上海市金山区2014届高三第一学期期末考试试卷
金山区-2014学年第一学期期末考试
金山区20XX-20XX 学年第一学期期末考试高三数学试卷(满分：150分，完卷时间：120分钟)(答案请写在答题纸上)一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分。
矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖賃軔朧。
1+ i1•计算：——=(i为虚数单位)。
3-i3 n 42.若a€ (一 ,2 冗),tan a二-一，贝U sin a二。
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4•不等式：x；1 X <1的解集是。
5•若函数y二f(x)的反函数为y=2x-1-1，贝y f(x)二。
6.若关于x的实系数一元二次方程x2+px+q=0有一个根为3-4i (i是虚数单位)，则实数p与q的乘积pq=。
2 1 7 27•二项式(x2- )7的展开式中含x2的项的系数是。
x8.在等差数列｛a n｝中，c = 3，公差不等于零，且a2、a4、a9恰好是某一个等比数列的前三项，那么该等比数列的公比的值等于。
9•容器中有10个小球，除颜色外，其他性状”完全相同，其中4个是红色球，6个是蓝色球，若从中任意选取3个，则所选的3个小球都是蓝色球的概率是(结果用数值表示)。
聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净祸測樅。
10•从一堆苹果中任取5只，称得它们的质量(单位：克)分别是：125,124,121,123,127,则该堆苹果的总体标准差的点估计值是(结果精确到0.01 )。
残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟婭骤東。
11.设数列｛a n｝是公比为q的等比数列，它的前n项和为S n，若n imS n= 2，则此等比数列的首项a1的取值范围是。
12・已知偶函数y二f(x)(x€ R)满足：f(x+2)= f(x)，并且当x € [0,1] 时，f (x) = x，函数y=f (x)( x € R)与函数y= I o gx|的交点个数是。
A 13.如图，已知直线丨:4x-3y+ 6= 0，抛物线C : y2 = 4x图像上的一个动点P 到直线丨与y 轴的距离之和的最小值是。
上海市金山区2014届高三上学期期末考试英语试题
金山区2013学年第一学期期末考试II. Grammar and Vocabulary( A )“Fire! Fire!” What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of bed, opened the door and stepped outside the house. There was full of thick smoke.I began to run, but as I was still only half-awake, ____25___ ________ going towards the stairs，I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew___26____ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But ____27___I could reach it, one of my feet caught in something soft and I fell down. The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ___28___ (protect) my face from the smoke and heat. Just then the floor gave way under me and I crashed to the floor below with pieces of ____29__ (burn) wood all around me.As I reached the cold air outside, my bundle of clothes gave a thin cry. I nearly dropped ___30___in my surprise. Then I was in a crowd gathered in the street. A woman in ___31__ night dress and a borrowed man’s coat screamed as she saw me and _____32______(come) running madly.She was the Mayor’s wife, an d I had saved her baby.( B )Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That changed because of a man___33_____(name)Joseph Merlin.One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. ___34___ the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think ___35____ to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he____36____(get) a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.Merlin tried different ways to make himself ___37___(roll). Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party___38____ wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone___39____ (amaze) to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror___40___ was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!Section BA. permissionB. particularlyC. experiencingD. contactE. identifiedF. seekG. increasingH. obviouslyI. responsible J. guarantee K. accessCamping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at its best, it makes little environmental influence. But with ___41___ numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively (不引人注目地) and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, ___42___ in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations ___43___ for managing wild spaces, and ___44___ them to find out theirpolicy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s ___45___, except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, ___46___ bad weather, and making food without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so ___47___ out smaller, more remote places with easy ___48___ to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to ___49___ a good night’s sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have ___50___ camped before rather than creating a new spot. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.III. Reading ComprehensionRecent years have seen considerable growth in the number of children learning a second or foreign language, as the importance of being able to use a language other than one’s first language has become recognized in an increasingly globalized world. In Asia and Europe ___51___, there has been a tendency to ___52___ the age at which school children begin to learn a foreign language, since it is believed that the earlier a child starts to learn a foreign language, the greater the ultimate achievement will be.In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the home for__53__ children. Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population.___54__ in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a ___55___ awareness of their special needs. There is ___56___ a need to identify the needs of young language learners, to ___57___ what level, if any, of proficiency they have in the target language to diagnose their strengths and areas in need of improvement. Language ___58___, whether this is informal, classroom- based, or large-scale, thus has a __59___ role to play in gathering the information needed for these purposes.Unfortunately, the vast majority of teachers who work with young language learners have had little or no ___60___ training or education in language assessment. Teachers are involved in assessment on a daily basis, as they ___61___ their pupils’ classroom performance, and as they develop formal classroom assessments. Assessment should therefore, wherever possible, be familiar and involve familiar adults, rather than ___62_____. The environment should be safe for the learner. Teachers responding___63___ to the child’s efforts is ideal for young learners. Such feedback maintains attention and ___64___. As children grow, they are able to work more ____65___ and for long spans of time without ongoing feedback.51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. shorten B. enlarge C. lower D. increase53. A. the majority of B. the amount of C. the quantity of D. the number of54. A. Before B. While C. As D. If55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping56. A. however B. moreover C. instead D. therefore57. A. discuss B. determine C. teach D. train58. A. draft B. performance C.assessment D. arrangement59. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. critical60. A. personal B. valuable C. professional D. approval61. A. monitor B. master C. inspect D. control62. A. students B. children C. strangers D. neighbors63. A. quickly B. kindly C. rudely D. friendly64. A. friendship B. relationship C. quality D. confidence65. A. independently B. dependently C. roughly D. carelesslySection B( A )1. ExerciseStudies show that 30 minutes of mild exercise a day will increase your life span. This doesn’t mean you have to run three miles or start jumping. Simple activities such as walking, gardening or taking exercise classes will work.2. Enjoy peopleContacts with family and friends help fight life-sapping depression and stress. Studies show that people socialize regularly live longer than loners. Interact daily with family members and friends. If you are isolated, make a point of joining social clubs or church groups so you can laugh and share life’s joys. 3. Stay mentally activeThis is very important—use it or lose it! People who allow their mental faculties to decline run the risk of shortening their lives through falls and other injuries, and not being able to take care of themselves. Read the newspaper, visit the public library, balance your checkbook without a calculator, and exercise your brain by doing crossword puzzle.4. DietThe key words are “ high-fiber, low-fat”. Cut back on red meat, salt, white flour, white sugar, alcohol and coffee. Start eating a balanced diet including lots of fruit, grains, raw vegetables and nuts.5. Positive attitudeBy approaching life with a positive outlook you increase your chances of living longer. Stay optimistic—always search for the silver lining. Studies show people who see life as an enjoyable challenge, rather than a constant trial, cope better and prolong their life spans.6. medication mixAs we age, we are more likely to take medications. Sometimes this leads to over-medication, which can be disabling and even deadly. Ask your doctor if the drugs you take are really necessary. Make sure there is no danger of a bad drug interaction from your medication. Used correctly, medicines can help you live longer and more comfortably.7. VolunteerHelping others increases your self-esteem and makes you feel like a valuable contributor.66. Which of the following does NOT increase your life span?A. Staying happy about lifeB. Exercising as much as possibleC. Exercising your brain frequentlyD. Enjoying your social life67. People who do not stay mentally active are more likely to _________.A. become ignorantB. lose their mindsC. shorten their livesD. become slow in movement68. The underlined phrase silver lining can be replaced with __________.A. something made of silverB. new informationC. good aspectsD. long life span69. Which of the following is correct about medication ?A. Appropriate medication is necessary.B. Medication is always helpful to you.C. Doctors suggest taking expensive medicines.D. Drugs are unnecessary because of side-effects.( B )“W e are going to have to get rid of Bay this year,” Meg’s dad said. “That horse can’t work another winter.”It was October, and snow was falling lightly over their part of Montana. Meg knew the ranch needed strong, steady horses to bring the sheep back from pasture. Still, she could hardly take in the enormity of her father’s words.“I know Bay’s old,” Meg told her dad, “but he is my horse. Won’t you let me keep him? I’d feed him. He won’t be a problem.”“We use horses for labor,” her dad said, “We don’t keep them as pets.”Meg understood. She thought about Casey, a dog she had once loved. He became lost when he chased a wandering sheep and never came home. Meg had been sad for weeks. She knew that on a ranch, animals come and go. You couldn’t grow attached to them. Bay was different, though. The horse had a personality all his own.She went to the stable and stroked the old brown horse’s head. As Bay nuzzled her hand, Meg tried to imagine what the ranch would be like without her favorite horse.The snow was falling faster, and dark gray clouds were settling over the peaks. Meg had an idea. She saddled Bay, put her foot in the stirrup, and swung up. “Let’s go !” she cried, and nudged him with heels.They galloped over the meadow, onto a steep and narrow trail, and up a wooded slope. “We’ll round up the sheep now, before the snow gets too thick,” Meg said. “We will show Dad how well you work.”.The sheep stood in a high pasture, bleating at the storm clouds. Meg heard a lone bleat from above. She looked for the lost sheep but couldn’t see it. “It must be stuck in the bush above the rock wall,” she thought.She got off her horse and began to climb up the steep wall. She was almost at the top when the heel of her foot slipped into a crack. She lost her balance and fell onto a rock. She tried to stand, but her foot hurt too much.Then Bay got into position under the rock. He was telling Meg to crawl onto his back!Painfully, Meg got her feet into the stirrups. Slowly and carefully, Bay carried her down the snow trail.On the way down, they met Dad riding his gray horse. “What happened ?” he asked anxiously.