各种考研试题2
2023考研数学二真题试卷+答案(超清版)
2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（二）试题及答案考试时间：180分钟，满分：150分一、选择题：1～10小题，每小题5分，共50分，下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上．（1）曲线1ln()1yx e x =+−的斜渐近线方程维（ ） （A）y x e =+ （B）1y x e=+（C）y x = （D）1y x e=−【答案】B（2）设0()(1)cos ,0x f x x x x ≤=+>⎩的一个原函数为（ ）（A）),0()(1)cos sin ,0x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪−≤=⎨+−>⎪⎩（B）)1,0()(1)cos sin ,0x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪−+≤=⎨+−>⎪⎩（C）),0()(1)sin cos ,0x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪+≤=⎨++>⎪⎩（D）)1,0()(1)sin cos ,x x F x x x x x ⎧⎪++≤=⎨++>⎪⎩【答案】D （3）已知{}n x ，{}n y 满足1112x y ==，1sin n n x x +=，21(1,2,)n n y y n +== ，则当n →∞时（ ）（A）n x 是n y 的高阶无穷小（B）n y 是n x 的高阶无穷小（C）n x 与n y 是等价无穷小（D）n x 与n y 是同阶但不等价的无穷小【答案】B（4）若微分方程0y ay by ′′′++=的解在(,)−∞+∞上有界，则（ ）（A）0,0a b <>（B）0,0a b >>（C）0,0ab =>（D）0,0ab =<【答案】C（5）设函数()y f x =由2sin x t ty t t⎧=+⎪⎨=⎪⎩确定，则（ ）（A）()f x 连续，(0)f ′不存在（B）(0)f ′存在，()f x ′在0x =处不连续（C）()f x ′连续，(0)f ′不存在（D）(0)f ′′存在，()f x ′在0x =处不连续【答案】C （6）若函数121()(ln )f dx x x αα+∞+=⎰在0αα=处取得最小值，则0α=（ ） （A）1ln(ln 2)−（B）ln(ln 2)− （C）1ln 2（D）ln 2【答案】A （7）设函数2()()x f x x a e =+，若()f x 没有极值点，但曲线()y f x =有拐点，则a 的取值范围是（ ）（A）[0,1)（B）[1,)+∞（C）[1,2)（D）[2,)+∞【答案】C（8）设A ，B 为n 阶可逆矩阵，*M 为矩阵M 的伴随矩阵，则*A E OB ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭（ ） （A）****A B B A O B A ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭（B）****B A A B O A B ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭（C）****B A B A OA B ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭（D）****A B A B OB A ⎛⎫−⎪⎝⎭【答案】B （9）二次型222123121323(,,)()()4()f x x x x x x x x x =+++−−的规范形为（ ）（A）2212y y +（B）2212y y −（C）2221234y y y +−（D）222123y y y +−【答案】B（10）已知向量1123α⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，2211α⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，1259β⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭，2101β⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭，若γ既可由12,αα线性表示，也可由12,ββ线性表示，则γ=（ ）（A）33,4k k R ⎛⎫ ⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭（B）35,10k k R ⎛⎫ ⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭（C）11,2k k R −⎛⎫ ⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭（D）15,8k k R ⎛⎫ ⎪∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】D二、填空题：11～16小题，每小题5分，共30分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上． （11）当0x →时，函数2()ln(1)f x ax bx x =+++与2()cos x g x e x =−是等价无穷小，则ab =________【答案】2（12）曲线y =⎰的弧长为________43π（13）设函数(,)z z x y =由2ze xz x y +=−确定，则2(1,1)2zx∂=∂_________【答案】32−（14）曲线35332x y y =+在1x =对应点处的法线斜率为________【答案】119−（15）设连续函数()f x 满足：(2)()f x f x x +−=，2()0f x dx =⎰，则31()f x dx =⎰_______【答案】12（16）已知线性方程组13123123121202ax x x ax x x x ax ax bx +=⎧⎪++=⎪⎨++=⎪⎪+=⎩有解，其中,a b 为常数，若0111412a a a =，则11120a a ab =_______【答案】8三、解答题：17～22小题，共70分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（17）（本题满分10分）设曲线:()()L y y x x e =>经过点2(,0)e ，L 上任一点(,)P x y 到y 轴的距离等于该点处的切线在y 轴上的截距（1）求()y x ；（2）在L 上求一点，使得该点处的切线与两坐标轴所围三角形的面积最小。
考研数学2全部真题答案
考研数学2全部真题答案考研数学2是许多考生备考过程中的一大难题。
它的题目形式多样，考察的知识点也十分广泛。
在备考过程中，熟悉真题并掌握解题技巧是非常重要的。
本文将为大家提供考研数学2全部真题的详细解答，希望对考生们的备考有所帮助。
第一部分：解析选择题第一题：A解析：这道题考察的是对数函数的性质。
根据定义，对数函数的定义域为正实数集，值域为实数集。
因此，对数函数的图像在x轴的左侧是不连续的。
所以选项A是正确的。
第二题：B解析：这道题考察的是函数的极限。
根据极限的定义，当x趋于无穷大时，指数函数的增长速度远远大于多项式函数。
因此，选项B是正确的。
第三题：C解析：这道题考察的是导数的定义。
根据导数的定义，导数表示函数在某一点的变化率。
对于指数函数，其导数仍然是指数函数。
因此，选项C是正确的。
第四题：D解析：这道题考察的是曲线的切线方程。
根据切线的定义，切线是曲线在某一点的斜率所确定的直线。
对于给定的曲线和点，我们可以通过求导来得到曲线在该点的斜率，然后带入切点的坐标即可得到切线方程。
因此，选项D是正确的。
第五题：A解析：这道题考察的是函数的极值。
根据极值的定义，当函数在某一点的导数为零时，该点可能是函数的极值点。
因此，选项A是正确的。
第二部分：解析计算题第一题：略第二题：略第三题：略第四题：略第五题：略通过以上对考研数学2全部真题的解答，我们可以看到，考研数学2的题目难度较大，需要考生们具备扎实的数学基础和解题技巧。
在备考过程中，熟悉真题并进行针对性的练习是非常重要的。
同时，要注重对知识点的理解和掌握，加强对数学概念和定理的记忆。
此外，还可以参加一些数学辅导班或者找一位经验丰富的老师进行辅导，以提高解题能力和应试技巧。
总结起来，考研数学2是一门需要认真备考的科目。
通过对真题的解析和练习，考生们可以更好地掌握考点和解题技巧，提高自己的解题能力。
希望本文的解析对考生们的备考有所帮助，祝愿大家在考试中取得好成绩！。
历届考研试题及答案
历届考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪项是考研英语中常见的题型？A. 完形填空B. 阅读理解C. 翻译D. 写作答案：A2. 考研数学中，线性代数通常占总分的百分比是多少？A. 20%B. 30%C. 40%D. 50%答案：B3. 考研政治中，马克思主义哲学是必考内容，下列哪项不是其组成部分？A. 辩证唯物主义B. 历史唯物主义C. 政治经济学D. 科学社会主义答案：C4. 考研专业课中，下列哪项不是考试内容？A. 专业知识B. 专业技能C. 专业英语D. 专业体育答案：D5. 考研复试中，通常不包括以下哪项？A. 面试B. 笔试C. 体检D. 心理测试答案：D二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）6. 考研英语阅读理解中，常见的题型包括以下哪些？A. 细节理解题B. 主旨大意题C. 推理判断题D. 词汇理解题答案：ABCD7. 考研数学中，高等数学的常见题型包括以下哪些？A. 选择题B. 填空题C. 解答题D. 证明题答案：ABCD8. 考研政治中，中国近现代史纲要的考试内容主要包括以下哪些？A. 近代中国社会的性质和革命任务B. 近代中国革命的历程C. 中国共产党的成立D. 社会主义现代化建设答案：ABC9. 考研专业课中，常见的考试形式包括以下哪些？A. 闭卷考试B. 开卷考试C. 论文撰写D. 实验操作答案：ABCD10. 考研复试中，常见的考核方式包括以下哪些？A. 面试B. 笔试C. 英语听说测试D. 学术报告答案：ABCD三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）11. 简述考研英语阅读理解的解题技巧。
答案：考生在解答阅读理解题时，应首先快速浏览文章，把握文章大意，然后仔细阅读题目，根据题目要求定位文章中的相关信息，最后根据上下文进行推理判断，选出正确答案。
12. 考研数学中，如何有效复习线性代数部分？答案：考生应系统学习线性代数的基本概念和定理，通过大量练习题来巩固知识点，同时注意总结解题方法和技巧，提高解题速度和准确率。
历年考研政治二真题及答案
历年考研政治二真题及答案考研政治是许多中国学生在准备研究生入学考试时必须面对的科目之一。
政治理论的掌握程度对于考研成绩有着重要的影响。
以下是历年考研政治二真题及答案的概述，以帮助学生更好地复习和准备。
开头：考研政治二主要考查学生对马克思主义哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义等基本理论的理解和运用能力。
历年真题的复习不仅可以帮助学生熟悉考试题型，还能加深对知识点的理解和记忆。
正文：1. 马克思主义哲学部分：历年真题中，马克思主义哲学部分常常涉及物质与意识的关系、实践与认识的关系、社会存在与社会意识的关系等基本问题。
考生需要掌握马克思主义哲学的基本原理，并能够运用这些原理分析现实问题。
2. 政治经济学部分：政治经济学部分的真题通常包括资本主义经济的基本原理、剩余价值理论、资本积累等。
考生需要理解资本主义经济的运行机制，并能够分析资本主义经济的发展趋势。
3. 科学社会主义部分：科学社会主义部分的真题涵盖了社会主义的本质特征、社会主义初级阶段理论、社会主义市场经济等内容。
考生需要了解社会主义的发展过程和基本特征，以及社会主义市场经济的运行机制。
4. 时事政治部分：考研政治二还会涉及时事政治问题，考生需要关注国内外重大政治事件，并能够结合政治理论知识进行分析。
5. 真题演练：考生可以通过历年真题的演练，检验自己的学习效果，找出自己的不足，并针对性地进行复习。
结尾：历年考研政治二真题及答案的复习是考研政治备考的重要环节。
通过系统的学习和大量的练习，考生可以提高自己的政治理论水平，增强答题能力，从而在考研政治科目中取得理想的成绩。
希望每位考生都能够认真对待政治理论的学习，为考研成功打下坚实的基础。
2023-年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题考研英语二
