商务英语阅读-试卷
商务英语阅读-试卷2014-2015学年第二学期商务英语阅读课程试卷〔A〕一、商务术语英译汉（每题1分，共10分）1. housing and land tax 2. agent-service3. business tax4. income tax5. amount deposited6. capital market7. economic stimulus 8. export contract9. foreign currency earnings 10. amount receivable二、商务术语汉译英（每题1分，共10分）1. 承租人2. 资产3. 本地银行4. 出租人5. 损失6. 抵押7. 萧条8. 信用第一9. 公平交易10. 首次公开发行三、商务术语定义匹配（每题1分，共20分）Part one Match the terms in column A with the definitions in column B:A______________________ B________________________________________1)market share A) A group of advisors, originally to a political candidate,for their expertise in particular fields,but now to any考试时间120分钟适用班级（份数）考试类型题序一二三四五六七八总分分值100 得分阅卷人复核人得得得decision makers,whether or not inpolitics.2)cash drain B) The rate of new product development, which isgetting faster with more severe competition and fastertechnological advancement.3)shareholder wealth C) Percentage or proportion of the total availablemarket or market segment that a product orcompany takes.4)net worth D) A group of executives employed to manage aproject, department, or company with theirparticular expertise or skills.5)management team E) A person, project, business or company thatcontinues to consume large amounts of cash withno end in sight.6)brain trust F) A person or firm that invests in a businessventure, providing capital for start-up orexpansion, and expecting a higher rate of returnthan that for traditional investments.7)balance sheet G) The wealth shareholders get to accrue from theirownership of shares in a firm, which can beincreased by raising either share prices ordividend payments.8)captains of industry H) A financial statement that summarizes acompany's assets, liabilities and shareholders'equity at a specific point in time.9)Venture capitalist I) Total assets minus total liabilities, an importantdeterminant of the value of a company, primarilycomposed of all the money that has been investedand the retained earnings for the duration of itsoperation.10)product cycle L) A business leader who is especially successfuland powerful and whose means of amassing apersonal fortune contributes substantially to thecountry in some way.Part two Match the terms in column A with the explanations in column B:A B1) bondholder a) A measure of a company's financial health,whichequals cash receipts minuscash payments over agiven period of time.2) creditor b) A financial asset whose value has fallensignificantly and which fails generate cashflowand is worth much less than expected.3) dealership c) An entity (person or institution) that extendscredit by giving another entitypermission toborrow money if it is paid back at alater date.4) health-care expenses d) A unit specially organized to work on a singledefined task5) manufacturing capacity e) A business company that is owned or controlledby another larger company 6) net cash flow f) A person owning a bond or bonds issued by agovernment or a publiccompany7) bad asset g) Money used for the preservation of mental andphysical health bypreventing or treatingillnessthrough services offered bythe healthprofession8) hot products h) Volume of products or services that can begenerated by a productionplant or enterprise ina given period by usingcurrent resources.9) subsidiary# i) A business established or operated under anauthorization to sell ordistribute a company’sgoods or service in aparticular area10) task force j) Products that are extremely populous amongconsumers and normally selllike hot cakes inthe market.四、综合阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Part oneIn a speech to Morgan Stanley’s staff during the market turmoil of 2008, John Mack, the firm’s street-fighting boss, wondered aloud: “How do you get through chaos?” Wall Street’s most blue-blooded firm survived, bloodied, with government help and some timely investments from Asia. The question facing Mr Mack’s successor as chief executive, James Gorman (pictured), an urbane Australian, is equally vexing: how should the 75-year-old firm be reshaped so that it can prosper in a post-crisis world?The answer lies partly in undoing much of the firm’s pre-crisis expansion under Mr Mack into mortgages and other risky, leveraged assets. The balance-sheet has shrunk by about 20%. Proprietary-trading desks have been closed or are being spun off, as are hedge funds. A push into more stable, and capital-light, wealth management and retail brokerage was made through the opportunistic purchase of 51% of Smith Barney from Citigroup. New people have been brought in to run the firm’s key divisions.It is the biggest voluntary overhaul of any big American financial firm since 2008 (Citi was forced by regulators to restructure). It sets Morgan Stanley in contrast with its archrival, Goldman Sachs, which doesn’t seem keen to change at all.Executives insist that this does not presage a new Morgan Stanley but merely a rebalancing towards less volatile, client-facing businesses, many of which, such as merger advice and securities underwriting, were the firm’s bread and butter before it contracted Goldman-envy. The firm has ‘cut off’ the bits that made aggressive bets with its own capital, says Mr Gorman. Suspect units included a sin gle mortgage desk that lost $9.6 billion. His mantra is ‘originate, distribute and manage capital’, not punt your own.The ride is proving bumpy. After a good first half of the year, the firm made profits of only $313m from continuing operations in the third quarter, down from almost $1 billion a year earlier. Particularly disappointing was the institutional-securities (i.e., investment banking and trading) division, the engine of the group. Its revenues slumped to their lowest since early 2009. An insider jokes that Morgan’s underperformance relative to Goldman is a public-relations ploy to ensure that the firm remains more popular than its rival. “With the lion’s share of the business being restructured, and new faces at the top, the outlook is unusually u ncertain,” says Michael Mayo, an analyst at CLSA, a broker.The firm is in a strong position in retail brokerage. The Smith Barney deal catapulted it to the top spot, with 18,000 brokers and $1.6 trillion in client assets. In a business where scale is important, only two competitors come close: Bank of America/Merrill Lynch and Wells Fargo. “We’re the prettiest girl at the dance,” boasts Mr Gorman. Morgan Stanley Smith Barney (MSSB) not only provides a huge distribution platform—for instance, the firm recently led a stock offering for General Motors—but is also a useful source of deposits.The division has not been without problems. A lot of leading performers left after the merger, though the rate of departures has since fallen. Fear of losing more talent h as kept the brokers’ compensation ratio at 60%, and the firm’s overall ratio at an uncomfortably high 54%, well above Goldman’s. But there is a lot of money to be made if the firm can make its brand as trusted on Main Street as on Wall Street.Morgan Stanl ey’s reputation among blue-chip companies has remained strong, despite its near-death experience and earlier turmoil, such as the controversial merger with Dean Witter in 1997 and subsequent palace coup in 2005. Morgan heads the global league table for announced mergers and acquisitions this year and is in the top two in equities. It is popular with governments looking to sell shares: recent deals it jointly led include Petrobras and Agricultural Bank of China, as well as GM. “It would take a nuclear weapon to sink a brand as strong as theirs in traditional investment banking,” says a senior executive at a rival firm.Morgan Stanley is, by contrast, an also-ran in fixed income, a crucial area these days that includes credit, commodities and rates. With 6% of the market, it is less than half the size of the biggest “flow monster”, Goldman. That matters not least because, as Morgan Stanley’s own analysts point out, the bigger you are in fixed income, the less volatile your returns. The firm is trying to push its share to 8% but Colm Kelleher, who runs sales and trading, acknowledges the scale of the task: “You don’t go from where we are now to being a top three counterparty in a quarter or two.”In asset management, the smallest of the firm’s three main business es, it will take years to reach its goal of becoming an ‘industry leader’, even if all goes to plan. With $273 billion of client money Morgan is a minnow—its eight largest rivals all manage more than $1 trillion. Long run as a collection of silos, asset management has scraped a profit in just two of the past 11 quarters. To jump-start the division, Mr Gorman has hired Greg Fleming, a former president of Merrill Lynch, whose past achievements include helping to sell his old firm to Bank of America for far more than anyone else would have paid.Mr Gorman himself is a breath of fresh air. Mr Mack was the investment banker’s investment banker: a charismatic former bond salesman driven by instinct as well as analysis. By comparison, his successor, a former consul tant known for his strategic flair, is ‘positively Cartesian’, as a colleague puts it (though sufficiently down-to-earth to be taking boxing lessons). “If John was our wartime leader, James is our peacetime builder,” says Mr Kelleher. Some worry that Mr Mack, now chairman, will meddle, creating tension at the top. He and Mr Gorman profess to get on well, however. There are no signs that Mr Mack, who now spends most of his time with clients, is interfering with strategy.He may have more to say if the share price does not liven up over the next year or so. The firm trades at 20% below its book value, compared with 25% above for Goldman. Analysts want to see clear financial targets. But Mr Gorman will only commit himself to a goal of a ‘high-teens’ return on e quity ‘in normal markets’. The target of a 20% pre-tax margin at MSSB by 2012 has been quietly dropped.Another worry is that the increased emphasis on the retail business will, over time, sap the cachet of the more venerable institutional business. “If (i nvestment banking) is no longer your得one big thing, it can become harder to attract the best people. And it can be insidious, like diabetes,” says a former senior Morgan Stanley man. The firm also needs to work harder to keep big clients sweet. Some have c omplained that it is ‘extremely complicated to do business with’, admits Mr Gorman. To fix that, he has hired a batch of experienced relationship managers, including Merrill Lynch’s Kevin Dunleavy, who has an enviable list of hedge-fund contacts.The problems have at least been identified. Insiders talk of a new-found scrappiness: ‘a determination that the firm be more than just a survivor,’ as Ted Pick, co-head of equities, puts it. The CEO is leading from the front when it comes to wooing clients: he has met more than 400 since taking over in January.And when it comes to managing risk and allocating capital according to risk-adjusted returns, not crude revenues, lessons appear to have been learned. After reeling off numerous initiatives in these areas, Mr Kelleher suggests that the recent crisis will prove to be for Morgan Stanley what the 1994 bond market blow-up was for Goldman: an event so traumatic that it leads to a permanently increased attunement to risk.“In the future we’ll show more discipline in defining the sandboxes we play in,” says Mr Gorman. If he keeps to that promise, the firm that was founded during the Great Depression through a spin-off from JP Morgan might one day look back on the Great Recession as a time of rebirth, not just pain.1）What does James Gorman ,the new chief exetutive, try to do to reshape Morgan Stanley after the crisis? ________A. Try to get government help and some timely investments from Asia.B. Try to undo much of the firm’s pre-crisis expansion.C. Fire more people to control costs.D. Make more mergers and acquisitions in the world market.2）Who is Morgan Stanley’s main rival?A. Smith BarneyB. CLSAC. Agricultural Bank of ChinaD. Goldman Sachs3）Which of the following statement about the Smith Barney deal is true? ________A. After a good first half of the year, the firm made profits of only $313m, down from almost $1 billion a year earlier.B. The deal made no difference to the troubled situation.C. It made Morgan Stanley a superior position in retail brokerage.D. It was particularly disappointing because its revenues slumped to the lowest since early 2009.4）What is not the problem in Morgan Stanley Smith Barney (MSSB) according to the passage ?