“Bay saved me.” Meg told him what happened.Dad’s voice shook when he said, “ I wouldn’t get rid of that horse for anything.”70. Meg’s dad intended to ______________.A. trade Bay for sheepB. let Meg keep Bay as a pet.C. sell or kill BayD. keep Bay working for another winter.71. Meg hoped to keep Bay because______________.A. Bay was a good sheep-keeper.B. Bay was like a good friend.C. Bay was strong and beautiful.D. Bay was the only animal she loved.72. Meg rode Bay to the pasture to ___________.A. look for a lost sheep.B. round up the sheep.C. climb over the meadow.D. meet her father.73. Why does Dad change his mind about Bay?A. Bay found the lost sheep and Meg.B. Bay was such a good friend to Meg.C. Bay proved his importance by rescuing Meg.D. Bay proved that he had a personality all his own.( C )One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. With evaporation its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug? I wondered. Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem: “ The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface drops about one meter, and as the water level falls, shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result: the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, wherethey know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The “ Red-Dead” is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.74. What’s the passage mainly about ?A. Dead Sea—miracle of the world.B. Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C. Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D. Why is the Dead Sea so salty.75. The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by _________ according to the passage.A. a severe reduction of the water flowing into the sea.B. rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea area.C. the increasing quantity of water drawn from the sea.D. very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area.76. Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. With no outlet to any ocean, the Dead Sea has become by evaporation the saltiest on earth.B. Though burdened with the growing population, the neighboring countries haven’t cut off thesources of the Dead Sea.C. All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D. The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea, but peace to the area as well.77. Which of the following statements will the author approve of ?A. If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region.B. The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C. The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D. Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually, it will not die.Section CHowever important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principles have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea andthe many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils’progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate (升华) his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a standard or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers’conferences with parents are devoted to petty (不重要的) accounts of children’s misdeeds, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’capacities.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements with NO MORE THAN 14 WORDS)78. Why do parents also have great influence on children?_____________________________________________________________________________79. Through which ways can the teacher play an important role in enlightening parents?_____________________________________________________________________________80. According to the teacher, that parent should let the boy _____________________________ if he wants to sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels in teaching his son arithmetic.81. A more creative approach is needed for _____________________of children out of classroom.第Ⅱ卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．我不认为我今天所说的话能改变别人对我的看法。
上海市金山区高三上学期期末考试(一模)历史试题
金山区2014学年第一学期期末考试高三历史试卷考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上准确填（涂）写学校、考试号和姓名等相关信息。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
5、本卷采用网上阅卷，请注意书写的端正和规范。
一、选择题（共75分）以下每小题2分，共60分。
每题只有一个正确选项。
1、将以下古代文明的成果按照时间顺序排列，正确的是①楔形文字②《荷马史诗》③《古兰经》④帕特农神庙A、①②④③B、②①④③C、②①③④D、①③②④2、这是一位军人出身的皇帝，在他统治期间这个国家的政治体制发生了巨大的变化。
他从旧有的贵族集团手中夺走权力核心，建立独裁统治。
他统治下的帝国拥有辽阔的疆域，他和他的继任者们不断开疆拓土，形成了古代史上断不可忽视的大帝国。
这位皇帝是A、汉穆拉比B、图坦卡蒙C、伯里克利D、屋大维3、有学者认为：“古代雅典政治建立在一种非常不民主的基础之上。
”下列雅典民主政治鼎盛时期的史实，可以支持该论断的是A、公民大会是最高权力机构B、有不少功勋卓著的公民经陶片放逐法被流放国外C、居民中奴隶数量多于自由民D、五百人议事会的成员以抽签方式从10个选区中选出４、历史记载是人们对当时或近期发生的事件及相关人物的言论、事迹的记录。
下列文献中，历史记载特征鲜明的是A、《历史》B、《古兰经》C、《大藏经》D、《史记》5、某航海家根据马可·波罗对亚洲东西宽度的估计（一个过高的估计），及其关于日本距亚洲大陆有1500哩的报告（一个极为过高的估计），以及托勒密对地球周长的估计（一个过低的估计），推断出分隔欧洲和日本的海洋宽不到3000哩。
据此，这位航海家决定A、绕过非洲到达亚洲B、向西航行到达美洲C、穿越地中海向东航行D、横穿大西洋到达亚洲6、西方学者弗兰克写道：“正如历史学家所知道的，欧洲人‘以欧洲为中心组建了一个世界’……人们甚至丝毫没有想到，也许还有另一条相反的道路，也许是世界创造了欧洲。
上海市金山区2014届高三上学期期末考试政治试题.pdf
案。之后，金山区政协提案委员会组织开展该提案办理视察国家取得的巨大成就，离不开正确意识的指导。意识是“地
球上最美丽的花朵”，但这朵花要绽放，必须以物质的决定作用为前提。必须通过把意识对物质的能动作用变成现实
，实践2013年8月22日国务院正式批准设立中国（上海）自由贸易试验区范围涵盖上海市外高桥保税区、外高桥保税物
D提请劳动争议处理的权利
宣布向雅安灾区捐款1000万，全面助养本次因地震不幸失去双亲的孤儿，负担每月每人600元的基本生活费用，直
至年满十八周岁。10月25日以来，赣南脐橙存有部分“催熟染色”现象，消费者和商家拒买赣南脐橙，致使销售状况一
路下滑。A．①② B．
C．①③ D．②④①是因为非公有制经济是社会主义经济的重要组成部分②表明
非公有制经济与公有制经济在国民经济中的地位是平等的
③有利于推动非公有制经济与公有制经济在市场上平等竞争④有利于解放和发展生产力
A．①② B．
C．③④ D．②④全国人民代表大会常务委员会通过《中华人民共和国消费者权益保
护法》十八大以来，中共密集吹响的反腐“集结号”最高检表示，在突出查办大要案的同时，检察机关把查办发生在群