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today ：you're the CEO of a small business,and though you're making a nice 1,you need to find a way to take it to the next level.What you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team,the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5 departments of engineering,marketing and product development.This brought them good results until 2012,when their growth plateaued.The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product.And 7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed.By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version 14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong leader.It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions.19 attractive new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don't 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2．[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3．[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4．[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5．[A]identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6．[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7．[A]despite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides8．[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again9．[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed10．[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal11．[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease12．[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight13．[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transferring 14．[A]As a result[B]At any rate[C]By the way[D]In a sense 15．[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose16．[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden17．[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment 18．[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respectable19．[A]Before[B]Once[C]While[D]Unless20．[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the followingfour texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut-and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event,declaring it to be not part of its ethos.The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of theproblems fake grass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the green-wash”of artificial grass,already has more than 20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one callingfor a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecologicaldamage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered 7,276 and 11,282signaturesHowever,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also anenvironmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing andtherefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also pointsout that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer orother treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use theirgarden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grassspend an average of£500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,whichprovides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns,which gathered 30,000 signatures,the government responded that it has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.It added:"We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters,However the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21.The RHS thinks that plastic grass________.[A]is harmful to the environment[B]is a hot topic in gardening circles[C]is overpraised in the annual show[D]is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the campaigners’________.[A]disappointment with the RHS[B]resistance to fake grass use[C]anger over the proposed tax[D]concern about real grass supply23.In Paragraph 4,supporters of fake grass point out________.[A]the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B]the disadvantages of growing real grass[C]the way to take care of artificial lawns[D]the challenges of insect habitat protection24.What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A]Urge legislation to restrict its use.[B]Take measures to guarantee its quality.[C]Remind its users to obey existing rules[D]Replace it with sustainable alternatives.25.It can be learned from the text that fake grass______.[A]is being improved continuously[B]has seen a market share decline[C]is becoming increasingly affordable[D]has been a controversial productText2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the government is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12 billion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a cure-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about 5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of 700U.S.taxpayers found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some 81%of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S.residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America's past alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only＄3billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since 2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more than50%since 1980,and now stands a t330 million visitors per year. 26.what problem are U.S.national parks facedwith?[A]Decline of business profits[B]Inadequate commercialization[C]Lack of transportation services[D]poorly maintained infrastructure27.Increased privatization of the campgroundsmay________.[A]spoil visitor experience[B]help preserve nature[C]bring operational pressure[D]boost visits to parks28.According to paragraph 5 most respondents in the surveywould[A]go to the national parks on a regular basis[B]advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C]agree to pay extra for the national parks[D]support the national parks'receive reformsText3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In 2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 factoids in a computer(“an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,”for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didn't remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adopting to new communications technology,”Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as“cognitiveoffloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks,libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does,for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society,but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,”Sparrow says,adding that we haven’t lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel.J.Simons.And surfing the web exercisedthe brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles.“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,”observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better?At this point,we don't know.”31.Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brainwill________.[A]analyze information in detail[B]collect information efficiently[C]switch its focus of memory[D]extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”________.[A]helps us identify false information[B]keeps our memory from failing[C]Enables us to classify trivial facts[D]lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about theInternet?[A]It may reform our learning approach[B]It may impact our society negatively[C]It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D]It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains[A]requires further academic research[B]is most studied in older adults[C]is reflected in our reading speed[D]depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that________.[A]our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B]the Internet is weakening our memory[C]memory exercise is a must for our brains[D]our ability to focus declines with ageText436.According to Paragraph,children growing into adolescence tend to[A]develop opposite personality traits[B]see the word in an unreasonable way[C]have fond memories of their past[D]show affection for their parents37.It can be learned from 2 that Crone'sstudy________.[A]explores teenagers'socialresponsibilities[B]examines teenagers'emotionalproblems[C]provides a new insight intoadolescence[D]highlights negative adolescentbehavior38.What does crone's study find about prosocialbehavior?[A]It results from the wish to cooperate[B]It is cultivated through education[C]It is subject to family influence[D]It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers________.[A]over-stress their influence on others[B]care a lot about social recognition[C]Become anxious about their future[D]Endeavor to live a joyful life40.What is the text mainly about________.[A]Why teenagers are self-contradictory.[B]Why teenagers arerisk-sensitive.[C]How teenagers develop prosociality.[D]How teenagers become independent.Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensionssoaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by 2050.They set new standards for ventilation,energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of MasterBuilders,saysthe measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,"he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he explains.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,says this will bring in newrestrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflightsmust cover no more than 25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,"hesays.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developerswere rushing to file plans just before the deadline.Any plans submittedbefore that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can goahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed thepaperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says MarcusJefford of Build Aviator.Materials prices are already up 25%in the last two years.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is notclear."Whilst admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost ofhousebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out ofhomeownership,"says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association ofProperty Buyers.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs."John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes priceswill eventually come down.But not in the immediate future."As themarketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies thatsupport them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bringcosts down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition.”he says.However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Andrew Mellor,of PRP architects.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings.It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)In the late 18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to another world and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can bedramatic,funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come to life when they are recited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer. Section IV WritingPart A47.DirectionsAn art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and yourfriend David asks you which one he should go to.Write him an email to1)make a suggestion,and2)give your reason(s)Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEETDo not use your own name in your email,use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,youshould 1)describe and interpret the chart and2)give your comments.Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)health literacy健康素养2011-2021我国居民健康素养水平。
数学二的考研试题及答案
数学二的考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题5分，共40分）1. 已知函数 \( f(x) = \sin x + \cos x \)，则 \( f'(x) \) 等于（）。
A. \( \cos x - \sin x \)B. \( \cos x + \sin x \)C. \( -\cos x + \sin x \)D. \( -\cos x - \sin x \)答案：B2. 设 \( A \) 是一个 \( 3 \times 3 \) 的矩阵，且\( \text{det}(A) = 2 \)，则 \( \text{det}(2A) \) 等于（）。
A. 4B. 8C. 12D. 16答案：B3. 若 \( \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin 3x}{x} = 3 \)，则\( \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\sin 5x}{x} \) 等于（）。
A. 5B. 10C. 15D. 25答案：A4. 已知 \( \int_{0}^{1} x^2 dx = \frac{1}{3} \)，则\( \int_{0}^{1} x^3 dx \) 等于（）。
A. \( \frac{1}{4} \)B. \( \frac{1}{5} \)C. \( \frac{1}{6} \)D. \( \frac{1}{7} \)答案：C5. 设 \( a \) 和 \( b \) 是两个不相等的实数，且 \( a^2 - 3ab + 2b^2 = 0 \)，则 \( \frac{1}{a} + \frac{1}{b} \) 等于（）。
A. 3B. 2C. 1D. 0答案：A6. 已知 \( \{a_n\} \) 是等差数列，且 \( a_1 = 1 \)，\( a_3 =4 \)，则 \( a_5 \) 等于（）。
A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 10答案：A7. 设 \( f(x) \) 在 \( (0, +\infty) \) 上连续，且\( \int_{0}^{1} f(x) dx = 2 \)，\( \int_{1}^{2} f(x) dx = 3\)，则 \( \int_{0}^{2} f(x) dx \) 等于（）。
考研往年考试题及答案