__________A. There is a lot of money to be made.B. A lot of leading performers left after the merger.C. T he brokers’ compensation ratio was too high.D. There was a fear of losing more talent.5）What does the sentence “It would take a nuclear weapon to sink a brand as strong as theirs in traditional investment banking.” suggest? _________A. Morgan Stanley is popular with governments looking to sell shares.B. Morgan Stanley’s near-death experience and earlier turmoil are controversial.C. Morgan Stanley has been infamous since the turmoil.D. Morgan Stanley’s reputation has remained strong.6）Is it easy for Morgan Stanley to change the situation from an also-ran to a victor in fixed income? _________A. Sure it is.B. It still needs a long way to go.C. It’s hard to say.D .It’s a big problem.7）What do you know about John Mack, Morgan Stanley’s former chief executive? _______A. He is a great bond salesman .B. He is known for his strategic flair.C. He is a wartime leader.D. He is a peacetime builder.8）Which figure is roughly fit to Mr Gorman’s goal on equity in normal markets? ________A. 20%B. 25%C. 18%D. 12%9）What effort has Mr Gorman make to regain Morgan Stanley’s venerable institutional business? ________A. He has increased emphasis on the retail business.B. He has hired a batch of experienced relationship managers.C. He has worked harder to keep big clients sweet.D. He has won a list of hedge-fund contacts.10）What does Morgan Stanley plan do in the future according to Mr Gorman? _______A. It will show more discipline in its business dealings.B. It will define more clearly the sandboxes it plays in.C. It will go through a spin-off from J.P. Morgan.D .It will look back on the Great Recession from time to time.Part twoWhat makes money valuable? Why is a piece of paper marked $ 10 worth more than one marked $1? You could say there is no reason. It’s true that a special kind of paper is used to make dollar bills, and they are pretty, but that’s not what makes them valuable. The real reason money is valuable is that everyone believes it is.Ancient economies had no paper money or coins. Some used barter---- trading one thing for another. Others used all kinds of objects as money. Any object would do, as long as there was not an unlimited amount of it. Animals or metals were popular, and so were manufactured products like jewelry or weapons. Wealth in ancient Greece was measured in tools or cattle. This kind of money had two purposes. First, it was useful in itself. Tools and cattle can be used for farming. And second, it was a way to symbolize and measure value. A house, for example, would be valued at a certain number of tools or cattle. This greatly simplified trade. Other societies used money that was totally symbolic. For instance, American Indians used wampum, which is made from seashells. And until recently on the pacific island of Yap, people use large stone discs as money.In most places these types of money died out because more practical forms of money were invented. People started using precious metals, such as gold and silver, that were easier to carry around than tools or stones. And in the eighteenth century, paper money was introduced. At first people were suspicious of new currency, but they came to accept it because the government or bank issuing it would exchange an equal amount of gold for the paper. A $ 10 bill really was worth $ 10 for gold. But now, people are used to the idea that the government doesn’t have to back its money with gold. Everyone believes that a $ 10 bill is worth $10 and that is good enough. But i f, for some reason, people ever lost faith in paper money, ten dollars wouldn’t be worth the paper it’s printed on.1. According to the writer the real reason money is valuable is that everyone believes .A. money is valuableB. gold is valuableC. money is gold2. The writer of this selection mentioned animals, metals and manufactured products like jewelry or weapons because .A. they were valuableB. they were used as money in ancient timesC. people liked them3. Paper money was invented .A to take the place of other types of moneyB to be replaced by other types of moneyC in the nineteenth century4. At first people did not have trust in paper money because .A.it was not worth muchB.the paper was not of good qualityC.it looked like an ordinary piece of paper5. People came to accept paper money when .A the government began to issue itB the bank began to issue itC they could exchange it for the same amount of goldPart threeMany private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doe sn’t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are abundant examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.1. In the passage, the author appeals to the public to support .A. private higher education in generalB public higher education in generalC. high-quality private universities and colleges2. According to the passage, schools are bad businesses because of .A. the nature of schoolB. poor teachersC. bad management3. What does the phrase “go under” (Par. 2, sentence 3) probably mean?A. have low tuitionB. get into difficultiesC. do a bad job educationally4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. There are many cases to indicate that private schools are superior to public schools.B. The author thinks diversity of education is preferable to uniformity of education.C. Each time tuition is raised, the enrollment goes up.5. In the author’s opinion, the way that can save private schools lies in .A. full enrollmentB. raising tuitionC. national support五、翻译（英译汉）（每题10分，共20分）Part oneHow's this for a gripping corporate story line: Youthful founder gets booted from his company in the 1980s, returns in the 1990s, and in the following decade survives two brushes with death, one securities-law scandal, an also-ran product lineup, and his own often unpleasant demeanor to become the dominant personality in four distinct industries, a billionaire many times over, and CEO of the most valuable company in Silicon Valley.Part twoWhen the leaders of the Group of Twenty (G20) countries meet in Seoul on November 11th and 12th, there will be plenty of backstage finger-pointing about the world’s currency tensions. American officials blame China’s refusal to allow the yuan to rise faster. The Chinese retort that the biggest source of distortion in the global economy is America’s ultra-loose monetary policy得。
商务英语BEC高级阅读训练题及答案
商务英语BEC高级阅读训练题及答案第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解一问题 1：根据文中的信息，请回答以下问题：（a）公司使用云计算可以带来哪些好处？（b）解决云计算安全问题的方法是什么？（c）在购买云计算服务之前，公司需要考虑哪些因素？答案：（a）公司使用云计算可以带来以下好处： - 提高效率和灵活性 - 节约成本 - 随时随地访问数据（b）解决云计算安全问题的方法包括以下几点： - 加强网络和数据安全 - 使用强密码和加密技术 - 定期备份数据（c）在购买云计算服务之前，公司需要考虑以下因素： - 服务提供商的信誉和安全记录 - 数据隐私保护政策 - 数据传输和存储的地理位置 - 协议和合同条款阅读理解二问题 2：根据文中的信息，请回答以下问题：（a）为什么企业需要进行风险评估？（b）企业进行风险评估的步骤是什么？（c）列举三个企业在风险评估中可能面临的挑战。
答案：（a）企业需要进行风险评估是因为它可以帮助企业识别和评估潜在风险，从而采取相应的措施进行风险管理和风险控制。
（b）企业进行风险评估的步骤包括： - 确定潜在风险和其可能导致的影响 - 评估风险的概率和严重程度 - 制定风险管理计划和控制措施 - 监测和追踪风险的发展和影响（c）企业在风险评估中可能面临以下挑战： - 获取准确和完整的信息 - 评估风险的不确定性和主观性 - 管理多个风险因素 - 制定可行的风险管理策略第二部分：答案解析阅读理解一问题 1：（a）公司使用云计算可以带来哪些好处？答案解析：公司使用云计算可以带来以下好处： - 提高效率和灵活性：云计算可以提供快速且灵活的计算和存储资源，企业可以根据需求随时调整资源的规模，并且可以减少时间和成本。
- 节约成本：云计算可以代替企业自己建设和维护服务器和硬件设备，从而节约成本。
- 随时随地访问数据：云计算可以让企业员工随时随地通过互联网访问和共享数据，提高工作效率和协作能力。
（b）解决云计算安全问题的方法是什么？答案解析：解决云计算安全问题的方法包括以下几点： - 加强网络和数据安全：企业可以采取防火墙、入侵检测和数据加密等措施加强网络和数据的安全性。
college商务英语阅读试题及答案
college商务英语阅读试题及答案College商务英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列商务英语文章，然后回答后面的问题。
文章文章正文：In recent years, globalization has become a significantfactor in the growth of businesses worldwide. It refers to the process of international integration arising from the interchange of goods, services, and capital. Companies are increasingly looking to expand their operations beyond their national borders to tap into new markets and resources.One of the main advantages of globalization is the access to new markets. Businesses can sell their products and services to a larger customer base, which can lead to increased revenue and profits. Additionally, globalization allows companies to source raw materials and labor from various countries, which can reduce production costs.However, globalization also presents challenges. Companies must navigate complex international regulations and cultural differences, which can be difficult and costly. Moreover, the competition in the global market is fierce, and businesses need to be innovative to stay ahead.问题1：What does globalization mean in the context of business?A. The process of international integration through the exchange of goods, services, and capital.B. The process of international regulation.C. The process of reducing production costs.D. The process of fierce competition in the global market.答案1：A问题2：What are the benefits of globalization for businesses according to the passage?A. Access to new markets and reduced production costs.B. Navigating international regulations and cultural differences.C. Facing fierce competition in the global market.D. Staying ahead through innovation.答案2：A问题3：What challenges does globalization pose to businesses?A. Accessing new markets.B. Reducing production costs.C. Navigating complex international regulations and cultural differences.D. Selling products and services to a larger customer base.答案3：C问题4：What is the main focus of businesses in the globalmarket as mentioned in the passage?A. Access to new markets.B. Reducing production costs.C. Innovation.D. Both A and B.答案4：C二、完形填空（共10分，每题2分）阅读下面的商务英语短文，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
商务英语(BEC)高级阅读真题及答案
PART ONEQuestions 1 - 8· Look at the sentences below and at five passages taken from a book about famous management thinkers on the opposite page.· Which passage does each sentence refer to?· For each sentence 1 - 8, mark one letter A1 B, C, D or E on your Answer Sheet.· You will need to use some of these letters more than once.Example:He has developed his own company to promote his work.0 A B C D E1 Others in his field think very highly of him.2 His ideas have spread beyond the business world.3 He felt that people should be able to enjoy their work.4 His ideas are more complex than they seem.5 He did a variety of interesting things before writing his books.6 His most successful book was written with a colleague.7 He is particularly skilled at forecasting important developments.8 Contact with the military was an early influence on his thinking.A John AdairAdair is the pioneering British thinker in the theory of leadership. He was the first person in the UK to hold a professorship in Business Leadership and has published a series of influential books on the subject.Despite his quiet appearance, Adair has had a colourful life, serving in a Bedouin regiment and working on an Arctic fishing boat! His initial interest in leadership came from his army experience and he used to lecture at the highly prestigious academy where British army offices are trained. He now works as an international consultant.B Edward de BonoDe Bono is unusual among major gurus for two reasons: firstly, he was born not in one of the great industrial nations but on the tiny island of Malta. Secondly, his ideas have reached a wider audience than just managers, so that his books have become essential rending in many different disciplines.Most of de Bono s work has been concerned with the way human beings can train themselves to think more creatively. This apparently simple idea has resulted in37 books and a highly successful career as a lecturer and consultant.C Peter DruckerProbably no other single thinker has done as much as Drucker to establish management as a serious area of study. Certainly, his fellow management thinkers consider him one of the founding fathers of the discipline, and his books and articles are quoted more than those of any other management writer.His first book was published as far back as 1939, yet he is still writing and teaching. His greatest distinction has been his ability to predict coming trendsin business and economics. As a result, his ideas are treated with the greatest respect and interest.D Frederick HerzbergAlthough relatively few contemporary management students will have read his books, Herzberg s name is instantly recognisable to anyone who has studied industrial organisations. This is because the American psychologist was responsible for introducing the concept of motivation into management thinking.As a young man, Herzberg became deeply interested in mental illness and the human need for mental and emotional satisfaction. This led him to criticise the approach of many companies to job design, and to argue for the need for job enrichment to stimulate employees efforts.E Tom PetersThe American s reputation was created in the I 980s by the spectacular success of one book, In Search of Excellence, co-written with Robert Waterman. The two were working together as management consultants and no-one expected their first (and only) book to end up selling 5 million copies worldwide!Although his ideas have been criticised, Peters popularity as a speaker and writer has continued to grow. So much so that Peters has created his own business to market books, videos and consultancy based on his work.PART TWOQuestions 9 - 14· Read this t ext from an article about health clubs.· Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill in each of the gaps.· For each gap 9 - 14, mark one letter A - H on your Answer Sheet.· Do not use any letter more than once.· There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).Travel stress brings boom to health clubsA rapid growth in business travel has provided a lucrative spin-off for British health clubs as companies try to prevent hard-working executives from suffering travel-related stress.Health clubs are fully booked throughout the coming months all around the country and many are planning to expand their facilities.0 H According to Gillie Turner, group marketing manager for the Champneys group of health clubs, during the last recession executives lost many of their extra benefits as companies cut back. . 9 She says that large companies also seem to have decided that it is no good sending someone to a country like Spain as a reward for doing a good job, because they will simply eat too much and flop onto a beach. . 10Champneys, the company acknowledged as the market leader in this field, is now planning to introduce a special "Profiting from Stress" course, which will run over three days. . 11 Jonathon Stapleton, general managerof Champneys, says that modern corporate life being what it is, most business travellers find that they are having to do the work which - even a year ago - was done by two. 12To meet this new demand, other health clubs are also thinking of introducing similar schemes. Clare Brandish, the sales and marketing director of another health club, has noticed a marked change in the clientele at her club. . 13Businesses of all kinds are anxious to reduce absenteeism. . 14 Much of the problem is caused by long periods away from home, irregular hours, business entertaining and jet lag.According to the Guild of Business Travel Agents, sales of business-class airline tickets have risen by 12% in the past year, hotel bookings have gone up by 36% and car hire has risen by 24%. Dave Reynolds, the GBTA chief executive, says that the trouble is that the same number of people are being asked to travel more often. He comments that it is nowonder they need to take a break in a health club.A It has been calculated that about 40 million working days are lost each year in Britain because of stress, ten times as many as are lost 10 industrial disputes.B This has involved a considerable rise in the number of business bookings, whereas previously most clients came as private individuals.C Now they are being restored, as industry realises that the health of its executives is vital.D But who will benefit most from these developments?E Because of the pressures this imposes, many companies have now decided that it is worthwhile paying for their senior executives to take a proper break and get advice on how to combat stress.F Executives taking part in it will be given massages and health treatments, workouts and a range of talks on how to deal with stress, especially when travelling.G So what s the reason for this now trend?PART THREEQuestions 15 - 20· Read the following article on recruiting and managing staff and the questions on the opposite page.