C．用条例规范部队建设的方方面面
D．提高军队建设的科技含量
18、我国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，其依据是（ 家利益和国家性质
C.党的性质和政府宗旨
D.国际关系和国家主权
19、金山区政协五届二次会议期间，民建会员提交了《关于进一步推进金山房地产市场健康发展的意见建议》的提
②坚持民族团结稳定是实现各民族共同繁荣的政治基础。
③加强民族团结，维护国家统一，是中华民族的最高利益。
④只有保持社会稳定才能为民族地区的发展创造良好的社会环境
上海市金山区2014届高三上学期期末考试[2014上海金山一模]
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金山区2013学年第一学期期末考试高三英语试卷（满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）2014.1第Ⅰ卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By bus. B. By train. C. By bicycle. D. On foot.2. A. Do some cooking. B. How to become a Shanghainese.C. How to play chess.D. One day in Shanghai.3. A. A pair of stockings. B. Some paper of high quality.C. A large quantity of books.D. A bookshelf.4. A. It is not very difficult. B. He doesn’t believe everyone’s words.C. He finds the maths course too difficult.D. His score is very bad.5. A. He made a lecture to the woman and the man.B. He has just graduated from the university.C. He is too shy to speak in the university.D. He used to be very shy, but now he has overcome it.6. A. He declines the woman’s offer.B. He doesn’t like the food.C. He likes the pudding only.D. He will eat all the food on the table.7. A. The key to the company’s success.B. The changes on the market.C. The management of the woman’s company.D. How the woman’s company goes on.8. A. Frank’s car was accidentally lost.B. Frank was killed in a car accident.C. Frank fell out of a car.D. Frank survived a car accident.9. A. 40 dollars. B. 32 dollars. C. 30 dollars. D. 16 dollars.后期制作10. A. There are too many centers already.B. They aren’t really going to build one.C. She knew about the planned construction.D. She hasn’t been to the other centers.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken onlyonce. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide whichone would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In 1886. B. In 1856.C. In 1830.D. In 1950.12. A. A doctor. B. A novelist.C. A housekeeper.D. A poet.13. A. She often goes out to get some information.B. She is not a sociable person.C. She only communicated with her seven poems.D. She is not a productive person.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Slow drain. B. Cutting trees.C. Lack of money.D. Heavy rainfall.15. A. Because they lack money.B. Because the bang is used for experiments.C. Because of some technical faults.D. Because people don’t like it.16. A. India. B. South Africa.C. Denmark.D. China.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be readtwice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with theinformation you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Directions:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.( A )“Fire! Fire!” What terrible words to hear when one wakes up in a strange house in the middle of the night! It was a large, old, wooden house and my room was on the top floor. I jumped out of bed, opened the door and stepped outside the house. There was full of thick smoke.I began to run, but as I was still only half-awake, ____25___ ________ going towards the stairs，I went in the opposite direction. The smoke grew___26____ (thick) and I could see fire all around. The floor became hot under my bare feet. I found an open door and ran into a room to get to the window. But ____27___I could reach it, one of my feet caught in something soft and I fell down. The thing I had fallen over felt like a bundle of clothes, and I picked it up ___28___ (protect) my face from the smoke and heat. Just then the floor gave way under me and I crashed to the floor below with pieces of ____29__ (burn)wood all around me.As I reached the cold air outside, my bundle of clothes gave a thin cry. I nearly dropped ___30___in my surprise. Then I was in a crowd gathered in the street. A woman in ___31__ night dress and a borrowed man’s coat scr eamed as she saw me and _____32______(come) running madly.She was the Mayor’s wife, and I had saved her baby.( B )Today, roller skating is easy and fun．But a long time ago, it wasn’t easy at all. Before 1750, the idea of skating didn’t exist. That ch anged because of a man___33_____(name)Joseph Merlin.One day Merlin received an invitation to attend a fancy dress ball. He was very pleased and a little excited. ___34___ the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think ___35____ to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he____36____(get) a lot of attention ifhe could skate into the room.Merlin tried different ways to make himself ___37___(roll). Finally, he decided to put two wheels under each shoe. These were the first roller skates. Merlin was very proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party___38____ wheels while playing the violin.On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone___39____ (amaze) to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror___40___ was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time! Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlylittle environmental influence. But with ___41___ numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively (不引人注目地) and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, ___42___ in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations ___43___ for managing wild spaces, and ___44___ them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s ___45___, except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, ___46___ bad weather, and making food without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so ___47___ out smaller, more remote places with easy ___48___ to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite with no road access: walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to ___49___ a good night’s sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment. Try to use an area where people have ___50___ camped before rather than creating a new spot. Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made—changing it should be unnecessary.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Recent years have seen considerable growth in the number of children learning a second or foreign language, as the importance of being able to use a language other than one’s first language has become recognized in an increasingly globalized world. In Asia and Europe ___51___, there has been a tendency to ___52___ the age at which school children begin to learn a foreign language, since it is believed that the earlier a child starts to learn a foreign language, the greater the ultimate achievement will be.In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the homefor__53__ children. Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population.___54__ in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where there are large numbers of young learners, there is a ___55___ awareness of their special needs. There is ___56___ a need to identify the needs of young language learners, to ___57___ what level, if any, of proficiency they have in the target language to diagnose their strengths and areas in need of improvement. Language ___58___, whether this is informal, classroom- based, or large-scale, thus has a __59___ role to play in gathering the information needed for these purposes.Unfortunately, the vast majority of teachers who work with young language learners have had little or no ___60___ training or education in language assessment. Teachers are involved in assessment on a daily basis, as they ___61___ their pupils’ classroom performance, and as they develop formal classroom assessments. Assessment should therefore, wherever possible, be familiar and involve familiar adults, rather than ___62_____. The environment should be safe for the learner. Teachers responding___63___ to the child’s efforts is ideal for young learners. Such feedback maintains attention and ___64___. As children grow, they are able to work more ____65___ and for long spans of time without ongoing feedback.51. A. in particular B. as a result C. for example D. in other words52. A. shorten B. enlarge C. lower D. increase53. A. the majority of B. the amount of C. the quantity of D. the number of54. A. Before B. While C. As D. If55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping56. A. however B. moreover C. instead D. therefore57. A. discuss B. determine C. teach D. train58. A. draft B. performance C.assessment D. arrangement59. A. unnecessary B. uninteresting C. concrete D. critical60. A. personal B. valuable C. professional D. approval61. A. monitor B. master C. inspect D. control62. A. students B. children C. strangers D. neighbors63. A. quickly B. kindly C. rudely D. friendly64. A. friendship B. relationship C. quality D. confidence65. A. independently B. dependently C. roughly D. carelesslySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Studies show that 30 minutes of mild exercise a day will increase your life span. This doesn’t mean you have to run three miles or start jumping. Simple activities such as walking, gardening or taking exercise classes will work.2. Enjoy peopleContacts with family and friends help fight life-sapping depression and stress. Studies show that people socialize regularly live longer than loners. Interact daily with family members and friends. If you are isolated, make a point of joining social clubs or church groups so you can laugh and share life’s joys.3. Stay mentally activeThis is very important—use it or lose it! People who allow their mental faculties to decline run the risk of shortening their lives through falls and other injuries, and not being able to take care of themselves. Read the newspaper, visit the public library, balance your checkbook withouta calculator, and exercise your brain by doing crossword puzzle.4. DietThe key words are “ high-fiber, low-fat”. Cut back on red meat, salt, white flour, white sugar, alcohol and coffee. Start eating a balanced diet including lots of fruit, grains, raw vegetables and nuts.5. Positive attitudeBy approaching life with a positive outlook you increase your chances of living longer. Stay optimistic—always search for the silver lining. Studies show people who see life as an enjoyable challenge, rather than a constant trial, cope better and prolong their life spans.6. medication mixAs we age, we are more likely to take medications. Sometimes this leads to over-medication, which can be disabling and even deadly. Ask your doctor if the drugs you take are really necessary. Make sure there is no danger of a bad drug interaction from your medication. Used correctly, medicines can help you live longer and more comfortably.7. VolunteerHelping others increases your self-esteem and makes you feel like a valuable contributor.66. Which of the following does NOT increase your life span?A. Staying happy about lifeB. Exercising as much as possibleC. Exercising your brain frequentlyD. Enjoying your social life67. People who do not stay mentally active are more likely to _________.A. become ignorantB. lose their mindsC. shorten their livesD. become slow in movement68. The underlined phrase silver lining can be replaced with __________.A. something made of silverB. new informationC. good aspectsD. long life span69. Which of the following is correct about medication ?A. Appropriate medication is necessary.B. Medication is always helpful to you.C. Doctors suggest taking expensive medicines.D. Drugs are unnecessary because of side-effects.