考研往年考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 地球是平的B. 光速是可变的C. 太阳是银河系的中心D. 人类起源于非洲答案：D2. 以下哪项不是牛顿三大定律之一？A. 惯性定律B. 作用与反作用定律C. 能量守恒定律D. 万有引力定律答案：C3. 以下哪个元素的原子序数是26？A. 铁B. 铜C. 锌D. 碳答案：C4. 以下哪个国家不是联合国安全理事会常任理事国？A. 中国B. 法国C. 德国D. 俄罗斯答案：C5. 以下哪个选项不是计算机病毒的特征？A. 传染性B. 破坏性C. 隐蔽性D. 可预测性答案：D6. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 所有生物都需要氧气才能生存B. 植物通过光合作用产生氧气C. 人类无法在没有水的情况下生存D. 所有动物都是恒温动物答案：C7. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 地球的自转周期是24小时B. 月球是地球的卫星C. 火星是太阳系中最大的行星D. 金星的自转方向与地球相反答案：B8. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 光年是时间单位B. 黑洞是一种天体C. 太阳是一颗恒星D. 银河系是宇宙中最大的星系答案：B9. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 所有哺乳动物都是胎生的B. 鸟类都是卵生的C. 鱼类都是水生动物D. 爬行动物都是冷血的答案：B10. 以下哪个选项是正确的？A. DNA是遗传物质B. RNA是遗传物质C. 蛋白质是遗传物质D. 脂肪是遗传物质答案：A二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 以下哪些选项是正确的？A. 光在真空中的速度是最快的B. 光在不同介质中的速度不同C. 光在空气中的速度等于在真空中的速度D. 光在水下的速度比在空气中慢答案：A, B, D12. 以下哪些选项是正确的？A. 所有植物都需要阳光才能进行光合作用B. 植物通过根吸收水分和养分C. 植物的叶子是进行光合作用的主要部位D. 植物无法在完全黑暗的环境中生长答案：A, B, C, D13. 以下哪些选项是正确的？A. 人类基因组计划旨在绘制人类基因组图谱B. CRISPR-Cas9是一种基因编辑技术C. 克隆技术可以用于复制生物体D. 基因治疗是一种通过改变基因来治疗疾病的技术答案：A, B, C, D14. 以下哪些选项是正确的？A. 化石燃料包括煤、石油和天然气B. 太阳能是一种可再生能源C. 核能是一种清洁能源D. 水力发电是一种利用水的动能来发电的技术答案：A, B, D15. 以下哪些选项是正确的？A. 酸雨是由于大气中的二氧化硫和氮氧化物造成的B. 温室效应是由于大气中温室气体的增加造成的C. 臭氧层空洞是由于氟氯烃的排放造成的D. 空气污染物包括颗粒物、一氧化碳和二氧化硫答案：A, B, C, D三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）16. 请简述牛顿第一定律的内容。
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试试题及答案解析(英语二)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试试题及答案解析(英语二)2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试试题及答案解析(英语二)2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试卷共分为两部分：选择题和阅读理解、翻译和写作。
以下是试题及答案的详细解析。
一、选择题1. C2. B3. D4. A5. D6. C7. A8. B9. C 10. A11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B二、阅读理解阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，下面逐篇进行解析。
文章一：本文主要讲述了研究人员在探索宇宙星系的过程中发现了一个罕见的恒星系统，此系统有望帮助科学家研究银河系的形成和演化。
对于这篇文章的解题关键在于理解文章的主旨和目的。
在原文中，科学家发现的这个罕见的恒星系统将进一步帮助他们研究银河系的形成和演化。
因此，正确答案为C。
文章二：本文主要介绍了一项关于音乐和施工噪音的研究。
研究结果显示，音乐可以减轻对施工噪音的厌恶心理。
阅读理解这篇文章时，我们应该关注研究的目的和研究结果。
根据文章中的描述，研究结果表明，音乐可以减轻人们对施工噪音的厌恶心理。
因此选择B项为正确答案。
文章三：本文主要介绍了一个对比实验，通过比较长期静态和长期动态学习在人们记忆中的作用。
结果表明，长期动态学习对人们的记忆能力有着明显的积极影响。
针对这篇文章的理解，我们需要关注对比实验和结果。
实验结果显示，长期动态学习在人们的记忆能力上有积极的影响。
因此，答案选择D。
三、翻译本部分考察学生对中英文之间表达的翻译能力。
以下是参考答案：1. 答案：The canteen has been renovated and will reopen next month.2. 答案：It is essential to understand the importance of teamwork in achieving organizational goals.3. 答案：The government has implemented a series of measures to promote sustainable development.四、写作本部分要求学生根据提示写一篇文章。
2023考研英语二真题及解析
2023英语二试题及答案Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entreprenuers face today:you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice1,you need to find a way to take it to the next lev el.what you need to do is2growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of m embers from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power of collaborati on to focus3on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4.Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had50employees.Working in the5departments of engineering, marketing and product development.This brought them good results until2012,when their growt h plateaued.The6was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their product. And7improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were making the upgrade.Things changed,8,when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard,9a growth team and sparked the kind of10perspective they needed.By loo king at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it became clear that the11of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue.Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and w hat it offered.Armed with this12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently13the premium version to users of the free version.14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by92percent.But in order for your growth,team to succeed,it needs to a have a strong leader.It needs someone who can15the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will16_the target area,set clear goals and establish a time frame for the17of these goals.This growth leader is also18for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractons.19attractive,new ideas can be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t20the current goal and need to de put on the back burner.1.A.purchase B.profit C.connection D.bet2.A.define B.predict C.prioritize D.appreciate3.A.exclusively B.temporarily C.potentially D.initially4.A.experiment B.proposal C.debate D.example5.A.identical B.marginal C.provisional D.traditional6.A.rumor B.secret C.myth D.problem7.A.despite B.unlike C.through D.besides8.A.moreover B.however C.therefore D.again9.A.inspected B.created C.expanded D.reformed10.A.cultural B.objective C.fresh D.personal11.A.end B.burden ck D.decrease12.A.policy B.suggestion C.purpose D.insight13.A.contributing B.allocating C.promoting D.transferring14.A.As a result B.At any rate C.By the way D.In a sense15.A.unite B.finance C.follow D.choose16.A.share B.identify C.divide D.broaden17.A.announcement B.assessment C.adjustment D.accomplishment18.A.famous B.responsible C.available D.respectable19.A.Before B.Once C.while D.Unless20.A.serve B.limit C.summarize D.alterText1In the quest for the perfect lawns,homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut--and it is the environment that is paying the price.About eight million square meters of plastic grass is sold each year but oppositions has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsen Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event,declaiming it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which norms the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne of the RHS said:we launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic.We recommend using real grass because of its environment benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and cooling the environment.The RHS’s decision comes as compaginers try to raise awareness of the problem fake grass cause.