· Each question has four suggested an swers or ways of finishing the sentence, A, B, C and D.· Mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet, for the answer you choose.As a manager in the service industry sector, I've looked at hundredsof CVs in my time. They are not necessarily the bland documents some bosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals personalities and suitability for the job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant s employment record. I check for continuity and stability. If somebody has a long list of previous jobs, all of varying length, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route from job to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What does their career path look like - is it all steps forward, or are there a lot of sideways moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible and reliable.I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of our own application forms. We ask why they've applied, what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies and any clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into their personality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to test how much people have actually been progressing in their careers, because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.It s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business. Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintain and improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through low staff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That s why, when you've taken staff on, the next thing is getting the best out of them.My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turn into a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you d like to be treated yourself. As soon as I took over the business, I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure their particular skills benefited the company.I didn't have much experience then of managing people, but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I think the staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn't agree with them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also need to create team spirit, and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them all know what I needed from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly, and were thekey to turning the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor quality deliveries were over.Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team to make a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfaction is important, but it doesn't pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a common goal that they work towards together.15 What fact does the writer hope to learn from applicants CVs?A that they have experience of many different jobsB that their careers have developed steadilyC the opinion their employers had of themD whether they are married or single16 The writer says the application form is useful because itA reveals something of the applicant s character.B gives information about the applicant s family.C explains what skills the applicant has for the job.D shows how much the applicant wants to earn.17 According to the writer, why are CVs and application forms so important?A Interviewing people is an expensive process.B They indicate whether applicants really want the job.C They indicate whether applicants are efficient or not.D Employing the wrong people can be disastrous.18 One reason why the writer was successful in her first business was thatA she was used to dealing with people.B she was open with the staff.C the business was already doing well when she started.D the staff agreed with all her decisions.19 The writer believes profit-sharing is a good idea becauseA it encourages a competitive spirit.B everyone earns the same salary.C everyone shares the same aim.D it creates job satisfaction.20 Which would make the best title for this text?A Profit-sharing as motivationB How I turned a business roundC People - the key to business successD The importance of a well-presented CVPART FOURQuestions 21 - 30· Read the article below about a method of learning languages for business people.· Choose the best word from the opposite page to fill each gap.· For each question 21 - 30 mark one letter A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.· There is an example at the beginning (0).Language learning for the busy executiveIf you've ever been told by your boss to improve your knowledge of a foreign language you'll know that ……(0)…… doesn't come quickly. It generally takes years to learn another language well andconstant ……(21)…… to maintain the high standards required for frequent business use. Whether you study in a class, with audiocassettes, computers or on your ……(22)…… sooner or ……(23)…… every language course finishes and you must decide what to do next if you need a foreign language for your career.Business Audio Magazines is a new product designed to help you continue language study in a way that fits easily into your busy schedule. Each audiocassette ……(24)…… of an hour-long programme packed with business news, features and interviews in the language of your choice. These cassettes won t teach you how to order meals or ask for directions. It is ……(25)…… that you can do that already. Instead, by giving you an opportunity to hear the language as it s really spoken, they help you to ……(26)…… your vocabulary and improve your ability to use real language relating to, for example, that all-important marketing trip.The great advantage of using audio magazines is that they ……(27)…… you to perfect your language skills in ways that suit your lifestyle. For example, you can select a topic and listen in your car or hotel when away on busines s. No other business course is as ……(28)…… And the unique radio-magazine format is as instructive as it is entertaining. In addition to the audiocassette, this package includes a transcript with a business glossary and a study ……(29)…… The components are s tructured so that intermediate and advanced students may use them separately or together ……(30)…… on their ability.Example: A B C D20 A gain B result C success D outcome21 A exercise B performance C practice D operation22 A self B individual C personal D own23 A after B then C later D quicker24 A consists B includes C contains D involves25 A insisted B acquired C asserted D assumed26 A prolong B extend C spread D lift27 A allow B let C support D offer28 A adjustable B flexible C convertible D variable29 A addition B supplement C extra D manuscript30 A according B depending C relating D basingQuestions 31 - 40· Read the article below about meetings.· For each question 31 - 40 write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.How to make more of meetingsYou should know what ends you want to achieve in a meeting before it starts and prepare for it (0)……reading any papers circulated beforehand, and carefully thinking about (31)…… you want to s ay. This may sound rather boring, but solid preparation is the key to successful meetings: A great (32)……of time and energy can be wasted through simple lack of planning.The most important issues are not always given the most time in the general runnin g of meetings. People are often unwilling (33)…… discuss important budgetary matters because they do not fully understand them, but (34)…… becomes an expert when it comes to discussing the colour of the new curtains, or what type of coffee to buy The discu ssion of (35)…… trivial matters as these, therefore, should be saved until the end of the meeting.During the meeting it is essential to stick to the agenda so (36)……to avoid the common problem of repetition. At the same time you (37)…… to be sensitive to other people s ideas and feelings, and never lose your temper. Be prepared to accept (38)…… implement a suggestion that is contrary to (39)…… own ideas if it is an improvement on them; such honesty and flexibility are signs of good leadership and earn respect.Finally, remember that when a decision is made it is important to act (40)…… it and to honour all the commitments you have made in the meeting.PART SIXQuestions 41 - 50· In most lines of the following text, there is one unnecessary word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text.· For each numbered line 41 - 50, find the unnecessary word and then write the word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. Some lines are correct. If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. The exercise begins with two examples (0) and (00).Customer care0 Apart from ensuring that an efficient electricity supply for our00 customers, NatElectric provides an invaluable service in other areas41 as well. While our Customer Helpline (charged at local rates) is the42 first point of contact with when you want to make an enquiry and43 we receive a huge number of calls from customers - on44 average, there are 50 000 calls a one week. Available 24 hours45 a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, our Helpline on advisors46 aim at to answer 95 per cent of all calls within 15 seconds. There47 are more than 200 advisors, working in around the clock to48 provide for this service, backed by a further 80 support staff49 who do handle any necessary paperwork. Although our target50 is to reply to letters within 10 working days, NatElectric regularly responds withinthree to four days, and we are especially proud of the standards achieved by ourcustomer relations team.BEC Higher AnswersReading1C 2B 3D 4B 5A 6E 7C 8A 9D 10B 11G 12F 13C 14A 15B 16A 17D 18B 19C 20C 21C 22D 23C 24A 25D 26B 27A 28B 29B 30B 31what 32deal 33to 34everyone 35such 36as 37ought 38and 39your 40upon 41while 42with 43correct 44one 45 on 46at 47in 48for 49do 50correctListening。
商务英语阅读试卷
商务英语阅读试卷一、阅读理解Reading comprehension（每题2分，共20分）A、In many ways, today’s business environment has changed qualitatively since the late 1980s. The end of the Cold War radically altered the very nature of the world’s politics and economics. In just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition, widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. We have experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both Wall Street and Main Street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of economic disorder half a world away.At the same time, we have fully entered the Information Age, Starting breakthroughs in information technology have irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it’s almost impossible to imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With stunning speed, the Internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business, and communicate.As a consequence, we have truly entered the Post-Industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, place an unprecedented premium on “knowledge workers,” a new class of wealthy, educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller’s market.Beyond the realm of information technology, the accelerated pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a Pervasive( 广泛的) demand for continuous innovation. New product, process ,and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies-----innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.Another major trend has been the fragmentation of consumer and business markets. There’s a growing appreciation that superficially similar groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier, faster ,and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover, the trend feeds on itself, a business’s ability to serve sub-markets fuels customers’ appetites for more and more specialized offerings.1. According to the first paragraph, the chances in the business environment in the past decades can be attributed to __________.A) technological advances B) worldwide economic disorderC) the fierce competition in industry D) the globalization of economy2. what idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph ?A) The rapid development of information technology has taken businessmen by surpriseB) Information technology has removed the restrictions of time and space in business transactionsC) The Internet, intranets, e-mail, and portable computers have penetrated every corner of the world.D) The way we do business today has brought about startling breakthroughs in information technology.3. If a business wants to thrive in the Post-Industrial economy__________A) it has to invest more capital in the training of free agents to operate in a seller’s marketB) it should try its best to satisfy the increasing demands of mobile knowledgeable peopleC) it should not overlook the importance of information, services, support, and distributionD) it has to provide each of its employees with the latest information about the changing market4. In the author’s view, destructive technologies are innovations which _________A) can eliminate an entire business segment B) demand a radical change in providing servicesC) may destroy the potential of a company to make any profitD) call for continuous improvement in ways of doing business5. With the fragmentation of consumer and business markets ______________A) an increasing number of companies have disintegratedB) manufacturers must focus on one special product to remain competitive in the marketC) it is physically impossible and prohibitively expensive to do business in the old wayD) businesses have to meet individual customers’ speci fic needs in order to succeed .B、You’re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top ＄2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can’s afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call,“If our neighbors can buy drugs at reasonable prices, why can’t we?” Even to whisper that thought provokes anger.