( B )“W e are going to have to get rid of Bay this year,” Meg’s dad said. “That horse can’t work another winter.”It was October, and snow was falling lightly over their part of Montana. Meg knew the ranch needed strong, steady horses to bring the sheep back from pasture. Still, she could hardly take in the enormity of her father’s words.“I know Bay’s old,” Meg told her dad, “but he is my horse. Won’t you let me keep him? I’d feed him. He won’t be a problem.”“We use horses for labor,” her dad said, “We don’t keep them as pets.”Meg understood. She thought about Casey, a dog she had once loved. He became lost when he chased a wandering sheep and never came home. Meg had been sad for weeks. She knew that on a ranch, animals come and go. You couldn’t grow attached to them. Bay was different, though. The horse had a personality all his own.She went to the stable and stroked the old brown horse’s head. As Bay nuzzled her hand, Meg tried to imagine what the ranch would be like without her favorite horse.The snow was falling faster, and dark gray clouds were settling over the peaks. Meg had an idea. She saddled Bay, put her foot in the stirrup, and swung up. “Let’s go !”she cried, and nudged him with heels.They galloped over the meadow, onto a steep and narrow trail, and up a wooded slope. “We’ll round up the sheep now, before the snow gets too thick,” Meg said. “We will show Dad how well you work.”.The sheep stood in a high pasture, bleating at the storm clouds. Meg heard a lone bleat from above. She looked for the lost sheep but couldn’t see it. “It must be stuck in the bush above the rock wall,” she thought.She got off her horse and began to climb up the steep wall. She was almost at the top when the heel of her foot slipped into a crack. She lost her balance and fell onto a rock. She tried to stand, but her foot hurt too much.Then Bay got into position under the rock. He was telling Meg to crawl onto his back!Painfully, Meg got her feet into the stirrups. Slowly and carefully, Bay carried her down the snow trail.On the way down, they met Dad riding his gray horse. “What happened ?”he asked anxiously.“Bay saved me.” Meg told him what happened.Dad’s voice shook when he said, “ I wouldn’t get rid of that horse for anything.”70. Meg’s dad intended to ______________.A. trade Bay for sheepB. let Meg keep Bay as a pet.C. sell or kill BayD. keep Bay working for another winter.71. Meg hoped to keep Bay because______________.A. Bay was a good sheep-keeper.B. Bay was like a good friend.C. Bay was strong and beautiful.D. Bay was the only animal she loved.72. Meg rode Bay to the pasture to ___________.A. look for a lost sheep.B. round up the sheep.C. climb over the meadow.D. meet her father.73. Why does Dad change his mind about Bay?A. Bay found the lost sheep and Meg.B. Bay was such a good friend to Meg.C. Bay proved his importance by rescuing Meg.D. Bay proved that he had a personality all his own.( C )One picture in the Wonder Book of knowledge I had as a little boy showed a man reading a book while floating in the Dead Sea. What a miracle! How would it feel to lie back in water so thick with salt that it was impossible to sink?Fed by the Jordan River and smaller streams, the Dead Sea is the lowest point on the earth’s surface, and its water is ten times saltier than the Mediterranean. With evaporation its only outlet, salt and other minerals become super-concentrated.Earlier this year, I drove down the long, steep hill to realize my dream. The shoreline was a broad area of bare salt-mud, but the water edge was far out of sight. Had somebody pulled the Dead Sea’s plug? I wondered. Eli Dior, an Israeli official, explained the problem: “ The Dead Sea is drying up. Every year, the surface drops about one meter, and as the water level falls, shadow areas are left high and dry.”Over the last half-century, the five neighboring countries have collectively diverted nearly all the water flowing into the Dead Sea to meet human and agriculture needs. Result: the Dead Sea is being emptied.With population in the region set to double at least in the next 50 years, there is little hope of restoring the water being diverted for human consumption. No country has a drop to spare for the Dead Sea, where they know it will just evaporate. To dream of opening the dams and restoring natural balance is plainly unrealistic.Yet one ambitious high-tech dream may turn out to be not only the salvation of the Dead Sea but also a ticket to peace around its shores. The “ Red-Dead” is a proposed $5 billion project to bring sea water some 240 kilometers by pipeline and canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea. The Red-Dead may be the only solution, but even if the project is carried out successfully, the Dead Sea will be 10 to 20 meters lower than now and two thirds of its current size.Whatever the future holds, the Dead Sea’s magical mix of sun, mud, sea and salt will surely survive. Many might complain that the Dead Sea is half empty—but for me the Dead sea will always be half full.74. What’s the passage mainly about ?A. Dead Sea—miracle of the world.B. Save the environment of the Dead Sea.C. Slow shrinking of the Dead Sea.D. Why is the Dead Sea so salty.75. The shrinking of the Dead Sea is mainly caused by _________ according to the passage.A. a severe reduction of the water flowing into the sea.B. rapid evaporation of the water in the Dead Sea area.C. the increasing quantity of water drawn from the sea.D. very low annual rainfall in the Dead Sea Area.76. Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. With no outlet to any ocean, the Dead Sea has become by evaporation the saltiest on earth.B. Though burdened with the growing population, the neighboring countries haven’t cut offthe sources of the Dead Sea.C. All the countries in the area will consider diverting less water from the Jordan River.D. The Red-Dead Project has not only brought water to the Dead Sea, but peace to the area aswell.77. Which of the following statements will the author approve of ?A. If the Dead Sea dried up, great natural disasters would happen in the region.B. The Dead Sea will not survive no matter what people do to save it.C. The five neighboring countries should stop diverting water from the Jordan River.D. Though the Dead Sea is shrinking gradually, it will not die.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principles have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils’progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate (升华) his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a standard or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers’conferences with parents are devoted to petty(不重要的) accounts of children’s misdeeds, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents’ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out ofthe classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters’capacities.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements with NO MORE THAN 14 WORDS)78. Why do parents also have great influence on children?_____________________________________________________________________________79. Through which ways can the teacher play an important role in enlightening parents?_____________________________________________________________________________80. According to the teacher, that parent should let the boy _____________________________ ifhe wants to sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels in teaching his sonarithmetic.81. A more creative approach is needed for _____________________of children out of classroom.第Ⅱ卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．我不认为我今天所说的话能改变别人对我的看法。
上海市金山区高三上学期期末考试(一模)化学试题
金山区2014学年第一学期期末考试高三化学试卷(完卷时间:120分钟满分:150分)考生注意：1．本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．本卷使用答题纸，所有答案均填写在答题纸上，填写在试卷上一律不给分。
相对原子质量：H－1；C－12；N－14；O－16；Mg－24；Al－27；Na－23；S－32；Cl－35.5；Fe－56；Ba－137一、选择题（本题共10分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1．有关化学资源的合成、利用与开发的叙述合理的是A. 大量使用化肥和农药，能不断提高农作物产量B. 通过有机合成，可以制造出比钢铁更强韧的新型材料C. 安装煤炭燃烧过程的“固硫”装置，主要是为了提高煤的利用率D. 开发利用可燃冰（固态甲烷水合物），有助于海洋生态环境的治理2．对于排布在2s轨道上的电子，不能确定的是A. 电子所在的电子层B．电子的自旋方向C．电子云的形状D．电子云的伸展方向3．能确定为丙烯的化学用语是4．下列有关共价键的说法正确的是A. 分子晶体中共价键越强，熔沸点越高B. 只含共价键的物质，一定是共价化合物C. 两种元素组成的分子中一定只含有极性共价键D. 分子晶体中，可能不存在共价键，但一定存在分子间作用力5．下列各组物质既不是同系物又不是同分异构体的是A. 甲酸甲酯和乙酸B. 对甲基苯酚和苯甲醇C. 油酸甘油酯和乙酸乙酯D. 软脂酸甘油酯和硬脂酸甘油酯二、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题3分，每题只有一个正确选项）6．有关物质的性质可以用元素周期律解释的是A．酸性：HCl>H2S>H2O B．密度：Na>K>LiC．沸点：NH3>AsH3>PH3D．稳定性：HF>HCl>HBr7．NH5属于离子晶体。
与水反应的化学方程式为：NH5+H2O→NH3·H2O+H2↑，它也能跟乙醇发生类似的反应，并都产生氢气。
有关NH5叙述正确的是A. 与乙醇反应时，NH5被氧化B．NH5中N元素的化合价为+5价C．1 mol NH5中含有5 molN—H键D．1 mol NH5与H2O完全反应，转移电子2 mol8．某一化学反应在不同条件下的能量变化曲线如右图所示。
上海市金山区高三第一学期期末考试化学试卷(有答案)
金山区第一学期期末考试高三化学试卷考生注意：1. 本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答案必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、座位号。
4. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 Na —23 S —32 P —31 Ca —40第Ⅰ卷 (共66分)1、在化学的发展史上，许多科学家创建的理论对化学科学的发展起到重大的作用。
有关科学家与其创建的理论对应不匹配的是 A ．墨子：物质的分割是有条件的 B ．汤姆生：葡萄干面包模型 C ．德谟克利特：古典原子论 D ．贝克勒尔：原子结构的行星模型2、有关碳元素及其化合物的化学用语正确的是A ．CO 2的电子式：....C O O ................B C ．淀粉分子的最简式：CH 2OD ．乙烯分子的比例模型：3、通过化学反应不能实现的是A ．生成一种新的离子B ．生成一种新的分子C ．生成一种新的同位素D ．生成一种新的单质 4、下列有关判断的依据正确的是 A ．电解质：水溶液是否导电B ．原子晶体：构成晶体的微粒是否是原子C ．共价分子：分子中原子间是否全部是共价键D ．化学平衡状态：平衡体系中各组分的物质的量浓度是否相等 5、学习化学应有辩证的观点和方法。
下列说法正确的是 A ． 催化剂不参加化学反应B ．醇和酸反应的产物未必是酯C ． 卤代烃的水解产物一定是醇D.醇脱水的反应都属于消去反应二、选择题（共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项。
）6、Fe3+、SO42－、Al3+和X四种离子以物质的量之比2∶4∶1∶1大量共存于同一溶液中，X可能是A．Cl－B．OH－ C．CO32－D．Na+7、类推是化学学习和研究中常用的思维方法。
金山区高三数学上学期期末试卷附答案
2014-2015金山区高三数学上学期期末试卷（附答案）2014-2015金山区高三数学上学期期末试卷（附答案）(满分：150分，完卷时间：120分钟)（答题请写在答题纸上）一、填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．若集合M={，xR}，N={，x≥–2}，则M∩N=▲．2．计算：=▲．3．不等式：的解是▲．4．如果复数z=（bR）的实部与虚部相等，则z 的共轭复数=▲．5．方程：sinx+cosx=1在[0，π]上的解是▲．6．等差数列中，a2=8，S10=185，则数列的通项公式an=▲(nN*)．7．当a0，b0且a+b=2时，行列式的值的最大值是▲．8．若的二项展开式中的常数项为m，则m=▲．9．从一堆苹果中任取5只，称得它们的质量分别是：(单位：克)125，124，121，123，127，则该样本的标准差是▲克．10．三棱锥O–ABC中，OA=OB=OC=2，且∠BOC=45，则三棱锥O–ABC体积的最大值是▲．11．从集合{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}中任取两个数，欲使取到的一个数大于k，另一个数小于k(其中k{5,6,7,8,9})的概率是，则k=▲．12．已知点A(–3,–2)和圆C：(x–4)2+(y–8)2=9，一束光线从点A发出，射到直线l：y=x–1后反射(入射点为B)，反射光线经过圆周C上一点P，则折线ABP的最短长度是▲．13．如图所示，在长方体ABCD–EFGH中，AD=2，AB=AE=1，M为矩形AEHD内的一点，如果∠MGF=∠MGH，MG和平面EFG所成角的正切值为，那么点M到平面EFGH 的距离是▲．14．已知点P(x0,y0)在椭圆C：(ab0)上，如果经过点P的直线与椭圆只有一个公共点时，称直线为椭圆的切线，此时点P称为切点，这条切线方程可以表示为：．根据以上性质，解决以下问题：已知椭圆L：，若Q(u，v)是椭圆L外一点(其中u，v为定值)，经过Q点作椭圆L的两条切线，切点分别为A、B，则直线AB的方程是▲．二、选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.15．复数z1＝a+bi(a、bR，i为虚数单位)，z2＝–b+i，且|z1||z2|，则a的取值范围是(▲)．(A)a＞1(B)a＞0(C)–l＜a＜1(D)a＜–1或a＞116．用1，2，3，4，5组成没有重复数字的五位数，其中偶数有(▲)．(A)60个(B)48个(C)36个(D)24个17．设k1，f(x)=k(x–1)(xR)，在平面直角坐标系xOy中，函数y=f(x)的图像与x轴交于A点，它的反函数y=f–1(x)的图像与y轴交于B点，并且这两个函数的图像相交于P点.已知四边形OAPB的面积是3，则实数k等于(▲)．(A)3(B)(C)(D)18．若集合A1、A2满足A1∪A2=A，则称(A1，A2)为集合A的一个分拆，并规定：当且仅当A1=A2时，(A1，A2)与(A2，A1)为集合A的同一种分拆，则集合A={a1，a2，a3}的不同分拆种数是(▲)．