极限编程大赛试题AF
今年编程大赛考试题及答案
今年编程大赛考试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪个选项不是Python语言的内置数据类型？A. intB. floatC. stringD. list答案：C2. 在JavaScript中，以下哪个关键字用于定义函数？A. varB. functionC. defD. let答案：B3. 在HTML中，用于定义最重要的标题的标签是？A. <h1>B. <h6>C. <title>D. <header>答案：A4. 下列哪个选项是正确的MySQL数据库连接语句？A. conn = mysql.connect('localhost', 'user', 'password', 'database')B. conn = mysql.connect('localhost', 'user', 'password')C. conn = mysql.connect('database')D. conn = mysql.connect('localhost', 'database')答案：A5. 在Java中，以下哪个关键字用于捕获异常？A. tryB. catchC. throwD. finally答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 下列哪些选项是C++语言的特性？A. 多态B. 封装C. 继承D. 垃圾回收答案：ABC2. 在Python中，以下哪些是列表(list)的方法？A. append()B. remove()C. pop()D. reverse()答案：ABCD3. 在HTML5中，以下哪些元素用于嵌入多媒体内容？A. <img>B. <audio>C. <video>D. <iframe>答案：BCD4. 下列哪些选项是JavaScript的事件类型？A. clickB. loadC. errorD. submit答案：ABCD5. 在CSS中，以下哪些属性用于设置文本的样式？A. font-sizeB. colorC. background-colorD. text-align答案：ABD三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 请简述Python中的列表推导式(list comprehension)的作用。
极限编程大赛试题AT
Testing the traversal through different screensMr. Ajay is a test expert and he has an innovative approach to testing. His current assignment is to test a particular application which traverses through multiple screens.One screen can be traversed in multiple ways. The server response time to traverse between screens is different.The circles in the diagram represent the screens and if the screens are connected by edges, it means that the screen can be traversed from the connecting screen. The numbers associated with the edges represent the minimum response time in microseconds between the screens.He has to navigate from one screen to a destination screen and return to origin screen, visiting any screen at most once.. What is the fastest way to perform this traversal.If he has to navigate from 1 to 7, the navigation path he takes is1-4-6-7-5-2-1But, Mr. Ajay finds it difficult to find the fastest route himself so he seeks help.PS: always calculate the path from the first node to the last node and backInputThe first line of test case will contain two integers: N(N<= 100) and R representing respectively the number of screens and the connection between screens. Then R lines will follow each containing three integers: C1, C2 and P. C1 and C2 are the screen numbers and P (P>1) is the limit on the minimum server response time to navigate to the screen. Last line of the input should be the source and the destination screen. Screen numbers are positive integers ranging from 1 to N.OutputOutput the shortest time to traverse from source to destination and back without repeating any screen.Sample Input7 101 2 301 3 201 4 102 4 252 5 603 6 704 7 354 6 205 7 106 7 15Sample Output145。
极限编程大赛试题AC
∙ACEnds in: 0 Days 03:15:07∙Rank: 535 Score: 113.33Solving this puzzle will improve your rank to 354Description:Meet Lakshya, he is one of the best cubers of the world. He has this unique talent to solve a Rubik's cube with his eyes blindfolded! He has recently been experimenting a lot to improve his timing. Lakshya has been following Singmaster's notation of moves to memorize a lot of standard solving techniques. To assist him in his pursuit, you offer to help him. Lakshya has now given you the following description of the tool that he needs:A tool which will take the initial configuration of rubik's cube (in its solved state) followed by a set of moves, denoted in Singmaster's notation and generate as output the colors of the tiles present on the front face of the rubik's cube.Constraints:The input will always be a proper list of moves in Singmaster's notation.Color code is a string of length 6. Moves can