗，半升 生姜切，三两 大枣擘，十二枚 甘草炙，三两
方剂学名词解释
方剂学名词解释方剂学是研究方剂的组方原理、配伍规律、临床运用以及方剂与中医理论关系的一门学科。
在中医药学中，方剂是中医治疗疾病的重要手段之一，它由一组特定的药物按照一定的原则组合而成。
下面，我们来详细解释一些方剂学中的常见名词。
方剂：方剂是在辨证审因确定治法之后，选择合适的药物，酌定用量，按照组方结构的要求，妥善配伍而成的。
方剂不是药物的随意堆砌，而是有目的、有法度地将药物组合应用。
君药：君药是方剂中针对主病或主证起主要治疗作用的药物。
其药力居方中之首，是方剂组成中不可缺少的药物。
君药的性能规定和影响着整个方剂的性能。
臣药：臣药有两种意义。
一是辅助君药加强治疗主病或主证的药物；二是针对兼病或兼证起治疗作用的药物。
臣药的药力小于君药。
佐药：佐药的意义较为复杂，主要有佐助药、佐制药和反佐药三种。
佐助药是协助君、臣药以加强治疗作用，或直接治疗次要兼证的药物；佐制药是用以消除或减缓君、臣药的毒性或烈性的药物；反佐药是根据病情需要，使用与君药药性相反而又能在治疗中起相成作用的药物。
使药：使药有两种含义。
一是引经药，即能引方中诸药以达病所的药物；二是调和药，即具有调和诸药作用的药物。
七情配伍：这是中药配伍的一种理论。
包括单行、相须、相使、相畏、相杀、相恶、相反七种情况。
单行是指用单味药治病；相须是指两种性能功效类似的药物配合应用，可以增强原有药物的疗效；相使是指以一种药物为主，另一种药物为辅，两药合用，辅药可以提高主药的功效；相畏是指一种药物的毒性反应或副作用，能被另一种药物减轻或消除；相杀是指一种药物能减轻或消除另一种药物的毒性或副作用；相恶是指一种药物能使另一种药物原有功效降低，甚至丧失；相反是指两种药物合用，能产生或增强毒性反应或副作用。
药对：药对是指在方剂中经常一起使用、相辅相成的两味药物。
它们的组合具有一定的规律性和科学性，能够增强疗效、降低毒性或者产生新的治疗作用。
治法：治法是在辨清证候，审明病因、病机之后，有针对性地采取的治疗法则。
中医常用方剂解析推荐文档
中医常用方剂解析1、麻黄加术汤《千金要略》组成：麻黄15，杏仁 15，桂枝 10，白术 20，甘草 10 煎剂，一日一剂，日三服，温服。
麻黄先煎。
适应症：适应于湿盛伴有小便不利者，以脉浮缓。
头痛，咳喘，浮肿，小便不利，鼻塞为主要指征。
可用于：风湿热，关节炎，急性肾炎，肾病综合症，以及煤气中毒，鼻源性头痛等病症。
方解：麻黄，桂枝解表；麻黄和杏仁一起，宣肺利水；甘草调和诸药；白术和麻黄、杏仁一起，加强利水作用且能治身痛。
在煤气中毒时，这种发散，利水作用有利于解毒和排泄毒物。
药物疗效：麻黄为止喘药，杏仁为止咳药，桂枝为温中药，白术为健脾利湿药，有利尿和降血糖作用。
2、麻黄杏石甘汤《伤寒论》组成：麻黄15杏仁15甘草10石膏20煎剂一日一剂，一日三服早晚温服麻黄先煎。
适应症：多汗，胸闷，口渴，咳喘，呼吸困难。
如气管炎，支气管喘息，心源性喘息，肺炎和此类病症相类同的疾病。
方解：麻黄解表利湿，可治咳喘；杏仁和麻黄协同平喘利湿；石膏解热清肺，甘草调和诸药；麻黄和石膏协同，防止邪气上冲有止汗作用。
麻黄止喘，升压，杏仁为止咳平喘，石膏清热利湿。
3、麻杏薏甘汤组成：麻黄15杏仁15薏苡仁10炙甘草8适应症：用天发汗后而受风体冷，头痛病症。
如肌肉风湿，风湿性关节炎，神经痛，妊娠肾病，肌体麻木，喘息，冻疮等。
方解：麻黄解表，杏仁协同麻黄，平喘利水，薏苡米仁利湿，和甘草协同有止痛作用。
主治范围包括，风、湿、寒、发热，身痛，以及因血燥而致之病症。
治例摘录：例一：病人为60 多男性，主诉颈背痛而强硬，。
经予葛根汤无效，脉浮有力，颈部僵直起床卧床皆需人协助，给予麻杏薏甘汤二剂后，病减半。
四剂病全消例二：病人为老身妇女，热天夜间露宿庭外，黎明起发现左肩剧烈疼痛。
午后加重，给予麻杏薏甘仁汤二剂后病症消失。
附记：本方为常用宣肺平喘利湿方，由麻黄汤去桂枝，加薏仁而成。
4、柴葛解肌汤《伤寒论》六书。
组成：柴胡15葛根10黄苓10桂枝10半夏10芍药10麻黄10石膏（碎） 20干姜8甘草8煎剂，一日一剂，一日三服，温服。
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ascending prescription
descending prescription
1 方药常用术语
剂型 prescription types
1. 汤剂 (decoction) 2. 散剂 (powder) 3. 丸剂 (bolus, pellet, pill)
蜜丸 水丸 糊丸 濃縮丸
1 方药常用术语
与方剂有关的术语
大方
grandiose prescriptions heavy prescription / patent prescription (L) major formula (W)
小方
minor prescriptions small prescription / light prescription minor formula