“Un-American!”And-the propagandists’trump card (王牌)—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Super-size drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up an d pay mon sense tells you that’s a false alternative. The reward for finding. Say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one’s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry’s profit margins would drop a nd the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can’t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today’s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies(药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we’ll find, But I haven’t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying cross-border.Most users of prescription drugs don’s worry about costs a lot. They’re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who’ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.6. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A) A quarter of Americans can’t afford their presc ription drugs.B) Many Americans can’t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C) Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D) The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.7. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaring drug prices by _____.A) encouraging people to buy prescription drugs online B) extending medical insurance to all its citizensC) importing low-price prescription drugs from Canada D) exercising price control on brand-name drugs8. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A) Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C) Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D) High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.9. What should be the priority of America’s health-care system according to the author?A) To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system. B) To maintain America’s lead in the drug industry.C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits. D) To quicken the pace of new drug development.10. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A) Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes. B) Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.二、快速阅读Skimming and scanning（每题2分，共10分）One of the major producers of athletic footwear, with 2002 sales of over $10 billion, is a company called Nike, with corporate headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon. Forbes magazine identified Nike’s president, Philip Kni ght, as the 53rd-richest man in the world in 2004. But Nike has not always been a large multimillion-dollar organization. In fact, Knight started the company by selling shoes from the back of his car at track meets.In the late 1950s Philip Knight was a middle-distance runner on the University of Oregon track team, coached by Bill Bowerman.One of the top track coaches in the U.S.,Bowerman was also known for experimenting with the design of running shoes in an attempt to make them lighter and more shock-absorbent. After attending Oregon, Knight moved on to do graduate work at Stanford University; his MBA thesis was on marketing athletic shoes. Once he received his degree, Knight traveled to Japan to contact the Onitsuka Tiger Company, a manufacturer of athl etic shoes. Knight convinced the company’s officials of the potential for its product in the U.S. In 1963 he received his first shipment of Tiger shoes, 200 pairs in total.In 1964, Knight and Bowerman contributed $500 each to from Blue Ribbon Sports, the predecessor of Nike. In the first few years, Knight distributed shoes out of his car at local track meets. The first employees hired by Knight were former college athletes. The company did not have the money to hire “experts”, and there was no established athletic footwear industry in North America from which to recruit those knowledgeable in the field. In its early years the organization operated in an unconventional manner that characterized its innovative and entrepreneurial approach to the industry. Communication was informal; people discussed ideas and issues in the hallways, on a run, or over a beer. There was little task differentiation. There were no job descriptions, rigid reporting systems, or detailed rules and regulations. The team spirit and shared values of the athletes on Bowerman’s teams carried over and provided the basis for the collegial style of management that characterized the early years of Nikes.1. While serving as a track coach, Bowerman tried to design running shoes that were .2. During his visit to Japan, Knight convinced the officials of the Onitsuka Tiger Company that its product would have .3. Blue Ribbon Sports was unable to hire experts due to the absence of in North America.4. In the early years of Nike, communication within the company was usually carried out .5. What qualities of Bowerman’s teams formed the basis of Nike’s early management style? .三、名词解释Define the following terms（每题3分，共30分）1.SME2.Job rotation3.Curriculum Vitae4.FedEx5.Pay-for-performance (PFP)6.Stock marketparative costs 8.CIF 9.Transferable L/C 10.Game Theory四、回答问题Answer the following questions（共10分）Do You Really Need An MBA?Thinking of getting an MBA? You're in good company. Across the U.S., business schools turn out more than 100,000 MBAs a year. But is the investment of time and money (tuition ranges from $20,000 for two years at a lesser known institution to $100,000 at a highly ranked one) worth it?One of the most high profile -- and perhaps surprising -- critics of MBA programs is Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford's Graduate School of Business. Pfeffer and Stanford doctoral student Christina Fong conducted a controversial study, which concluded that with the exception of the most elite programs, there is little evidence having an MBA or earning high marks in business school correlate with career success.Other skeptics point to the many successful CEOs and entrepreneurs who never attended business school -- or even finished college, for that matter. Well-known college dropouts include: Michael Dell (Dell), Larry Ellison (Oracle), Sir Richard Branson (Virgin), Steve Jobs (Apple), and Microsoft's Bill Gates (OK, Harvard, but still a drop-out!). Still that doesn't prove that those who have MBAs aren't better off than they would be otherwise. True, people can succeed without an MBA, but many use it to go further than they otherwise could. Lynn Ronchetto, a graduate of Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management, says going back for her masters degree in management was the best decisions she's ever made. Ronchetto worked for five years at a financial services firmbefore deciding to pursue her degree while working full-time. Since graduating, her options have expanded greatly. Today she is an administrator at New York Presbyterian Hospital."There's no question that the network you develop and the credential you come away with opens doors ... employers assume that someone who managed to get into an elite school - and pay the tuition - is talented and motivated," Ronchetto says. "But the biggest advantages are the skills you learn and your ability to add value to the organization you work for in a number of capacities." "The global corporate community clearly wants the skills MBAs have to offer," says David Wilson, CEO and president of the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) in McClean, Virginia. "An MBA is recognized worldwide as a currency of intellectual capital, and its value will increase as the economy improves and businesses grow."According to GMAC's 2003 survey of business school graduates, 67 percent rate the overall value of their MBA as "excellent" or "outstanding," 22 percent rate it "good," 9 percent say it's "fair," while just 2 percent rate it "poor." In addition, the MBAs surveyed say they've found the most important benefits of the degree to be the opportunities to improve personally, gain a desired credential, and enhance their career options."While MBAs can no longer expect instant gratification in terms of salaries, perks and positions that are open to them, in the long-run, an MBA still offers a terrific rate of return," Wilson adds. There is no way to accurately measure what an MBA degree adds to a person's earning potential or the effects it has on his or her ability to advance into upper management. However, it is widely accepted that an MBA is a must-have for industries such as consulting and that in a competitive market it can give you a leg up."An MBA is great, but it's no substitute for real world experience," says Portland-based human resources expert Lori Kocon. "While it certainly won't hurt your chances for getting hired or for advancement, an MBA alone - even from Harvard - doesn't open doors the way it once did. "Whether an MBA would pay off for you depends on a lot of factors including the industry, company and job you are targeting, as well as how artfully you apply what you learn. It can definitely give you an edge, but you need to go into it with realistic expectations and realize that in the end, an MBA is worth what you make of it."1.What is Jeffrey Pfeffer’s opinion about MBA programs? Does he think having an MBA is close related to success?(3分)2.Can MBA substitute for work experience? Why? Find the answer first in the passage and then think it over on your own（4分）3.After reading the whole passage, what is your own attitude towards MBA? (3分)五、翻译Translate the following sentences into Chinese（每题5分，共30分）1、The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million.2、Many underestimate the cost of local staff. Chinese graduates often have an inflated view of their own, complain some foreign managers. Multinationals are also competing for talent with China’s domestic companies, which need to improve the quality of their people as their markets open to foreign rivals.3、Alternatively, advertisers can choose to use “spokescharacters”. Owens-Corning has used the Pink Panther for nearly 20 years to endorse its insulation products, and Metropolitan Life has used the Peanuts gang to promote its insurance policies. Another way advertisers protect themselves is by using deceased celebrities. Through the wonders of technology, television viewers see screen legends John Wayne pitching Coors beer and Fred Astaire dancing with a Dirt Devil vacuum cleaner.4、A fairly obvious cultural divide that has been much studied is the one between, on the one hand, the countries of North America and north-west Europe, where management is largely based on analysis, rationality, logic and systems, and, on the other, the Latin cultures of southern Europe and South America, where personal relations, intuition, emotion and sensitivity are of much greater importance.5、Game theory has been used by economists to study the interaction of oligopolies, on-management disputes; countries trade policies, international environmental agreements, reputations, and a host of other situations.6、Slowly but surely, consumers are leaving malls to shop on-line, often in their pajamas at 11 PM. And anyone who doubts the potential power of the e-commerce juggernaut hasn’t grasped the advantage for both consumers and businesses.。
商务英语-阅读试卷1A及标准答案.docx
光华管理学院2010-2011学年第一学期期末考试试题（A卷）课程名称：商务英语（阅读）任课教师：考试日期：考试时间：1.5小时学生类别：本科年级班号：考生姓名：考生学号：考试方式：闭卷试题：（注意：答案一律写在答题纸，否则不计分）Vocabulary (1x20 = 20)o general; taking everything into count1 a union or association formed for mutual benefitc to change from one form to another2 c to arrange systematically in classes or groupsc any of the parts of which sth. is made3 e producing a satisfactory result without wastingmoney or energy4 e expert knowledge or skill, especially in a particularfield5 f to tell in advance; to predict with the help ofinformation6i to combine sth. in such a way that it becomes fullya part of sth. else1()a to gain by one's own ability, efforts or behaviorm a worker skilled in using or repairing machines11mto shape something into a particular formo to manage or direct a business12pstage in a process of change or developmentp possible13r to keep or confine within limitswill not ensure sustained sales and might eventually strike back at long-term profitsA.have proved very effective in raising the dealers' profitsare expected to continue to dominate the auto market as a chief sales incentiveB.will diminish returns very soon10. Which of the following is an ingredient of the fiscal package that the Bush Administration is designing?A.increased spending on social welfarelowering the long-term interest ratesB.returning part of tax revenues to tax payersencouraging exportsDecide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(F ) 11. In November, GDP contracted for the first time since 1993.(T ) 12. Corporate profits had been seriously affected, which was going to have a negative influence over consumer confidence and their buying behavior.(F ) 13. Once the short-term interest rates reached zero, the Fed would reduce medium and long-term rates to ease the current recession.(T ) 14. The Democrats and the Republicans were having disputes at the moment about how the sum of $ 100 billion should be used.