be of any length.INPUT:Input consists of two lines, first line will contain the configuration of the cube which has color codes for faces in the following order: Up-Left-Front-Right-Back-DownNext line will consist of the moves in Singmaster's notation(Only Basic)OUTPUT:A matrix of 3x3 with color code for the tiles in the front face after the moves have been made.ExampleInputYRBOGWR2OutputB B GB B GB B GAnalysisInitial state After R2 ( R applied twice )Input 2YORBWGRL'Output 2G R GG R GG R GAnalysis 2Initial state After R After RL' (L applied anti-clockwise)Download sample testcases as zip。
编程竞赛知识试题及答案
编程竞赛知识试题及答案一、选择题1. 在C++语言中，以下哪个关键字用于定义类？A. structB. classC. unionD. enum答案：B2. 以下哪个算法是用于排序的？A. 快速傅里叶变换（FFT）B. 深度优先搜索（DFS）C. 归并排序D. 欧几里得算法答案：C3. 在计算机科学中，递归函数的基本情况是什么？A. 调用自身B. 调用其他函数C. 终止条件D. 循环调用答案：C二、判断题1. 在Python中，列表和元组都是可变的。
（）答案：错误（列表是可变的，元组是不可变的）2. 在数据结构中，栈是一种后进先出（LIFO）的数据结构。
（）答案：正确3. 哈希表是一种基于数组的数据结构，它通过哈希函数来计算数据的存储位置。
（）答案：正确三、简答题1. 请简述什么是二叉搜索树，并说明其基本操作。
答案：二叉搜索树（BST）是一种特殊的二叉树，其中每个节点的值都大于或等于其左子树上所有节点的值，并且小于或等于其右子树上所有节点的值。
基本操作包括插入、删除和查找。
2. 解释什么是动态规划，并给出一个简单的例子。
答案：动态规划是一种通过将复杂问题分解成更小的子问题来解决的方法，并且存储这些子问题的解以避免重复计算。
一个简单的例子是斐波那契数列，可以通过动态规划来避免指数级的时间复杂度。
四、编程题1. 编写一个函数，实现对一个整数数组进行排序。
答案：（示例代码，使用Python语言）```pythondef sort_array(arr):return sorted(arr)```2. 编写一个函数，实现判断一个整数是否为素数。
答案：（示例代码，使用Python语言）```pythondef is_prime(n):if n <= 1:return Falsefor i in range(2, int(n0.5) + 1):if n % i == 0:return Falsereturn True```结束语本次编程竞赛知识试题及答案到此结束，希望这些题目能够帮助你更好地理解和掌握编程竞赛中的相关知识点。
编程知识竞赛试题及答案
编程知识竞赛试题及答案1. 以下哪个选项是Python语言中用于定义函数的关键字？A. functionB. defC. defineD. func答案：B2. 在JavaScript中，用于声明变量的关键字有哪些？A. varB. letC. constD. all of the above答案：D3. 在HTML中，用于定义文档标题的标签是什么？A. <title>B. <h1>C. <header>D. <title-tag>答案：A4. SQL语句中，用于创建新表的关键字是什么？A. CREATEB. NEWC. TABLED. both A and C答案：D5. 在Java中，哪个关键字用于捕获异常？A. tryB. catchC. throwD. both A and B答案：D6. 在C++中，用于定义类的关键字是什么？A. classB. structC. interfaceD. both A and B答案：D7. 在CSS中，用于选择所有HTML元素的通配符是什么？A. *B. allC. universalD. any答案：A8. 在Python中，哪个操作符用于列表拼接？A. +B. &C. |D. append答案：A9. 在JavaScript中，用于在数组中添加元素的方法是？A. pushB. addC. insertD. append答案：A10. 在HTML5中，用于定义一个段落的标签是什么？A. <p>B. <paragraph>C. <section>D. <div>答案：A11. 在CSS中，用于设置文本颜色的属性是什么？A. colorB. text-colorC. font-colorD. textColor答案：A12. 在Java中，用于定义接口的关键字是什么？A. interfaceB. abstractC. classD. both A and B答案：A13. 在PHP中，用于定义常量的关键字是什么？A. constB. defineC. constantD. both A and B答案：D14. 在C#中，用于定义属性的关键字是什么？A. propertyB. propC. attributeD. both A and C答案：D15. 在Ruby中，用于定义方法的关键字是什么？A. defB. methodC. functionD. proc答案：A。
编程知识竞赛试题及答案
编程知识竞赛试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪个不是Python语言的特性？A. 可读性强B. 动态类型C. 编译型语言D. 面向对象答案：C2. 在JavaScript中，以下哪个是正确的数据类型？A. voidB. undefinedC. nullD. 以上都是答案：D3. 在C++中，以下哪个关键字用于定义类？A. structB. classC. enumD. union答案：B4. 以下哪个算法不是排序算法？A. 冒泡排序B. 快速排序C. 深度优先搜索D. 归并排序答案：C5. 在HTML中，以下哪个标签用于定义文档的头部？A. <head>B. <title>C. <header>D. <h1>答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. 在Java中，用于定义包的关键字是________。
答案：package7. 在数据库中，用于查询数据的SQL语句是________。
答案：SELECT8. 在Python中，用于定义函数的关键字是________。
答案：def9. 在HTML中，用于创建超链接的标签是________。
答案：<a>10. 在CSS中，用于设置元素宽度的属性是________。
答案：width三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）11. 请简述面向对象编程的三大特性。
答案：面向对象编程的三大特性包括封装、继承和多态。
封装是将对象的实现细节隐藏起来，只暴露出一个可以被外界访问的接口；继承允许新创建的类（子类）继承现有类（父类）的属性和方法；多态是指允许不同类的对象对同一消息做出响应，但具体的行为会根据对象的实际类型而有所不同。
12. 请解释什么是栈（Stack）以及它的基本操作。
答案：栈是一种后进先出（LIFO）的数据结构，它的基本操作包括压栈（push），即将元素添加到栈顶；弹栈（pop），即移除栈顶元素；以及查看栈顶元素（peek/top）。
编程竞赛考试题库及答案
编程竞赛考试题库及答案1. 问题描述编写一个函数，该函数接收一个整数数组和一个目标值，找出数组中和为目标值的两个数的索引，并返回一个包含这两个索引的数组。
2. 输入格式输入包含两行，第一行为数组的长度 \( n \)，第二行为 \( n \) 个整数，以空格分隔。
3. 输出格式输出一行，包含两个整数，用空格分隔，表示和为目标值的两个数的索引（索引从0开始）。
4. 样例输入42 7 11 155. 样例输出1 36. 问题分析此问题可以通过一次遍历数组，并使用哈希表记录每个元素的索引来解决。