1 方药常用术语
配伍 composition / combination
配伍禁忌 contradiction of compatibility 七情 seven features/seven medicinal relations 單行 single application -- stand-alone medicinal 相須 mutual promotion /reinforcement 相使 mutual enhancement / assistance 相畏 mutual restraint 相恶 inhibition 相杀 detoxification 相反 antagonism
奇方 odd-numbered prescription odd-number formula 經方 classical prescription classical remedy 輕方 light prescription light formula
1 方药常用术语
与方剂有关的术语 (续)
dispersing prescription purgative prescription heavy prescription lubricating prescription
complex prescription / composite prescription compound formula
單方
複方
1 方药常用术语
与方剂有关的术语 (续)
偶方 even prescription even-number formula 時方 nonclassical prescription post-antique formula
1 方药常用术语
剂型 prescription types (续)
9. 錠剂、餅剂 (lozenge, pastille, troche and medicated cake) 10. 片剂 (tablet) 11. 糖漿剂 (syrup) 12. 沖剂 (granule, infusion) 13. 灸剂 (moxa) 14. 針剂 (injection) 15. 栓剂 (suppository) 16. 胶囊剂 (capsule)
中药与方剂名的翻译
Translation of TCM Herbs and Formula
Jeanelle
1 方药常用术语
方剂
prescription, recipe, forescriptionology science for studying prescriptions
1 方药常用术语
炮制 processing
bleaching soaking refining with water charring, calcining roasting
honeyed bolus water pellet / water-paste pill paste pill condensed pellet
1 方药常用术语
剂型 prescription types (续)
4. 膏剂 (extract, ointment and plaster) 浸膏 extract 流浸膏 liquid extract 煎膏 decocted paste 软膏 ointment, paste 硬膏 plaster 5. 丹剂 (elixir, dan) 6. 酒剂 (medicated wine, vinum) 7. 茶剂 (medicated tea) 8. 药露 (distilled medicinal water / medicinal dew)
宣剂 泻剂 重剂 滑剂 补剂 涩剂
燥剂 湿剂 寒剂 热剂 升剂 降剂
dry prescription moistening prescription cold prescription heat prescription
tonic prescription
astringent prescription
緩方
mild prescription gentle formula
single-drug prescription / simple prescription simple formula
急方
prescription for emergency / urgent prescription urgent formula
七方是方剂分类的合称。指七种组成不同的方剂。见 《伤寒明理论》。即大、小、急、缓、奇、偶、复等 七方。详各条。《素问· 至真要大论》：“治有缓急， 方有大小”，“君一臣二，奇之制也；君二臣四，偶 之制也”，“奇之不去则偶之，是谓重方。”至金代 成无己才将其总结为七方。 七方说明处方立法，应按照病情缓急，病位上下，适 当配伍药物，并斟酌剂量等，作为制方依据，逐渐演 变而成七方。即大、小方，缓、急方；奇、偶方或复 方。一般指处方中药味多或量大者为大方，反之为小 方；用药和缓，或长期服用的方剂为缓方，反之为急 方，单味药或奇数药的为奇方，反之为偶方；数方组 合的方剂为复方