(F ) 15. The sum of $ 100 billion would have a great impact on help the economy to recover.Passage 3Good food?If you think you can make the planet better by clever shopping, think again. You might make it worse."You don't have to wait for government to move... the really fantastic thing about Fairtrade is that you can go shopping!" So said a representative of the Fairtrade movement in a British newspaper this year. Similarly Marion Nestle, a nutritionist at New York University, argues that "when you choose organics, you are voting fbr a planet with fewer pesticides, richer soil and cleaner water supplies.,,The idea that shopping is the new politics is certainly seductive. Never mind the ballot box: vote with your supermarket trolley instead. Elections occur relatively rarely, but you probably go shopping several times a month, providing yourself with lots of opportunities to express your opinions. If you are woiTied about the environment, you might buy organic food; if you want to help poor farmers, you can do your bit by buying Fairtrade products; or you can express a dislike of evil multinational companies and rampant globalization by buying only local produce. And the best bit is that shopping, unlike voting, is fun; so you can do good and enjoy yourself at the same time.Sadly, it's not that easy. There arc good reasons to doubt the claims made about three of the most popular varieties of "ethical" food: organic food, Fairtrade food and local food. People who want to make the world a better place cannot do so by shifting their shopping habits: transforming the planet requires duller disciplines, like politics.Buy organic, destroy the rainforestOrganic food, which is grown without man-made pesticides and fertilizers, is generally assumed to be more environmentally friendly than conventional intensive farming, which is heavily reliant on chemical inputs. But it all depends what you mean by "environmentally fricndly,,. Farming is inherently bad for the environment: since humans took it up around 11,000 years ago, the result has been deforestation on a massive scale. But following the "green rcvolution,, of the 1960s greater use of chemical fertilizer has tripled grain yields with very little increase in the area of land under cultivation. Organic methods, which rely on crop rotation, manure and compost in place of fertilizer, are far less intensive. So producing the world's current agricultural output organically would require several times as much land as is currently cultivated. There wouldn't be much room left for the rainforest.Fairtrade food is designed to raise poor farmers' incomes. It is sold at a higher price than ordinary food, with a subsidy passed back to the fanner. But prices of agricultural commodities are low because of ovei*production. By propping up the price, the Fairtrade system encourages farmers to produce more of these commodities rather than diversifying into other crops and so depresses prices - thus achieving, for most fanners, exactly the opposite of what the initiative is intended to do. And since only a small fraction of the mark-up on Fairtrade foods actually goes to the fanner - most goes to the retailer - the system gives rich consumers an inflated impression of their largesse and makes alleviating poverty seem too easy.Surely the case for local food, produced as close as possible to the consumer in order to minimize "fbod miles" and, by extension, carbon emissions, is clear? Surprisingly, it is not.A study of Britain's food system found that nearly half of food-vehicle miles (i.e., miles traveled by vehicles carrying food) were driven by cars going to and from the shops. Most people live closer to a supermarket than a farmer's market, so more local food could meanmore food-vehicle miles. Moving food around in big, carefully packed lorries, as supermarkets do, may in fact be the most efficient way to transport the stuff.What's more, once the energy used in production as well as transport is taken into account, local food may turn out to be even less green. Producing lamb in New Zealand and shipping it to Britain uses less energy than producing British lamb, because farming in New Zealand is less energy-intensive. And the local-food movement's aims, of course, contradict those of the Fairtrade movement, by discouraging rich-country consumers from buying poor-country produce. But since the local-food movement looks suspiciously like old-fashioned protectionism masquerading as concern for the environment, helping poor countries is presumably not the point.Appetite for changeThe aims of much of the ethical-food movement 一to protect the environment, to encourage development and to redress the distortions in global trade 一are admirable. The problems lie in the means, not the ends. No amount of Fairtrade coffee will eliminate poverty, and all the organic asparagus in the world will not savethe planet. Some of the stuff sold under an ethical label may even leave the world in a worse state and its poor farmers poorer than they otherwise would be.So what should the ethically minded consumer do? Things that are less fun than shopping, alas. Real change will require action by governments, in the form of a global carbon tax; reform of the world trade system; and the abolition of agricultural tariffs and subsidies, notably Europe's monstrous common agricultural policy, which coddles rich farmers and prices those in the poor world out of the European market. Proper free trade would be by far the best way to help poor farmers. Taxing carbon would price the cost of emissions into the price of goods, and retailers would then have an incentive to source locally if it saved energy. But these changes will come about only through difficult, international, political deals that the world's governments have so far failed to do.The best thing about the spread of the ethical-food movement is that it offers grounds for hope. It sends a signal that there is an enormous appetite for change and widespread frustration that governments arc not doing enough to preserve the environment, reform world trade or encourage development. Which suggests that, if politicians put these options on the political menu, people might support them. The idea of changing the world by voting with your trolley may be beguiling. But if consumers really want to make a difference, it is at the ballot box that they need to vote.Choose the best answer from A, B, C and D.1.In the author's opinion, the view of seeing shopping as a political event is.A.very helpfulnot practicalB.simply nonsensequite harmful2.According to the author, what may be the chief disadvantage of organic food?A.It cannot yield enough food.B.It is involved with some kind of political event.C.It is directly responsible for the global deforestation.D.It is not necessarily environment-friendly.3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?A.Most benefit from Fairtrade food goes to farmers.B.Fairtrade food encourages farmers to grow as many different produces as possible.C.Fairtrade food fails to fulfill its original design.D.Fairtrade food can effectively involve consumers to help reduce poverty.4.The author's attitude towards the issue of local food seems to be.A.approvingobjectiveB.indifferentironic5.It could be inferred from the text that.A.local food might increase, instead of decrease, carbon emissions.B.Fairtrade food can encourage people to be more generous.C.local food helps to save energy used in transportation.D.local food aims against the practice of trade protectionism.Please answer the following questions briefly.6.What are the aims of ethical-food movement? Please explain in the three aspects oforganic food, Fairtrade food and local food?7.What is the negative effect of organic food on agricultural development?8.Is Fairtrade food really fair? Please give your reasons.9.Why did the author accuse the local-food movement of being protectionism?10.Please explain the underlined sentence in paragraph 8, and list the means that aresuggested by the author?Questions & Answers What are the aims of ethical-food movement? Please explain in the three aspects of organic food, Fairtrade food and local food?organic food environmentally friendly / 0.5分Fairtrade food protect the environment / preserve the environment raise poor farmers' incomes /0.5分local food encourage development minimize food milesand carbon 0.5分emission /redress the distortions in global trade /reform the world tradeWhat is the negative effect of organic food on agricultural development?Organic methods are far less intensive （0.5 分）.So producing the world's current agricultural output organically would require much more land （0.5 分），leaving less room for the rainforest （0.5 4））.6.Is Fairtrade food really fair? Please give your reasons.encouraging farmers to produce more Fairtrade food will depress prices （0.5 分）. only a fraction of [he mark-up on Fairtrade foods actually goes to the farmers] 0.5 分）. It misleads consumers into thinking that all the premium they are paying is passed on to farmers （0.5 分）.7.Why did the author accuse the local-food movement ofbein^ protectionism?Claiming to protect the environment by minimizing food miles and carbon emission, local-food movement discourages （1.5 分）consumers from buying produce from other counties.8.Please explain the underlined sentence in paragraph 8, and list the means that aresuggested by the author?According to the author, the aims of the ethical-food movement are good, but the problems lies in the ways （0.5 分）in which those aims arc to be realized.So ethically minded consumers should vote （0.5 分）to express their opinions and urge govemmenls lakes actions （0.5 分）.光华管理学院2010-2011学年第一学期期末考试（A卷）参考答案课程名称：商务英语（阅读）任课教师：考试日期：考试时间：1.5小时考试方式：闭卷试题答案：I.Vocabulary (1 * 20 = 20 points)1-4 Overall alliance convert classify5-8 Component efficient expertise forecast9-12 Integrate acquire mechanic mold13-16 Operate phase potential restrict17-20 Scarce simultaneous stimulus strategyAnswering questions briefly: (4 * 5 = 20 points)1.Distribution refers to the process of moving products from the factory to themarketplace. For instance, furniture may be moved from the manufaclurer to furniture stores.2.According to the [heory of absolute advantage, a nation should specialize in theproduction and export of goods that it can produce with the highest efficiency and lowest cost compared with other nations. For instance, the US may specialize in PC manufacturing because of its absolute technological advantage and Mexico may concentrate on furniture making due to its low labor cost. That way, the total output may be increased.3.Promotion refers to the effort made ro inform or persuade the potcntinl customers inorder to achieve〔he sales af products uc services. To launch a new car, we may display it in a car exhibition, or advertise it on TV cr ncwspaDcrs, or give customers discounts.puter technology is the most important aspect of the late 20th century informationrevolution. Speed, high degree of accuracy, ability to manipulate and store large amounts of da〔a led to the early specialization of computers in data processing.Computer applications include word processing、networking, database, spreadsheets, expert syslem, etc.共20分，每题5分。
商务英语阅读考试题及答案
商务英语阅读考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分，每题10分）阅读下列商务英语短文，然后根据短文内容回答后面的问题。
短文一：In the rapidly evolving business world, effective communication is crucial for success. Companies are increasingly relying on cross-cultural communication to expand their global reach. The ability to understand and adapt to different cultural nuances is a key skill for international business professionals.1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. Why is effective communication important in the business world?3. What does the passage suggest about the role of cross-cultural communication in business?短文二：The rise of e-commerce has transformed the way businesses operate. Online platforms have made it possible for small businesses to compete with larger companies by reaching a wider customer base. Social media marketing and search engine optimization are two strategies that have become essentialfor businesses to increase their online visibility.1. What is the main topic discussed in this passage?2. How has e-commerce changed the business landscape?3. What are two strategies mentioned in the passage that are important for businesses to increase their online visibility?短文三：Sustainability is becoming a significant factor in business decisions. Companies are recognizing the importance of reducing their environmental footprint and adoptingsustainable practices. This includes the use of renewable energy, waste reduction, and responsible sourcing of materials. Consumers are also becoming more aware and are demanding products that align with their values.1. What is the main focus of the passage?2. Why are companies adopting sustainable practices?3. What are some of the sustainable practices mentioned inthe passage?二、词汇理解（共20分，每题5分）根据短文内容，选择最合适的词汇填空。
商务英语阅读试题A1
商务英语专业商务英语阅读试题APart I Multiple Choice (20 points)Complete the sentences by choosing from the words below each sentence.1. Technical skills performing specialized tasks within the organization.a. are associated withb. differ fromc. are similar to2. Corporate culture is the shared experiences, stories, beliefs, and norms .a. which creates a companyb. that characterize a companyc. whose company has got3. If a company is to get the most out of its workers, it must those workers.a. developb. selectc. promote4. In theory, a company‟s auditors are appointed independently by its shareholders, to whom they report. “Whom” represents .a. auditorsb. accountantsc. shareholders5. Over-capacity in the car business leads to a series of joint agreements and mergers between .a. car companiesb. joints venturesc. capacity level6. Ford intended to V olvos and hoped to use V olvo‟s technology to develop new cars.a. shareb. focusc. distribute7. The principles in the Organizational Chaos Model can also be used to the company‟s competition.a. introduceb. overcomec. understand8. As a senior student, you are supposed to know better than just until the examination time.a. fooled aroundb. to fool aroundc. having fooled around9. Transnational companies will in China.a. continue locatingb. continues to locatec. continue to locate10. E-business is about transforming business process and _______ them with Internet technologies.a. integratesb. integratingc. to integrate11. Other companies use Web technology to ______ business electronically at the wholesale or retail level.a. supportb. exchangec. transact12. The funds needed to operate an enterprise are refereed to as .a. labourb. capitalc. resources13. They also want to integrate these systems _______ the rest of their business process.a. withb. andc. for14. Accounting firms frequently _________ their audit clients.a. buy management skills fromb. sell consulting services toc. provide audit assignment for15. I went to buy a new tie to _______ this brown suit.a. go intob. go withc. go after16. The secretary entered with a pencil and paper, and _________ every word the manager said.a. made forb. took upc. took down17. The financing of international trade is more complex than that of domestic trade. …That‟ here means .a. financingb. international tradec. domestic trade18. The process of education, experience, more education, and then is called a cyclical process.a. less educationb. more experiencec. education and experience19.Hardly _______ the airport when he started for his destination.a. I had reachedb. had I reachedc. I reached20. The climbers tried to find a new ______ to the top of the mountain.a. approachb. routec. entrancePart II Match (20 points)Section AChoose the correct word or words from the box to complete the passage:Business people focused on the production of goods from 21 until the early twentieth century, and on 22 from the 1920s to the 1950s. Marketing received little attention up to that