遍历数组时，对于每个元素，计算目标值与当前元素的差值，然后在哈希表中查找是否存在该差值。
如果存在，则返回当前元素的索引和差值对应的索引。
7. 算法实现```pythondef two_sum(nums, target):hash_map = {}for i, num in enumerate(nums):difference = target - numif difference in hash_map:return [hash_map[difference], i]hash_map[num] = ireturn []```8. 测试用例- 输入: [3, 2, 4], 6- 输出: [1, 2]9. 注意事项- 如果数组中不存在两个数的和等于目标值，则返回空数组。
- 确保索引从0开始计数。
- 考虑数组中可能存在重复元素的情况。
10. 扩展问题如果数组中存在多个满足条件的数对，如何返回所有可能的数对索引？。
极限编程大赛试题AU
Traffic Light CheckerA three-color traffic light must switch lights in the following order: red, green, yellow, red. To indicate when crossing slowly without a stop is permitted, the yellow signal may be flashed. To indicate when crossing immediately after a full stop is permitted, the red signal may be flashed. Either flash sequence may only be started after the red light is lit and must be followed with a red. All lights are initially off. All sequences must begin a red light. Lighting any light causes all other lights to turn off. No color may be repeated: e.g., red, red is not allowed.For example, here are some valid sequences:• Red, Green, Yellow, Red, Green, Yellow, Red• Red, Green, Yellow, Red, Pause Here are some invalid sequences:• Red, Gree n, Yellow, Red, Yellow• Green, Caution, Red, Green, Yellow, Red• Red, Green, Yellow, Yellow, Red, RedTaskWrite a program that checks a sequence of light codes and determines if that sequence follows or violates the traffic light rules.InputRead from STDIN a sequence of the follow codes: R (red), Y (yellow), G (Green), P (Pause - flash red), C (Caution - flash yellow), and X (off). Each code must be separated with a space. The entire sequence is submittedby an end-of-line (e.g., pressing the Enter key.) A sequence must have no more than 15 codes in total.OutputWrite to STDOUT an evaluation of the sequence:ACCEPT The entire input sequence meets all rules.REJECT The input sequence violates any sequence constraint; for example G Y.ERROR The input is malformed –undefined code, too short, too long, etc.Example。
阿尔法编程考试题及答案
阿尔法编程考试题及答案1. 题目：解释什么是算法，并给出一个排序算法的例子。
答案：算法是解决问题的一系列定义明确的计算步骤，它可以接受输入，产生输出，并在有限的步骤内完成。
一个常见的排序算法例子是冒泡排序，其基本思想是重复地遍历待排序的数列，一次比较两个元素，如果他们的顺序错误就把他们交换过来。
遍历数列的工作是重复进行直到没有再需要交换，也就是说该数列已经排序完成。
2. 题目：请写出一个函数，该函数接收一个字符串参数，并返回该字符串中每个字符出现的次数。
答案：```pythondef count_chars(s):char_count = {}for char in s:if char in char_count:char_count[char] += 1else:char_count[char] = 1return char_count```该函数通过遍历字符串中的每个字符，并使用字典来记录每个字符出现的次数。
3. 题目：描述什么是面向对象编程，并给出一个简单的类的定义。
答案：面向对象编程是一种编程范式，它使用对象来表示数据和与数据相关的行为。
对象是现实世界中事物的抽象，它们拥有属性和方法。
一个简单的类的定义如下：```pythonclass Car:def __init__(self, make, model):self.make = makeself.model = modeldef display_info(self):print(f"Make: {self.make}, Model: {self.model}")```在这个例子中，`Car` 类有两个属性（`make` 和 `model`）和一个方法（`display_info`）。
4. 题目：解释什么是数据库事务，并说明其四个基本特性（ACID）。
答案：数据库事务是一组原子性的SQL语句序列，它们作为一个单一的工作单元被执行。
极限编程大赛试题AE
Solving this puzzle will improve your rank to 324Robot TennisIn Robot World a grand championship on tennis is about to take place. All the best robotic tennis players have already started practice for this great event and they are ready to give their best for the Robotic Cup! Unfortunately, due to the bad weather both the tennis field where the tournament was about to take place was ruined and the referee of the game got ill. Can you develop a program that could simulate the tennis field and the coach in order to host the tournament?TaskYour task is to develop a program that can efficiently simulate a tennis match between two robotic tennis players. The simulation should comply with the following rules of the game:(Note: please also refer to Fig.1 for a better understanding of thenotations and the rules)1.The