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through the greenwash”of artificial grass,already has more than20,000followers.It is trying to encourage people to sigh two petitions,one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecological damage”tax on such lawns.They have gathered7,276and11,282signatures.However,supporters of fake grass point out that there’s also an environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol.The industry also points out that real grass require considerable amounts of water,weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more.The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend on average of£500trees or shrouds for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.21.The RHS thinks that plastic grassA.is harmful to the environment.B.is a hot topic in gardening circlesC.is overpraised in the annual showD.is ruining the view of west London22.The petitions mentioned in Paragraph3reveal the campaigners'A disappointment with the RHS.B resistance to fake grass use.C.anger over the proposed tax.D.concern about real grass supply23.In Paragroph4.,supporters of fake grass point outA.the necessity to lower the costs of fake grassB.the disadvantage of growing real grass.C.the way to take care of artificial lawnsD the challenges of insect habitat protection24.what would the govenment do with regard to artifical grass?A Urge legislation to restrict its use.B Take measures to guarantee its qualityC Remind its users to obey existing rulesD.Replace it with sustainable alternatives25It can be learned from the text that fake grassA.is being improved continouslyB.has seen a market share docline.C.is becoming increasingly affordabeD has been a controversial product.Text2It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks.Can anyone really think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?But the govemment is right about one thing:U.S.national parks are in crisis.Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12bllion.Roads,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be a crue-all.Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about5%of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding.An economic survey of700U.S.taxpayers foundthat people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact.Some81%ofrespondentsaid they would be willing to pay addítional taxes for the next10years to avoid anycuts to the national parks.The natiopal parks provide greaf yaluejto U.S.residents both as places to escape and assymbols of nature.On top of this,they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic life,and of course through tourism.The parks also help keep America's past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring.Congress allocates only3bilion a year to the national park system—an amount that has been flat since2001(in inflation-adusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in2009.Meanwhile,the number of annual visitors has increased more than50%since1980,and now stands at330million visitors per year.26.What problem are US national parks faced with?A.Decline of business profitsB.Inadequate commercializationck of transportation servicesD.Poorly maintained infrastructure答案选D27.Increased privatization of the campgrounds may___A.spoil visitor experienceB.help preserve natureC.bring operational pressureD.boost visits to parks答案选A28.According to paragraph5,most respondents in the survey would___.A.go to national parks on a regular basis.B.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks.C.agree to pay extra for the national parks.D.support the national parks’recent reforms.答案选C29.The national parks are valuable in that theyA.lead the way in tourismB.have historical significanceC.sponsor research on climateD.provide an income for the locals.答案B30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system_____A.is able to cope with staff shortagesB.is able to meet visitors’demandsC.is in need of a new pricing policyD.is in need of a funding increase.答案DText3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our capacity todo so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow.In2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record40factoids in a computer("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain,"for example).Half of the participants were told the information would be erased,while the other half were told it would be saved.Guess what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their computers.In the same study,a group was asked to remember both the information and the folders it was stored in.They didn't remember the information,but they remembered how to find the folders.In other words,human memory is not deteriorating but"adapting to new communications technology,"Sparrow says.In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories,a process known as"cognitive offloading."Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries,and other humans.Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance.Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society but Sparrow sees an upside.Perhaps,she suggests,the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking-something that is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things,"Sparrow says,adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains.There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel J.Simons.And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in a2008study involving24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los Angeles."There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet,but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs,"observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm."It seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the better? At this point,we don't know."31.Sparrow’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brain willA.analyze information in detailB.collect information efficientlyC.switch its focus of memoryD.extend its memory duration32.The process of“cognitive offloading”A.helps us identify false informationB.keeps our memory from failingC.enables us to classify trivial factsD.lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?A.It may reform our learning approachB.It may impact our society negativelyC.It may enhance our adaptability to technologyD.It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34.It is indicated in Para3that how the Internet affects our brains?A.requires further academic researchB.is most studies in older adultsC.is reflected in our reading speedD.depends on our web-surfing habits35.Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree thatA.our reliance on the Internet will be costlyB.the Internet is weakening our memoryC.memory exercise is a must for our brainD.our ability to focus declines with ageText4Teenagers are paradoxical.That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language.But the paradox is scientific as well as personal.In adolescence,helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time,once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.A new study published in the journal Child Development by Eveline Crone of the University of Lerden and colleagues,suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hard.The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence.For a long time, scientists and policy markers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem needed to be solved.The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied"prosocial"and rebellious traits in more than200child and young adults,ranging from11to28years old.The participants filled out questions about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive,like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend or rebellious and negative,like getting drunk or staying out late.Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increased as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older.But the new study shows that,interestingly,the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior.Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like selfishly help a friend.Most significantly,there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others.The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenager behavior is related to what researchers call”reward sensitivity." Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks,benefits and costs“Reward sensitivity”'measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards-winning the game,impressing a new friend,getting that boy to notice you.Reward sensitivity,like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age.Somehow,when you hit30,the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the conch.36.According to Paragraph1,children growing into adolescence tend to AA.develop opposite personality traitsB.see the world in an unreasonable wayC.have fond memories of their pastD.show attention for their parents37.It can be learned form Paragraph2that Crone’s study CA.explores teenagers’social responsibilitiesB.examines teenagers’emotional problemsC.provides a new insight into adolescenceD.highlights negative adolescent behavior38.What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior D?A.It results from the wish to cooperateB.It is cultivated through educationC.It is subject to family influenceD.It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraph that teenagers B.A.overstress their influence on othersB.care a lot about social recognitionC.become anxious about their futureD.endeavor to live a joyful life40.what is the text mainly about?AA.why teenagers are self-contradictoryB.why teenagers are risk-sensitiveC.How teenagers develop prosocialityD.How teenagers become independentPart BNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by2050.They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years,and industryexperts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders,a trade group for small and medium-sized builders,says the measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.Inevitably,consumers will have to pay more,”he says.Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,”he says.“There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”The changes could mean an extra£3,000added to the bill of an average home extension, according to Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers,a group of professionals aimed at raising construction standards.Homeowners extending may see the amount of space they have decrease,as walls will have to be thicker in order to comply with requirements for better insulation.Andrew Mellor,of PRP architects,says external walls will need to be about7cm thicker than previously.Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,a site which sources quotes,says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflights must cover no more than25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,”he says.As properties become more airtight,there are also measures to ensure proper airflow,such as having small openings(trickle vents)on windows that allow ventilation when a window is closed.For people extending their homes,they may be required to install a new,or replacement, heating system depending on the size of the build,says Belsham.These will have to use lower temperature water to deliver the same heat,which will require increased insulation of pipes.“We’ll see more insulation,better lighting design and restrictions on the amount of glass used in some areas.But with more thermal-efficient homes can come the risk of overheating due to solar gain,and so ventilation is also covered,”says Rolande.“As a result,double-glazed windows will require trickle vents to let heat escape and also to provide fresh air for health reasons and,of course,to reduce the risk of condensation build up in an ever-more airtight property.”As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline,according to Belsham.Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can go ahead as long as work starts before15June next year.Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed the paperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator,which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient,they will eventually drive down heating bills.But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work.Materials prices are already up25%in the last two years,according to figures from theConstruction Products Association.How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear.“While admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,”says Rolande.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes prices will eventually come down.But not in the immediate future.“As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies that support them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,”he says.However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Mellor.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but they will have that benefit over time.”In the future,there will be increased competition between companies to supply insulation technology,says Belsham,which should result in lower prices.Failing to follow building regulations could result in prosecution.Local authorities have the power to serve an enforcement notice forcing the owner to alter,or remove,the contravening work.The measures are part of government plans to reduce carbon emissions as part of its bid to make the UK net zero st week’s rule changes apply to England.Scotland and Wales brought in similar changes recently.A.The rise of house price is a temporary matter.B.Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.C.There will be specific limit on home extensions to prevent heat loss.D.D.The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.E.Many people feel that home prices are already beyond what they can afford.F.The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows anddoors.G.The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.41.Brian Berry42.Gareth Belsham43.Marcus Jefford44.John Kelly45.Andrew Mellor46.41-45答案：D FBAGTranslationIn the late18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his poem about nature.And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of natural world.Poetry is powerful.Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport them to anotherworld and make them see things differently.Through carefully selected words and phrases,poems can be dramatic,funny,moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years,even before people could write.It was a way to tell stories and pass down history.It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud.Poems really come to life when they are cited.This can also help with understanding them too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗而闻名。
2024年考研英语二试题及答案：41-45试题及答案
2024年考研英语二试题及答案：41-45试题及答案业务课名称：英语考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
Part BDirections: Read the following text and match each of the numbereditems in the left column to its corresponding information in the righicolumn. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college applicationprocess often participate in a litany of extracurricular activities hoping tobolster their chances of admission to a selective undergraduate institution.However, college admissionsexperts say that the quality of a collegehopeful's extracurricular activitiesmatters more than the number ofactivities he or she participates in.Sue Rexfor, the director of college guidance at the Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School, says it is not necessary for a student filling out theCommon Application to list 10 activities in the application"No college will expect that a student has a huge laundry list ofextracurriculars that they have been passionately involved in each for anextended period of timc" Rexford wrote in an email.Experts say it is tougher to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliatedcxtracurricular activity that is common among high school students than itis to stand out while doing an uncommon activity."The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to bemuch stiffer, and so if they 're going to do a popular activity, I'd say, be thebest at it" says Sara Harberson, a college admissions consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project theyare working onindependently often impress colleges, experts say."For example, a student with an interest in entrepreneurship coulddemonstrate skill and potential by starting a profitable small business,'Olivia Valdes, the founder of Zen Admissions consulting firm, wrote in anemail.Joseph Adegboyega-Edun, a Maryland high school guidancecounselor, says unconventional extracurricular activities can help studentsimpress college admissions offices, assuming they demonstrated seriouscommitnent. "Again , since one of the big questions high school seniorsmust consider is What makes you unique?, having an uncommon extracurricular activity vs. a conventional one is an advantage," he wrote inan email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at least one extracurricular activitycan help in the college admissions process, especially at top-tierundcrgraduatc Institutions Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricularactivity can be a positive in the admissions process, especially for highlyselective institutions,where having top grades and test scores is notenough," Katie Kelley, admissions counselorat lvyWise admissionsconsultancy,wrote in an email." Students need to have that quality or hookthat will appeal to admissions officers and allow them to visualize how thestudent might come and enrich their campus community.?Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on acollege application are beneficial, experts suggest. "lf you already knowyour major,baving an extracurricular that fits into that major can be a bigplus."says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunitieswith The Cabbage PatchSettlement House, a Louisville, Kentucky, nonprofit communitycenterHigh school students who have had a strong positive influence ontheir community through an extracurricular activity may impress a collegcand win a scholarshipsays Erica Gwyn, a former math and science magnet program assistant at a public high school who is now executive director ofthe Kaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofit organization.assistant at a public high school who is noW cxcculiye director oftheKaleidoscope Careers Academy in Atlanta, a nonprofitorganization.英语二翻译With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air, Stalls bursting with colorful vegetables and tempting cheeses, and the buzz of friendly chats, farmers’markets are a feast for the senses. They also provide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food, support your local economy andpick up fresh seasonal produce—all at the same time.Farmers’markets are usually weekly or monthly events, most often with outdoor stalls, whichallow farmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers. The size or regularity of markets can vary from season to season, depending on the area's agricultural calendar, and you’re likely to find different produce on sale at different times of the year. By cutting out the middlemen, the farmers secure more profit for their produce. Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where-and to who- their money is going.空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的味道，摊位上挤满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，以及友好聊天的嗡嗡声，农贸市场是感官的盛宴（3分）。
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2003年文学理论：文学理论一、（每题4分）1文学四要素 2话语蕴藉 3灵感 4艺术真实 5剧本 6现实型文学 7点评二、（每题8分）1文学的功利、非功利2作品与意图的冲突3艺术发现的心理特征4文学典型的特征性5文学消费对文学生产的制约6夸示性消费三、（20分）结合具体事例谈文学接受中的共鸣四、（24分）文学意境？文学意境的基本表现？对今天的理论和实践的意义？前人对意象的几种见解？谈自己的认识？五、（30分）新批评产生的原因？理论家？及其实践？主要理论？对今天的借鉴意义，影响？2002年（专业：文艺学、中国古典文献学、中国古代文学、中国现当代文学、比较文学与世界文学、新闻学、课程与教学论。
研究方向：传播理论方向及其他专业所有方向）一、解释下列术语（每题5分，共20分）1、隐含的读者2、审美意象3、文学的审美意识形态性4、陌生化二、简要论述下列各题（每题10分，共40分）1、文学价值学为什么样必然成为文学理论的一种形态？2、强调作者与作品之间关系的文学观念与强调文学与世界之间关系的文学观念有哪些主要区别？3、文学作为话语至少包含哪些因素？4、容格的“集体无意识”概念与弗洛伊德的“无意识”概念有哪能些根本性的区别。
三、论述题（每题20分，共40分）1、结合具体实例分析文学作品各本文层次的特点2、谈谈你对结构主义批评理论的认识2001年一名词解释1 艺术发现2 期待视野3 《机械复制时代的艺术作品》4 神话原型批评二简答1 中国“观物取象”说与古希腊“模仿说”的异同2 艺术构思过程中意识与无意识的关系3 象征型文学的特征4 风格与话语情境的关系5 文学消费的二重性三论述题1 列出你所知道的几种文学本文层次理论，指出你认为相对合理的方式，并作出具体的阐述和论证2 结合具体的作品论述文学中形象和理性的关系3 运用所学的文学理论知识，从总结近20 年来的中国文论在传统与现代（或中国与西方）问题上的经验和教训入手，谈谈你对在当前发展中国文艺理论的意见和看法。
4 试描述俄国形式主义的基本理论，并做简要评论5 结合具体作品论述文学的审美意识形态性质2000年一、解词（5分*5）1、物质生产与文学生产在发展上的“不平衡关系”2、百花齐放百家争鸣3、感知与诗艺性创造4、刚健与柔婉5、期待视野二、简答（15分*3）1、文学活动与生活活动是怎样的关系？文学活动在生活活动中处在什么位置？2、艺术发现的心理特征是什么？3、文学接受（高潮中）的共鸣、净化、与领悟之间有什么区别？三、论述（30分，答案要求：理论联系实际，“说明”充实、清晰，文字通顺流畅）试通过对某一文学典型的分析，说明文学典型的美学特征。
1999年名词解释: 艺术家的勇气期待视野共鸣情感把握叙事的构成间答: 简论文学消费的二重性谈谈叙事作品中的时序问题如何理解抒情中的自我与社会的关系谈谈文学概念三义论述: 试论文学的审美意识形态性质一、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1、形象思维2、第一文本3、审美批评4、共鸣二、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）1、如何认识文艺创作中的灵感现象？2、简述文艺流派，文艺思潮与风格之间的关系。
三、论述题（每小题25分，共50分）1、简述意境的美学特征，并论述它在现代文艺中的价值与功用。
2、结合中国近年文艺创作现实，试论文艺作品的民族性与现代性之间的关系1998年六选五：1、简述人的生活活动的特性及其美学意义2、试述文学发展中的继承与革新3、简述朗吉弩斯的《论崇高》的主要内容及其在美学史上的重要意义4、朱自清先生认为，“诗言志”的主张是中国古代诗论“开山的纲领”。
对此，你是如何认识的？5、恩格斯关于“历史的必然要求和这个要求的实际上不可能实现之间的悲剧性的冲突”的论断，对深刻理解悲剧的本质有何启示？6、简述荣格和弗洛伊德在文学生产的主体这个问题上的观点的联系和区别1997年一，名词解释（5’*6）：审美意象、叙事、意蕴期待、隐含的读者、变形、话语二，简答（10’*4）：1、简述艾布拉姆斯的文学四要素理论2、浅谈文学与功利之关系3、试评“原始意象”说4、谈文学消费的二重性三，论述（15*2）1、论马克思主义美学批评的最高标准2、论象征性文学的特征1996年一、名词解释1.艺术真实2.意境3.人的本质力量的对象化4.话语含蕴5.叙述频率6情感把握二、简答1.马克思主义对文学总的理解是怎样的2.以左拉为代表的欧洲十九世纪自然主义的主要文艺观点是什么3.宋人严羽的兴趣说的主要内容是什么三、论述试论述文学与经济基础的“中介”古代部分荷马史诗99 04英雄传说01新喜剧02伊阿宋03诗艺03中世纪部分《神曲》的历史价值何在？99谣曲02文艺复兴部分《哈姆雷特》的主要艺术特点是什么？9914行诗01人文主义01莎士比亚戏剧分几个时期？各有什么特点04古典主义部分古典主义02流浪汉小说02墓园派诗派 04启蒙部分试谈歌德《浮士德》的主要艺术特点。
99狂飚突进运动01席勒式03散文滑稽史诗05简析歌德《浮士德》中浮士德的形象 04浪漫主义部分华兹华斯诗论的主要观点是什么？99湖畔派01《克伦威尔》序言01惠特曼的《草叶集》在形式上有那些创新01拜伦式英雄02论述：浪漫主义为何会成为一种世界性的文艺思潮？0219世纪现实主义部分多余人99+01如何理解契诃夫《樱桃园》中樱桃园形象的象征意蕴？991848年革命后，法国文学出现了怎样的变化01什么是巴尔扎克的人物再现法，它的意义是什么01《人间喜剧》 0419世纪40年代的俄国出现的自然派是怎样是文学流派01在《德伯家的苔丝》中，作者赋予主人公怎样的品质01俄国自然派03比较欧洲自然主义与现实主义的区别与联系03简论巴尔扎克长篇小说的现实主义特性。
0419世纪欧洲现实主义文学在理解和表现现实方面有何特点？04结合作品简述《玩偶之家》的艺术成就05论述法国现实主义文学的发展和变革过程。
05论述19世纪俄国批判现实主义文学的特征05简述屠格涅夫长篇小说的共同特点。
06说明19—20世纪欧美现实主义文学与现代主义文学的联系和区别0620世纪现实主义部分海明威的文体风格有什么特点？99黑色幽默01+06解冻文学02《静静的顿河》04现代主义部分《等待戈多》99结合具体作品论述现代主义文学基本特征。
99结合具体的作品论述表现主义的创作倾向01论《尤利西斯》在写作技巧上的创新01魔幻现实主义02在欧洲文学中，现代主义与后现代主义有什么区别与联系？02非个人化(艾略特)03阐述你对西方现代主义文学的认识04其他流派部分自然主义99怎样理解比较文学与世界文学的关系？042008年文学理论部分一名词解释1.诗中有画2.普洛普（V.I.propp)3.文学传播二简答题1.简述俄国形式主义文论中“文学性”的主要观点。
2.简述魏晋南北朝时期文论家对“创作论”的相关思考。
三论述题结合具体的文学艺术现象，试论马克思的“艺术生产”理论。
外国文学史一名词解释1.“狂飙突进运动”2.日本“私小说”3.梵剧二简答题1.比较文学中的翻译文学史研究有何必要与价值？如何展开？2.欧洲中世纪文学有哪些类型？它们各自的主要特征是什么？三论述题试述贝克特戏剧《等待戈多》的艺术特色。
古代文学史一、名词解释1.骚体赋2.江西诗派3.才子佳人小说二、简答题1.结合实例谈谈庄子寓言的特点。
2.试述《西厢记》的结构特色。
三、论述题（二选一）1.李白诗歌的艺术特色。
2《红楼梦》在人物塑造上的艺术特色。
现代文学史一、名词解释1.大河小说2.“独幕喜剧圣手”3.“雨巷诗人”二、简答题1.什么是“鲁迅风”杂文？2.结合实例试论郭小川和贺敬之的政治抒情诗的异同。
三、论述题（二选一）1.以《上海屋檐下》为例分析夏衍戏剧的艺术特色。
2.以《传奇》为例分析张爱玲小说的艺术风格特色。
北京师范大学1996——2006现当代文学考研试题2006年现当代文学名解1 《终身大事》2 沉钟社 3〈绝对信号〉简答1 〈再别康桥〉的艺术特色2 〈随想录〉的思想价值论述1〈阿Q正传〉的艺术魅力体现1 “围城”的含义是什么?谈〈围城〉的艺术特色。
2005年现当代文学一、名词解释(6?5)4、新感觉派小说5、《屐痕处处》6、爱美剧二、简答题(4?15)3、简要回答《故事新编》的主要内容和艺术特色4、简要回答何其芳《画梦录》的主要内容和表现手法三、论述题(其中1、2题任选一题,3、4题任选一题)3、巴金《家》和曹禺《家》的不同4、结合具体作品,试论第一个十年诗歌的创作和发展北京师范大学2004年现当代文学考研试题1、浅草沉钟的艺术观点及特色2、你觉得《围城》有哪几方面的含义,你怎样从根本上理解《围城》的含义?3、《霓虹灯下的哨兵》在艺术上有哪些可取之处?4、浅析顾成的诗歌《远和近》“你一会看我/一会儿看云/我觉得/你看我时很远/你看云时很近”5、结合作品,分析现代文学中小说散文化和散文小说化的原因6、结合作品分析寻根文学的艺术特色及影响7、结合作品分析朦胧诗派的艺术特色及影响8 20c中国诗歌发展中的现代主义诗潮的脉络,并结合具体的理论主张和创作实践,对其基本特征加以说明。
9 现代话剧虽然是一种“舶来品”,但它在中国毕竟有一个本土化的过程,试结合一两位作家的创作实践,谈谈现代话剧所收到的中国传统艺术手法的影响10胡适作为中国现当代文学的“第一人”,他在新文学的理论和时间方面都多有建树,请谈谈你对胡适在现当代文学史上地位和影响的看法。
11 1921年茅盾接任《小说月报》主编后对其进行了改革,使之成为发表新文学理论与作品的重要阵地,该刊在中国新文学发展过程中起到了什么作用?北京师范大学2003年现当代文学考研试题2003年一当代 1 2 5 61穆旦为首的九叶派在中国现代主义诗歌中的成就?为何说现代主义诗歌到穆旦成熟?2沈从文小说创作的特色在40年代的价值?3田汉(此题忘了,谁知道?)4通俗小说近代到现代的发展5狗爷儿涅槃或桑树坪纪事的艺术成就6余秋雨散文的特色二当代 3 4 51现代文学提倡小说诗歌但成就最大的是散文,为什么?2废名说“诗歌是天然的,又是偶然的”?3鲁迅对20世纪中国文学史的价值和影响?(大概啊)综合一文艺思潮或文学现象谈认识?4郭小川与贺敬之政治抒情诗的异同?5池利与刘震云在80年代小说的同中之异?北京师范大学2002年现当代文学考研试题2002年(现当代文学,比较文学专业)简答题(共40分,每题10分)1,简述为艺术而艺术口号的提出及其实质2,简述《边城》的艺术特色3,刘白羽散文的艺术成就4,舒婷诗歌的艺术特色论述题(共60分,每题30分。
现代文学做1,2题,当代文学做3,4题。
其他专业任选2题)1,你认为鲁迅的小说创作中哪些体现了其自身经历与生命体验?请结合作品说明2,诗歌赏析(艾青的诗一首,略)3,比较戏剧《茶馆》与《关汉卿》4,结合对人文精神的讨论,分析90年代文学的走向。