point. After 1950, however, business people recognized that their enterprises involved not only 23 but also the satisfaction of 24 . They began to implement 25 , a business philosophy that involves the entire business organization in the dual process of satisfying customer needs and achieving the organization‟s goals.Section BChoose the correct word or words from the box to complete the following sentences:26. society and accelerating socialist .27. Implementation of the begins and ends with the information about customers.28. Selling something at a reduced price is called giving a .29. Carrying out the business of such a huge company requires .30. Compensation programmes include wages and salaries, incentives, and ______ for workers.Part III Reading comprehension (40 points)Passage 1What makes money valuable? Why is a piece of paper marked $ 10 worth more than one marked $1? Yo u could say there is no reason. It‟s true that a special kind of paper is used to make dollar bills, and they are pretty, but that‟s not what makes them valuable. The real reason money is valuable is that everyone believes it is.Ancient economies had no paper money or coins. Some used barter---- trading one thing for another. Others used all kinds of objects as money. Any object would do, as long as there was not an unlimited amount of it. Animals or metals were popular, and so were manufactured products like jewelry or weapons. Wealth in ancient Greece was measured in tools or cattle. This kind of money had two purposes. First, it was useful in itself. Tools and cattle can be used for farming. And second, it was a way to symbolize and measure value. A house, for example, would be valued at a certain number of tools or cattle. This greatly simplified trade. Other societies used money that was totally symbolic. For instance, American Indians used wampum, which is made from seashells. And until recently on the pacific island of Yap, people use large stone discs as money.In most places these types of money died out because more practical forms of money were invented. People started using precious metals, such as gold and silver, that were easier to carry around than tools or stones. And in the eighteenth century, paper money was introduced. At first people were suspicious of new currency, but they came to accept it because the government or bank issuing it would exchange an equal amount of gold for the paper. A $ 10 bill really was worth $ 10 for gold. But now, people are used to the idea that the government doesn‟t have to back its money with gold. Everyone believes that a $ 10 bill is worth $10 and that is good enough. But if, for some reason, people ever lost faith in paper money, ten dollars wouldn‟t be worth the paper it‟s printed on.Questions 31-35 are based on passage 131. According to the writer the real reason money is valuable is that everyone believes .a. money is valuableb. gold is valuablec. money is gold32. The writer of this selection mentioned animals, metals and manufactured productslike jewelry or weapons because .a. they were valuableb. they were used as money in ancient timesc. people liked them33. Paper money was invented .a. to take the place of other types of moneyb. to be replaced by other types of moneyc. in the nineteenth century34. At first people did not have trust in paper money because .a. it was not worth muchb. the paper was not of good qualityc. it looked like an ordinary piece of paper35. People came to accept paper money when .a. the government began to issue itb. the bank began to issue itc. they could exchange it for the same amount of goldPassage 2Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesn‟t bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are abundant examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.Questions 36-40 are based on passage 236. In the passage, the author appeals to the public to support .a. private higher education in generalb. public higher education in generalc. high-quality private universities and colleges37. According to the passage, schools are bad businesses because of .a. the nature of schoolb. poor teachersc. bad management38. What does the phrase “go under” (Par a. 2, sentence 3) probably mean?a. have low tuitionb. get into difficultiesc. do a bad job educationally39. Which of the following statements is TRUE?a. There are many cases to indicate that private schools are superior to public schools.b. The author thinks diversity of education is preferable to uniformity of education.c. Each time tuition is raised, the enrollment goes up.40. In the author‟s opinion, the way that can save privat e schools lies in .a. full enrollmentb. raising tuitionc. national supportPassage 3A higher reading rate, with no loss of comprehension, will help you in other subjects as well as in English, and the general principles apply to any language. Naturally, you will not read every book at the same speed. You would expect to read a newspaper, for example, much more rapidly than a physics or economics textbook—but you can raise your average reading speed over the whole range of materials you wish to cover so that the percentage gained will be the same whatever kind of reading you are concerned with.The reading passages which follow are all of an average level of difficulty for your stage of instruction. They are all about five hundred words long. They are about topics of general interest which do not require a great deal of specialized knowledge. Thus they fall between the kind of reading you might find in your textbooks and the much less demanding kind you will find in a newspaper or light novel. If you read this kind of English, with understanding at, say, four hundred words per minute, you might skim through a newspaper at perhaps 650—700, while with a difficult textbook you might drop to two hundred or two hundred and fifty.Perhaps you would like to know what reading speeds are common among native English-speaking university students and how those speeds can be improved. Tests in Minnesota, U.S.A., for example, have shown that students without special training can read English of average difficulty, for example, Tolstoy‟s War and Peace in translation, at speeds of between 240 and 250 words per minute with about seventy percent comprehension. Students in Minnesota claim that after twelve half-hour lessons, thereading speed can be increased, with no loss of comprehension, to around five hundred words per minute.Questions 41-45 are based on passage 341. According to the passage, the purpose of effective reading with higher speed is most likely to help you ______.a. only in your reading of a physics textbook.b. improve your understanding of an economics textbook.c. not only in your language study but also in other subjects.42. Which of the following does not describe the types of reading materials mentioned in the second paragraph?a. Those beyond one‟s reading comprehension.b. Those concerning with common knowledge.c. Those without the demand for specialized knowledge.43. The average untrained native speaker at the University of Minnesota reads at ______.a. about three hundred words per minute.b. about two hundred and forty-five words per minute.c. about sixty words per minute.44. According to the passage, how fast can you expect to read after you have attended twelve half-hour lessons in the University of Minnesota?a. You can increase your reading speed by three times.b. No real increase in reading speed can be achieved.c. You can double your reading speed.45. Where do you think the passage is taken from?a. The introduction to a book on fast reading.b. A local newspaper for young people.c. A school newspaper run by students.Passage 4Cultural WarsFilms made in the United Stated have continued to sweep the globe. According to the list of 1998‟s most successful movies put together by Variety magazine, U.S. films took the top 39 places; Britain‟s The Full Monty came in at number 40. As a consequence, British movie‟s market share fell to 14 percent of the home market, while the respective figures for French films were 27 percent in France and 10 percent for German films in Germany. The European Union‟s trade deficit with the United States in films and television is annually between $ 5 and $ 6 billion.Several of Hollywood‟s most successful movies have drawn from international resources. There men and a Baby was a remake of French comedy. Total Recall was made partly by French money, was directed by a Dutch man and starred an Austrian. The English Patient was directed by a Briton, shot in Italy, and starred French and British talent. The quest for new ideas and fresh talent has lead studios to develop subsidiaries in Europe: Sony‟s bridge in London, Miramax in Berlin, and WarnerBrothers both in Berlin and Paris.Questions 46-50 are based on passage 446. American films have continued to the world.a. influenceb. winc. challenge47. British films share the 14 percent in its in 1998.a. home marketb. American marketc. European market48. German films have a ten percent share in .a. Franceb. Britishc. German49. Three Men and a Baby was a remake of French comedy. A “remake”means .a. a copyb. a reprintc. reproduction50. The English Patient was directed by a Briton, shot in Italy, and starred French and British talent. A Briton means .a. a Britishb. an Italianc. a GermanPart IV Translation (20 points)Translate the following passages into Chinese.Passage 1China‟s membership in the World Trade Organization creates the potential for impressive gains in economic efficiency. Indeed the gains are likely to be greater than those predicted in most published quantitative estimates, since those studies do not capture fully the likely effect of more foreign competition on domestic firms. No doubt many jobs will be lost in a few sectors. But prospects for generating employment are bountiful as China benefits from the phase-out of arrangements restricting world trade in apparel, and as Taiwan, Mexico, the EU, and other markets phase out and eliminate the WTO-inconsistent trade barriers they have maintained against a broad array of Chinese goods.Passage 2The major advertising media are newspaper, magazines, direct mail, outdoor advertising, television, and radio. Newspapers account for the greatest part of advertising expenditure, with television running a fairly close second. Magazine advertising is perhaps the most prestigious, and direct mail is certainly the most selective medium. Radio and magazine advertising can also be quite selective, and radio is relatively inexpensive.。
商务英语试题及答案
商务英语试题及答案一、阅读理解Passage 1Most cross-cultural business negotiations involve executives from different countries discussing business in English, even when it is not their mother tongue. The potential for misunderstanding and confusion is high. English as a second language is one thing; business as a second culture is quite another. Negotiating internationally calls for a special skill set and flexibility.Being fluent in a language is not sufficient to be an effective international negotiator. It is important to understand the business etiquette, cultural norms, and communication styles of the other party. In some cultures, direct eye contact is considered respectful, while in others it may be interpreted as aggressive or invasive. Similarly, gestures or body language that are considered positive in one culture may have negative connotations in another. Without a deep understanding of these cultural nuances, negotiations can easily break down.In addition to cultural awareness, successful negotiations require careful preparation. Thorough research on the other party's background, business practices, and negotiation style can give a negotiator a competitive edge. It is also crucial to understand the goals, interests, and priorities of both sides before entering into any negotiation. This allows for the development of mutually beneficial solutions that can strengthen business relationships and lead to successful outcomes.Overall, effective cross-cultural business negotiations require language proficiency, cultural sensitivity, and strategic preparation. By developing these competencies, executives can navigate the complexities of international business and achieve positive results.1. According to the passage, why is being fluent in a language alone not enough for successful international negotiations?A. Cultural norms and communication styles vary between countries.B. Business executives need to speak their mother tongue during negotiations.C. Language barriers can impede effective communication.D. Negotiations should be conducted in the negotiator's first language.2. What is a crucial aspect of cross-cultural negotiations?A. Being assertive and direct.B. Researching the other party's background.C. Avoiding eye contact to prevent misunderstandings.D. Communicating using gestures and body language.3. Which of the following is emphasized as a key factor for achieving successful outcomes in negotiations?A. Fluency in multiple languages.B. Competitive advantage through negotiation tactics.C. Understanding the goals and priorities of both sides.D. Developing a strong business network.Passage 2Dear Customer,Thank you for choosing our company for your office supply needs. We are constantly striving to improve our services and to offer you the best products available in the market. As part of our commitment to excellence, we would like to hear your feedback.Would you please take a few minutes to complete the following survey? Your honest opinions and suggestions are highly appreciated and will assist us in enhancing our products and services to better meet your needs.1. How satisfied are you with the quality of our products?□ Very Satisfied□ Satisfied□ Neutral□ Dissatisfied□ Very Dissatisfied2. Have you had any issues or concerns with our customer service?□ Yes□ NoIf you answered "Yes" to question 2, please provide details:_______________________________________________________3. How likely are you to recommend our company to others?□ Highly Likely□ Likely□ Not Sure□ Unlikely□ Highly Unlikely4. Do you have any suggestions on how we can improve our products or services?_______________________________________________________Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. We value your opinion and will carefully review your feedback to ensure that we continue to provide you with the best possible experience.Sincerely,[Company Name]二、口语交际请准备一个商务会议的自我介绍，包括以下内容：1. 所在公司及职位2. 对会议主题的看法和经验3. 个人能为会议做出的贡献参考答案：Good morning/afternoon everyone,My name is [Your Name] and I am currently working as a [Your Position] at [Your Company Name]. I would like to express my gratitude for having the opportunity to attend this important business conference.As an experienced professional in the industry, I have been actively involved in various projects related to the conference theme. Through these experiences, I have come to realize the critical role that [Conference Theme] plays in driving business growth and fostering innovation. I believe that this conference will provide us with a platform to exchange valuable insights and best practices, which can ultimately contribute to our individual and collective success.In terms of my personal contribution to this conference, I am confident that my expertise in [Specific Area of Expertise] can enrich the discussions and provide practical solutions to the challenges we may face. I am eager to actively participate in the group discussions, share my knowledge, and learn from the valuable experiences of fellow attendees. Together, I believe we can collectively enhance our knowledge and find innovative ways to overcome industry obstacles.Once again, I want to express my gratitude for being a part of this conference. I am looking forward to engaging in meaningful conversations and building valuable connections with all of you. Thank you.三、写作请以"Effective Communication in a Global Workplace"为题，写一篇关于跨国企业中有效沟通的重要性的文章。