tennis court will be a 2 dimensional space comprised of n rowsand m columns.2.At every match, only two robots (Robot1 and Robot2 hereafter) canparticipate.3.Robot1 can be positioned at any column (even the rightmost or theleftmost column) but always at the first row of the tennis court whereas Robot2 can be positioned at any column but always at the last row of the tennis court.4.On the rightmost and the leftmost side of the tennis court thereexist bouncing walls which may change the direction of the ball when it collides with them.5.Moreover, obstacles may exist within the tennis field. Obstaclescannot be positioned at the first and the last row of the tennis field, nor at the leftmost and rightmost columns of the tennis field(i.e. obstacles cannot co-exist neither with robots nor withbouncing walls). Obstacles always alter the direction of the ball.6.Both robots can only move along the horizontal axis (i.e. only tothe right or to the left of their current position) and never on the vertical axis.7.No robot is allowed to stay still. At every step, at first the ballmoves and then each robot should moves (on the horizontal axis) towards the ball, meaning that if the ball is positioned at a columni and the robot is at column j, and i<j< em="">, then the robot shouldmove to the left, whereas it should move to the right if i>j. In case that both the ball and a robot happen to be in the same column (i=j), the robot should try to move to the right by default. If this is not possible (because it is already at the rightmost side of the tennis field and moving to the right means colliding onto the bouncing wall) then it moves to the left side instead.</j<>8.When a robot has the ball, it should always throw it towards itsopponent at one of the three possible directions:a.Diagonally to the left (denoted by L hereafter),b.Diagonally to the right (denoted by R hereafter) orc.Straight ahead (denoted by S hereafter).The direction along which the robot should throw the ball will be decided according to an input sequence that will be provided as input at the beginning of the program. In particular, a sequence of directions (e.g. LRSSR) will be provided as input at thebeginning of the program, and every time a Robot has to throw the ball towards its opponent, the next available direction will be chosen (e.g. for the example sequence LRSSR, the first Robot that catches the ball should throw it on the L direction towards it opponent, afterwards the R direction should be selected in order to throw the ball back to the opponent robot, then the S direction and so forth).9.The ball should continue to move along the direction defined by therobot until one of the following happens:a.The ball collides with a bouncing wall: In this case thebouncing wall may change the ball direction to its opposite.More specifically, if the ball was moving on the R direction,it changes it to L and vice versa. If the ball was moving onthe S direction, the bouncing wall does not change the ball’sdirection (i.e. it will continue moving straight as if thebouncing wall was not there)b.The ball collides with an obstacle: In this case, theobstacle always changes the movement direction of the ball.In particular, if the ball was moving on the R direction whenit collided with the obstacle, it should move on the Ldirection afterwards and vice versa. In case the ball wasmoving on the S direction, then the ball should continuemoving straight but towards the opposite direction (e.g. ifthe ball was moving straight heading from Robot1 to Robot2,it should then continue moving straight but heading fromRobot2 to Robot1).c.The ball reaches a square where a Robot is positioned: Inthis case, the Robot should throw the ball back to theopponent Robot using one of the available directions (L, Ror S) and the ball should start moving along this directionafterwards.d.The ball reaches the end of the tennis court and no Robotis positioned there: In this case, the game ends and the Robotpositioned at the other side of the tennis field is nominatedwinner of the match.10.The game ends when:a.The ball reaches the end of the tennis court and no Robotis positioned there: In this case, the Robot positioned atthe other side of the tennis field is nominated winner of thematch.b.The ball reaches the end of the tennis court and a Robot ispositioned there but there are no remaining directions atthe provided input sequence so as for this Robot to throw theball back to its opponent: In this case the game ends withouta winner.In order to better explain the rules and the flow of the game, please also consider the following visualizations of a virtual tennis match between the two Robots.Visualization I: For the Input Sequence {SL} and Robot1 having the Ballat the beginning of the match.(Red arrows signify the next position of the ball, whereas pink arrows show where the robot should move at in order to follow the ball’s courseaccording to Rule 7)Visualization II: For the Input Sequence {RS} and Robot2 having the Ballat the beginning of the match.Please note that at Step 1 of Visualization II, although Robot2 sends the ball to the R, since it instantly bounces on the wall its direction changes and thus moves to the L. Moreover, in every step the robots move towards the ball, or they move by default to the right if they are already positioned on the same column with the ball (e.g. Step 1 of Visualization I). In case the robots cannot follow the default right movement rule, then they moved to the left (e.g. Step 7 of Visualization II). Finally, at Step 9 of Visualization II, the game ends without a winner since there are no available moves for Robot2 to select.InputThe program receives its input from the standard input stream. The parameters that should be provided as input are the following:1.Two positive integer numbers n1 and n2(where 1 ≤ n1≤ 15 and 1≤ n2≤ 15) representing the dimensions of the tennis field (i.e.the number of rows and columns respectively). These two numbers will be provided in one line and should be separated by a comma (,)character.2.A positive integer number r1_pos(0 ≤ r1_pos< n2) representing theinitial position (in terms of column number) of Robot1 (the row number position does not need to be provided since Robot1 is always positioned at the 1st row of the tennis field).3.A positive integer number r2_pos(0 ≤ r2_pos< n2) representing theinitial position in terms of column number) of Robot2 (the rownumber position does not need to be provided since Robot2 is always positioned at the last row of the tennis field).4.A positive integer number ball_pos(1 ≤ ball_pos≤ 2) representingwhich robot initially has the ball. More specifically, if ball_pos equals to 1 then Robot1 will initially have the ball, whereas Robot2 will start the game if ball_pos equals to 2.5.A positive integer number num_of_obstacles(0 ≤ num_of_obstacles≤ {( n1 * n2)-2(n1+ n2)+4}) representing the number of obstaclesthat will be placed at the tennis field.6.num_of_obstacles lines should follow representing the position ofeach obstacle in the tennis field. These positions should be given in the form of pairs of positive integer numbers ob_row, ob_colwhere 1 ≤ ob_row< n1-1and 1 ≤ ob_col< n2-1. These pairs shouldbe provided as one pair per line and the two integer values at each line should be separated by a comma (,).7.A sequence of characters belonging to the