商务英语阅读期末考试
《商务英语阅读》期末考试试卷任课教师朱维学生姓名一、改错（2’×10=20’）:A．在下面这段话中，有的句子中有多余的单词，有的句子完全正确。
找出句子中多余的．．．单词，并将它．．写在句子后面的括号中。
在正确的句子后面打√。
（2’×5=10’）The competition, which there is held every two years, is organized by the International （）Training Organization. All U.K. competitors qualify for the team by getting through （）a tough national competition. Their backgrounds are vary from arts to sciences, （）and students to the self-employed. Since they do not know which skill area they （）will be tested in, they must to train for everything before the start of the competition. （）B．在下面这段话中，每一．．．．．．写．．句．都有错用的单词，找出句子中错误的．．．单词，并将正确的单词在句子后面的括号中。
（2’×5=10’）Before you start a business, it is importance to undertake market research （）and to assess the results with great care: you need to finding out about your （）potential customers and the state of the market, included your competitors. （）The more detailed your market research are, the more profitable your business is （）likely to be. Carry out your study thorough, and repeat it to ensure your results are reliable.（）二、完形填空（1’×15=15’）Employment Opportunities for Graduates with the Provincial Bank. The Provincial Bank is one of the biggest financial institutions in the U.K. With its 1,900 branches and 58,000 employees, it has (1) a household name. Almost 4,000 of these employees (2) managerial or executive positions. The bank has an outstanding (3) of profitability, which has been achieved by introducing innovations at the same time as maintaining leadership of the (4). The bank's comprehensive training programme concentrates on (5) the most important skills that graduates need in order to (6) early management responsibility. Trainees take responsibility for their own continuous self-development through visiting other branches and departments, and by (7) courses in management skills. They also receive training in order to increase their knowledge of the bank's (8). The bank supports (9) of staff who wish to take professional examinations, and its Graduate Training Scheme is (10) to the nationally recognized Diploma in Management. Obviously the quality of its mangers is of (11) importance to the bank's performance. It welcomes good graduates in any subject area, (12) they can demonstrate the ability to influence events, and have the potential to (13) both as leaders and as part of a team. Most graduate trainees join the Retail Banking division initially. Those starting on this programme will soon have the (14) to work in other parts of the bank and can (15) a varied and flexible working life.（）1 A opened B entered C turned D become（）2 A hold B do C keep D own（）3 A career B catalogue C record D experience（）4 A area B trade C record D market（）5 A making B reaching C developing D heightening（）6 A present B treat C deal D handle（）7 A observing B attending C involving D staying（）8 A services B goods C creations D abilities（）9 A colleague B members C people D persons（）10 A qualified B combined C fastened D linked（）11 A main B vital C necessary D superior（）12 A therefore B thus C provided D only（）13 A succeed B realize C gain D overcome（）14 A choice B chance C likelihood D probability（）15 A forecast B believe C suppose D expect三、英译汉（14’）1、The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million.（2’）2、Fewer American workers will get pay rises in the next few months than at any time for the past 30 years. Instead, at one company in 20, wages have been declining, and at three-quarters pay is flat.（2’）3、In recent years, with the increase in globalization and diversity in the workplace, cross cultural management has become an important element of organizational life.（2’）4、The style of the ad is also important, because comparative ads, while acceptable and even common in the United States and Canada, are less commonly used in the United Kingdom, un acceptable in Japan, and illegal in India and Brazil.（4’）5、Even if one country can make everything more cheaply than every other it still gains from focusing on the goods in which its relative advantages is greatest——ie, in which it has a comparative advantage——and importing the rest.（4’）四、阅读（3’×17=51’）A．请根据A、B、C、D四个段落，找出1-7这7个句子所指的工作范围，在括号中用A、B、C、D注明，字母可重复使用。
(完整版)0商务英语阅读练习(答案)_共14页
Business English Reading Comprehension Passage OneThe relationship between the home and market economies had gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e. g. cloth-making, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon the more important second stage was evident --the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home such as in nursing the sick, became unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical(新古典主义的) model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.1. The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplace was that______.A.it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB.they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC.it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD.the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes2. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage ______.A.some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the homeeconomyB.the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the homeeconomyC.producing traditional foods at home became socially never produced by the homeeconomyD.whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy became irrelevant3. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the marketplace ______.A.as wage earnersB.both as manufacturers and consumersC.both as workers and purchasersD.as customers4.Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the newgoods and services because ______.A.the family was not efficient in productionB.it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC.it could not supply them by itselfD.the market for these goods and services was limited5. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage ______.A.The family could rely either on the home economy or the marketplace for the neededgoods and services.B.many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC.consumers relied more and more on the market economyD.the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplacePassage TwoAs is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complicated. Generally speaking, the Account Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, generally in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any distinctions in the way that job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.6. If a company wants its new pay structure to be successful, it is necessary to _______.A. give the workers extra pay to encourage themB. share the same opinion between the Trade Union and the employersC. consult some problems associated with payD. adopt a special way to evaluate the performance of its employees7. The methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because __________.A. they don't have a higher payB. the firm hasn't enough fundC. the measurement of their work is very difficultD. their work is less important than that of other workers8. What should a firm consider in designing a new pay system?A. The value of each job alone.B. The method of calculating the pay.C. The requirements of each job.D. The labor supply and the cost of living.9. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. only the Accounts Department is involved in the management of salariesB. different job performances should be given different paymentsC. an evaluation system based on points is usually used to measure management workD. evaluating management work makes no difference from other work10. The main purpose of this passage is to _______.A. explain how the performance of a job can be measured in pointsB. describe the responsibilities of various departmentsC. tell readers how a firm can succeed in adopting a new pay systemD. tell readers how difficult the management work isPassage ThreeSelling skills can be very useful to you in your personal life. For example, have you ever wanted to use someone else's car? You had to use selling skills to persuade the owner to let you use it. When you apply for a job, you should really be trying to persuade the employer that you will be good employee. If you run for an elected office in an organization, you are really trying to sell yourself to others. You are trying to convince people that you have good ideas and will provide the type of leadership needed by that organization. Selling involves persuading others to accept your ideas or your advice.Selling skills are also important in most jobs. Business managers want to hire people who are creative, who work well with others, and who contribute to the success of their business. In the world of business, selling is a very important function. Business owners use selling skills to gain acceptance from customers and employees about store policies and procedures. Successful salespeople use selling skills to assist customers in making wise buying decisions.What Is Selling?Selling involves the art of communicating effectively with people — simply explaining how a product or service will benefit the customer. Customers will not purchase a product or service until they are convinced that they will benefit from owning that product or service. The salesperson needs to explain, advise, and generally help the customer. In fact, his most important job is to assist the customer in making a wise buying decision. The word selling is defined as:1. assisting the customer, and2. helping the customer make a wise buying decision.Assisting the CustomerBusiness in America today is very competitive. In our free enterprise system, there are many businesses that sell similar products and services. For example, you can purchase a pair of jeans from a department store, a women’s or men's apparel shop, a specialty store, or a discount store. Because customers can purchase the same product or service from more than one business, it is important that businesses provide polite, friendly service to customers. If customers do not receive polite and capable help from salespeople at a business, they may decide to purchase from another business. Salespeople make sure they provide the help customers expect.Helping the Customer Make a Wise Buying DecisionThe most important responsibility of any salesperson is to help customers make wise buying decisions. Customers have made wise buying decisions when they receive benefits from the products or services they have purchased. These benefits are called buyer benefits. A buyer benefit is the gain or personal benefit customers receive from the products or services they purchase. The salesperson's job is to make sure his customers purchase the products or services which will most benefit them.The Importance of SellingSelling is important to our economy, to business, and to the American people. In order to understand its importance, you need to be familiar with some basic facts about each segment of the American economy.The economy of our country is divided into three phases: production, marketing, and consumption. Production refers to the physical creation of goods and services. Farming, mining, fishing, lumbering, and manufacturing make up the production phase of our economy. Thousands of goods and services are produced each year. These goods and services, however, do not sell themselves. After goods and services have been produced, they must be made available to consumers for purchase. Marketing is the process through which goods and services flow from the producer to the consumer. Wholesalers and retailers make up the marketing phase of our economy.Selling is the most important marketing function performed by retail and wholesale businesses. Wholesalers buy from producers and sell to retailers. Retailers buy from producers and wholesalers and sell to consumers. Consumers are the users of goods and services in our society. The process of using goods and services is called consumption.What contribution does selling make to our economy? The role of selling in our society is to identify and provide the goods and services that will satisfy the needs and wants of the consumer. Manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers all depend on customers to purchase products and services. When a business's sales decline, the company usually reduces the number of its employees. The jobs of the many people who produce and provide goods and services, therefore, depend on successful salespeople. When customers purchase products and services, they help create employment in manufacturing, wholesaling, and retailing. Full employment in our country creates additional purchasing power for our consumers. Selling, therefore, assists in maintaining the high standard of living enjoyed in our country.What contribution does