set {L,S,R} whichrepresents the available moves from which the robots will select at which direction to throw the ball during gameplay. This sequenceshould be provided in one single line and the characters should not be delimited to each other.OutputThe program should be able to simulate a match between the two competing robots and print to the standard output stream the result of the game, as well as the state of the game (i.e. robot positions, ball position and sequence of movements used) when the game ends. More specifically, the program should output:1.At the first line:o The comment: “Winner: Robot1” if Robot1 wins the matcho The comment: “Winner: Robot2” if Robot2 wins the matcho The comment: “This game does not have a Winner.” if no robot wins the match2.At the second line:o The comment: “Robot1 At [x,y]”, where x and y correspond the row and the column at which Robot1 is positioned when thegame ends3.At the third line:o The comment: “Robot2 At [x,y]”, where x and y correspond the row and the column at which Robot2 is positioned when thegame ends4.At the fourth line:o The comment: “Ball At [x,y]”, where x and y correspond the row and the column at which the Ball is positioned when thegame ends5.At the fifth line:o The comment: “Sequence: XXXX…”, where each X stands fora letter belonging to the set {L, R, S}. In this line all movesthat were used during the game should be printed at thestandard output stream (Beware: only the directions of theball until the game ended should be printed at this line). Note: There is a newline character at the end of the last line of the output.Sample Input 14,43111,1LLRSLRSSRSample Output 1 Winner: Robot1Robot1 At [0,1]Robot2 At [3,2]Ball At [3,1] Sequence: L Sample Input 2 8,432251,12,13,25,14,2SRLLRSLLRSSLL Sample Output 2 Winner: Robot2Robot1 At [0,2]Robot2 At [7,1]Ball At [0,1] Sequence: SR。
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Solving this puzzle will improve your rank to 357
Description
With the new tax system, in Greece, people have to collect receipts and then sum them up. Here, you will help to identify valid receipts from their VAT numbers and then make the sum. A Greek VAT number is 8-digit or 9-digit
number. In order to be sure that a VAT number (A
8A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
or
A 9A
8
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
) is numerically valid we do all the following steps:
1) If length of VAT number is 8, then assume that it has a zero digit in front of it, and then continue with a 9 digit string.
2) S = Α
1 * 0 + Α
2
* 2 + Α
3
* 4 + Α
4
* 8 + Α
5
* 16 + Α
6
* 32 + Α
7
*
64 + Α
8 * 128 + Α
9
* 256
3) Y = S mod 11
4) If Y == 10 AND A
1
== 0, VAT number is numerically valid
5) If Y == A
1
, VAT number is numerically valid
6) In any other case, VAT number is not valid
Task
You will be given a list of receipts (VAT number, amount in euro cents) and you are asked to create a program that will identify valid receipts from their VAT number and then return the sum of these receipts.
Input
The input file contains a list of receipts, containing VAT number and amount in euro cents in each line. A single empty line signifies the end of the list.
Output
The output file will contain the sum of all valid receipts, in euro cents, and a new line.
Sample Input
094185641 3929
092766360 900
030026340 850
092766360 5500
998198381 590
040933250 800
999517462 250
058302582 1410
052866929 160
998686837 570
998475585 3676
Sample Output
18635
Sample Input with invalid VAT 94185641 3929
92766360 900
30026340 850
92766360 5500
998198381 590
40933250 800
999517463 250
58302582 1410
52866929 160
998686837 570
998475585 3676
Sample Output
18385。