selling make to a business? The role of business in society is toprovide the types of products and services which consumers need and want. It is the job of the salesperson, as the business's representative, to satisfy the customers' needs and wants. Salespeople, and the manner in which they treat customers, can really determine the success or failure of most businesses.What contribution does selling make to the American consumer? Salespeople are often the only contact a customer has with a business. Salespeople represent the business to the customer. They should offer sincere, honest, friendly, and courteous service to customers. The salesperson's job is to make sure the customer benefits from purchasing a product or service. Salespeople can save customers time and money by providing product information, showing how a product or service will benefit the customer, and making sure customers purchase the products and services which will best meet their needs and wants.11.The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.A. the importance of selling skills in managing a companyB. the importance of selling skills in job-huntingC. the importance of selling skills in one’s personal lifeD. the importance of selling skills in borrowing12.Selling is defined in this article as _______________________________A. helping the customer, and helping him make a wise buying decisionB. getting customers to buy goodsC. getting customers to buy servicesD. Both B and C13.Business in America today is very competitive, because ___________.A. there are too many kinds of goods in the marketB. there are not many demanding customersC. there are too many similar kinds of goods or servicesD. there are too many businesses14.The three phases of the American economy are ____________________.A. manufacture, wholesale and retailB. production, sale and after-sale serviceC. production, marketing and consumptionD. production, consumption and service15.Which of the following is NOT true?A. Salespeople represent a business to the customer.B. Salespeople must offer satisfactory service to customers.C. Salespeople should help customers buy the products that will best benefit customers.D. The success or failure of salespeople has little to do with the success or failure of a business in most cases.Passage FourThe so-called Americanization phenomenon seems to be a consequence of the recent globalization in our world. If we find American products worldwide, it is also increasinglycommon to find Asian products in the United States.Going to any country in Asia nowadays, we are going to see a lot of the American icons (图标)everywhere. A few years ago when I was in Ho-Chi-Min City, formerly known as Saigon, I was completely astonished at the number of billboards advertising products from multinational companies, many of them American. It is unforgettable for me—the vision of the spectacular Coca-Cola billboard on a Ho-Chi-Min Street.Living in the United Slates now, I am discovering many Asian products in America, from food to movies. In one day in San Francisco, or Seattle, or Houston, we can buy Sisheido cosmetics from Japan at the Galleria Mall, have sushi(寿司) and sashimi(生鱼片) in one of the many Japanese restaurants in the city, go to the cinema and enjoy the beautiful American-Chinese movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, and take home spring rolls from one of the many Chinese restaurants in town.I understand that a great many people would like to hold hack the globalization process in the world because they think they are losing their own culture, but it is very difficult to stop this process. We can only try to be critical and choose what is best for us to have or to buy.However, many people think that young people are not free to choose when they are constantly exposed to attractive advertisements that are specially made to capture the youth market. Peaceful protests could be arranged just to help people to think about the situation, but the tendency in our world is that we want globalization, but we don't want to lose our own culture.16. The Americanization phenomenon is more possible to be the result of ______.A. the influence of Americanization on the worldB. the influence of the West on the EastC. the globalization in the worldD. American products worldwide17. What was the author in the passage particularly impressed by?A. The wonderful American-Chinese movie.B. The delicious Japanese food in American cities.C. The high quality of Asian products.D. The fantastic advertisement for an American product.18.We can learn from the passage that one of the consequences of globalization that manypeople worry about is ______.A. the spread of culture from one country to anotherB. the destruction of cultural identitiesC. the prevalence of American cultureD. the resistance to globalization worldwide19. What attitude should we have towards the globalization process?A. Disapproving.B. Pessimistic.C. Critical.D. Indifferent.20. Young people today can't really choose what they should buy because they _______.A. are influenced by American cultureB. don't know what is suitable for themC. are critical about everything in the worldD. are faced with too many powerful advertisementsPassage FiveThe appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers' money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters (节食者. with the message that there were fewer calories (热量单位,大卡) in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer's real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.21. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by ________.A. stressing their high qualityB. convincing him of their low priceC. maintaining a balance between quality and priceD. appealing to his buying motives22. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.A. thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB. the loaf was cut into regular slicesC. the bread was not genuine breadD. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same23. The passage tells us that _________.A. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsB. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don't needC. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsD. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment24. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ________.A. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC. be familiar with various advertising strategiesD. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal25. The passage is mainly about _________.A. how to make a wise buying decisionB. ways to protect the interests of the consumerC. the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD. the function of advertisements in promoting salesPassage SixThe Supreme Court's recent decision allowing regional interstate banks has done away with one restriction in America's banking operation, although many others still remain. Although the ruling does not apply to very large money-center banks, it is a move in a liberalizing direction that could in the end push Congress into framing a sensible legal and regulatory system that allows banks to plan their future beyond the next court case.The restrictive laws that the courts are interpreting are mainly a legacy（遗赠物）of the bank failures of the 1930's. The current high rate of bank failure—higher than at any time since the Great Depression—has made legislators afraid to remove the restrictions. While their legislative timidity （胆怯）is understandable, it is also mistaken. One reason so many American banks are getting into trouble is precisely that the old restrictions make it hard for them to build a domestic base large and strong enough to support their activities in today's telecommunicating round-the-clock, around-the-world financial markets.In trying to escape from these restrictions, banks are taking enormous, and what should be unnecessary, risks. For instance, would a large bank be buying small, failed savings banks at inflated prices if federal law and states regulations permitted that bank to explain instead through the acquisition of financially healthy banks in the region? Of course not. The solution is clear. American banks will be sounder when they are not geographically limited.The house of Representative's banking committee has shown part of the way forward by recommending common-sensible, though limited, legislation for a five-year transition to nationwide banking. This would give regional banks time to group together to form counterweights to the big money-center banks. Without this breathing space the big money-center banks might soon extend across the country to develop. But any such legislation should be regarded as only a way station on the road towards a complete examination of American's suitable banking legislation.26. The restrictive banking laws of the 1930's are still on the book because _______.A. the bank failures of the 1930's were caused by restrictive courtsB. banking has not changed during the past 50 yearsC. legislators believe banking problems similar to those of the Depression still exist todayD. the banking system is too restrictive, but no alternatives have been suggested27. According to the author, the change to a nationwide banking system should be _______.A. postponed until the consequences can be evaluatedB. gradual so that regional banks have a chance to compete with larger banksC. immediate because we can't afford any more bank failuresD. much faster to overcome legislative fear28. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A. many restrictions in banking operation have been cancelledB. the ruling of removing the restriction can make the banks plan their future freelyC. the ruling of removing the restriction can't be applicable to all banksD. the old restrictions will be helpful to set up a powerful domestic base29. What is the author's attitude towards the current banking laws?A. Tolerant and disapproved.B. Concerned and dissatisfied.C. Understandable and indifferent.D. Supportive and admirable.30. The main idea of the passage is that _______.A. despite many bank failures, the nature of banking has not really changed so muchB. the current banking law must be useful to today's banksC. center banks currently have too much power as compared with the regional banksD. banks have been forced to take needless and dangerous risks due to the restrictions Passage SevenOver the past decade, American companies have tried hard to find ways to discourage senior managers from feathering their own nests at the expense of their shareholder. The three most popular reforms have been recruiting more outside directors in order to make boards more independent, linking bosses' pay to various performance measures, and giving bosses share options, so that they have the same long-term interests as their shareholders.These reforms have been widely adopted by America's larger companies, and surveys suggest that many more companies are thinking of following their lead. But have they done any good? Three papers presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management in Boston this week suggest not. As is usually the case with boardroom tinkering, the consequences have differed from those intended.Start with those independent boards. On the face of it, dismissing the boss's friends from the board and replacing them with outsiders looks a perfect way to make senior managers more accountable. But that is not the conclusion of a study by Professor James Westphal. Instead, he found that bosses with a boardroom full of outsiders spend much of their time building alliances, doing personal favors and generally pleasing the outsiders.All too often, these seductions succeed. Mr. Westphal found that, to a remarkable degree,"independent" boards pursue strategies that are likely to favor senior managers rather than shareholders. Such companies diversify their business, increase the pay of executives and weaken the link between pay and performance.To assess the impact of performance-related pay, Mr. Westphal asked the bosses of 103 companies with sales of over $ 1 billion what measurements were used to determine their pay. The measurements varied widely, ranging from sales to earnings per share. But the researcher's big discovery was that bosses attend to measures that affect their own incomes and ignore or play down other factors that affect a company's overall success.In short, bosses are quick to turn every imaginable system of corporate government to their advantage-which is probably why they are the people who are put in charge of things. Here is paradox for the management theorists: any boss who can not beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having not beat a system designed to keep him under control is probably not worth having.31. What is the purpose of the large companies in recruiting outsiders and putting them on the board of directors?A.To diversify the business of the corporation.B.To enhance the cooperation between the senior managers and the board directors.C.To protect the interests of the shareholders.D.To introduce effective reforms in business management.32. What does Professor James Westphal’s study suggest?A.With a boardroom full of outsiders, senior managers work more conscientiously.B.Outside board directors tend to be more independent.C.Boardroom reforms have failed to achieve the desired result.D.Cooperation between senior managers and board directors suffered from the reforms.33. The word “seduction” in the fourth paragraph probably means “____”A. efforts to conquerB. exertions to understandC. endeavors to increase profitsD. attempts to win over34. Which of the following statements is true?A. Corporate executives in general are worth the high pay they receive.B. The income of corporate executives is proportional to the growth of corporate profits.C. Corporate executives tend to take advantage of their position to enrich themselves.D. The performance of corporate executives affects their own interests more than those of the shareholders.35. How does the author feel about the efforts to control senior executives?A. approving.B. optimistic.C. positive.D. doubtfulPassage EightHenry Ford, the famous U.S. inventor and car manufacturer, once said, “The business of America is business.” By this he meant that the U.S. way of life is based on the values of the business world.。