(A)8(B)9(C)26(D)27三、解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤．19．(本题满分12分)a、b、c分别是锐角△ABC的内角A、B、C的对边，向量=(2–2sinA，cosA+sinA)，=(sinA–cosA，1+sinA)，且∥．已知a=，△ABC面积为，求b、c的大小．20．(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分8分，第2小题满分6分．如图，在四棱锥P–ABCD的底面梯形ABCD中，AD∥BC，AB⊥BC，AB=2，AD=3，∠ADC=45.已知PA⊥平面ABCD，PA=1．求：(1)异面直线PD与AC所成角的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示)；(2)三棱锥C–APD的体积．21．(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分.已知a0且a1，数列是首项与公比均为a的等比数列，数列满足bn=anlgan(nN*)．(1)若a=3，求数列的前n项和Sn；(2)若对于nN*，总有bnbn+1，求a的取值范围．22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．动点与点的距离和它到直线的距离相等，记点的轨迹为曲线．(1)求曲线的方程；(2)设点2,动点在曲线上运动时，的最短距离为，求的值以及取到最小值时点的坐标；(3)设为曲线的任意两点，满足(为原点)，试问直线是否恒过一个定点？如果是，求出定点坐标；如果不是，说明理由．23．(本小题满分18分)本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分.设函数f(x)=2kax+(k–3)a–x(a0且a1)是定义域为R的奇函数．(1)求k值；(2)若f(2)0，试判断函数f(x)的单调性，并求使不等式f(x2–x)+f(tx+4)0恒成立的t的取值范围；(3)若f(2)=3，且g(x)=2x+2–x–2mf(x)在2,+∞上的最小值为–2，求m的值．上海市金山区2014—2015学年第一学期期末考试评分标准一、填空题（本大题满分56分）本大题共有14题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律得零分．1．[0,5]；2．；3．0x1；4．1–i；5．或0；6．3n+2；7．08．7920；9．2；10．；11．7；12．10；13．；14．二、选择题（本大题满分20分）本大题共有4题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律得零分.15．C；16．B；17．B；18．D三、解答题（本大题满分74分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤．19．(本题满分12分)解：，，又‖(2–2sinA)(1+sinA)–(cosA+sinA)(sinA–cosA)=0，即：又为锐角，则，所以∠A=60 (6)分因为△ABC面积为，所以bcsinA=，即bc=6，又a=，所以7=b2+c2–2bccosA，b2+c2=13，解之得：或………………………………………………………………12分20．(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分8分，第2小题满分6分．解：(1)过点C作CF∥AB交AD于点F，延长BC至E，使得CE=AD，连接DE，则AC∥DE，所以∠PDE就是异面直线PD与AC所成的角或其补角，………………2分因为∠ADC=45，所以FD=2，从而BC=AF=1，且DE=AC=，AE=，PE=，PD=，在△中，，所以，异面直线与所成角的大小为………………………………………………………………8分(2)因为VC–APD=VP–ACD，S△ACD=CFAD=3PA⊥底面ABCD，三棱锥P–ACD的高为PA=1，VP–ACD=S△ACDPA=1，所以，三棱锥C–APD的体积为1.………………………………………………………14分21．(本题满分14分)本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分.(1)由已知有，，，所以，.………………………………………………………7分(2)即.由且，得，所以或即或对任意nN*成立，且，所以或……………………………………………14分22．（本题满分16分）本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分6分．(1)根据抛物线的定义可知,动点的轨迹是抛物线所以曲线C的方程为x2=4y；……………………………………………………………4分(2)设点T(x0,y0),x02=4y0(y0≥0)，|AT|==，a–20，则当y0=a–2时，|AT|取得最小值为2，2=a–1,a2–6a+5=0，a=5或a=1(舍去)，所以y0=a–2=3，x0=2，所以T坐标为(2,3)；……………………………10分(3)显然直线OP1、OP2的斜率都必须存在，记为k，，，解之得P1(,)，同理P2(–4k,4k2)，直线P1P2的斜率为，直线P1P2方程为：整理得：k(y–4)+(k2–1)x=0，所以直线P1P2恒过点(0,4)………………………………16分23．(本小题满分18分)本题共有3个小题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分6分，第3小题满分8分.解(1)因为f(x)是定义域为R的奇函数，所以f(0)＝0，所以2k+(k–3)=0，即k=1，检验知，符合条件………………………………………4分(2)f(x)=2(ax–a–x)(a0且a1)因为f(2)0，0，又a0且a1，所以0a1因为y=ax单调递减，y=a–x单调递增，故f(x)在R上单调递减。
2014-2015年上海市金山区高一上学期数学期末试卷和解析
2014-2015学年上海市金山区高一（上）期末数学试卷一、填空题（本大题满分36分）本大题共有12题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得3分，否则一律得零分）1．（3.00分）已知全集U=R，A={x|x≥2}，则∁U A=．2．（3.00分）函数y=lg的定义域是．3．（3.00分）函数y=x+（x＞0）的最小值为．4．（3.00分）若集合A={﹣1，0，1}，集合B={x|x=t2，t∈A}，用列举法表示B=．5．（3.00分）若4x﹣2x+1=0，则x=．6．（3.00分）已知关于x的不等式x2﹣（a﹣1）x+（a﹣1）＞0的解集是R，则实数a取值范围是．7．（3.00分）已知函数y=a x﹣1+1（a＞0，a≠1）的图象经过一个定点，则顶点坐标是．8．（3.00分）已知y=f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，且在[0，+∞）上单调递增，则满足f（m）＜f（1）的实数m的范围是．9．（3.00分）用二分法求函数f（x）=3x﹣x﹣4的一个零点，其参考数据如下：据此数据，可得方程3x﹣x﹣4=0的一个近似解（精确到0.01）是．10．（3.00分）方程|x2+4x+3|﹣a=0有2解，则实数a的取值范围是．11．（3.00分）已知y=f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，且当x≥0时，，则此函数的值域为．12．（3.00分）设a+b=3，b＞0，则当a=时，取得最小值．二、选择题（本大题满分18分）本大题共6题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得3分，否则一律得零分.13．（3.00分）下列命题中，与命题“如果x2+3x﹣4=0，那么x=﹣4或x=1”等价的命题是（）A．如果x2+3x﹣4≠0，那么x≠﹣4或x≠1B．如果x≠﹣4或x≠1，那么x2+3x﹣4≠0C．如果x≠﹣4且x≠1，那么x2+3x﹣4≠0D．如果x=﹣4或x=1，那么x2+3x﹣4=014．（3.00分）已知实数a，b满足ab＞0，则“＜成立”是“a＞b成立”的（）A．充分非必要条件 B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分又非必要条件15．（3.00分）若a，b∈R，且ab＞0，则下列不等式中，恒成立的是（）A．a2+b2＞2ab B．C． D．16．（3.00分）如图所示曲线是幂函数y=x a在第一象限内的图象，其中a=±，a=±2，则曲线C1，C2，C3，C4对应a的值依次是（）A．、2、﹣2、﹣B．2、、﹣、﹣2 C．﹣、﹣2、2、D．2、、﹣2、﹣17．（3.00分）下列函数中，在其定义域内既是奇函数又是减函数的是（）A．y=﹣|x|（x∈R）B．y=﹣x3﹣x（x∈R）C．D．18．（3.00分）对于函数f（x），若在定义域内存在实数x，满足f（﹣x）=﹣f（x），称f（x）为“局部奇函数”，若f（x）=4x﹣m2x+1+m2﹣3为定义域R上的“局部奇函数”，则实数的取值范围是（）A．1﹣≤m≤1+B．1﹣≤m≤2C．﹣2≤m≤2D．﹣2≤m≤1﹣三、解答题（本大题满分46分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19．（6.00分）本题共有2题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分2分已知集合A={x||x﹣1|≤1}，B={x|x≥a}．（1）当a=1时，求集合A∩B；（2）若A⊆B，求实数a的取值范围．20．（8.00分）已知a≠0，试讨论函数f（x）=在区间（0，1）上单调性，并加以证明．21．（8.00分）某商场对顾客实行购物优惠活动，规定一次购物总额：（1）如果不超过500元，那么不予优惠；（2）如果超过500元但不超过1000元，那么按标价给予8折优惠；（3）如果超过1000元，那么其中1000元给予8折优惠，超过1000元部分按5折优惠．设一次购物总额为x元，优惠后实际付款额为y元．（1）试写出用x（元）表示y（元）的函数关系式；（2）某顾客实际付款1600元，在这次优惠活动中他实际付款比购物总额少支出多少元？22．（12.00分）已知函数f（x）=3x+k（k为常数），A（﹣2k，2）是函数y=f1（x）图象上的点．（1）求实数k的值及函数y=f1（x）的解析式：（2）将y=f1（x）的图象向右平移3个单位，得到函数y=g（x）的图象，若2f1（x+﹣3）﹣g（x）≥1对任意的x＞0恒成立，试求实数m的取值范围．23．（12.00分）已知集合H是满足下列条件的函数f（x）的全体：在定义域内存在实数x0，使得f（x0+1）=f（x0）+f（1）成立．（1）幂函数f（x）=x﹣1是否属于集合H？请说明理由；（2）若函数g（x）=lg∈H，求实数a的取值范围；（3）证明：函数h（x）=2x+x2∈H．2014-2015学年上海市金山区高一（上）期末数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题（本大题满分36分）本大题共有12题，考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得3分，否则一律得零分）1．（3.00分）已知全集U=R，A={x|x≥2}，则∁U A={x|x＜2} ．【解答】解：∵全集U=R，A={x|x≥2}，∴∁U A={x|x＜2}，故答案为：{x|x＜2}2．（3.00分）函数y=lg的定义域是（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）．【解答】解：∵函数y=lg，∴x应满足：；解得0＜x＜1，或x＞1，∴函数y的定义域是（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）．故答案为：（﹣∞，﹣1）∪（1，+∞）．3．（3.00分）函数y=x+（x＞0）的最小值为2．【解答】解：∵x＞0，∴≥2，当且仅当x=时取等号，此时x=，即函数的最小值是2，故答案为：2．4．（3.00分）若集合A={﹣1，0，1}，集合B={x|x=t2，t∈A}，用列举法表示B= {0，1} ．【解答】解：当t=±1时，x=1，当t=0时，x=0，∴B={0，1}，故答案为：{0，1}．5．（3.00分）若4x﹣2x+1=0，则x=1．【解答】解：∵4x﹣2x+1=0，∴2x（2x﹣2）=0，∴2x﹣2=0，解得x=1．故答案为：16．（3.00分）已知关于x的不等式x2﹣（a﹣1）x+（a﹣1）＞0的解集是R，则实数a取值范围是（1，5）．【解答】解：∵关于x的不等式x2﹣（a﹣1）x+（a﹣1）＞0的解集是R，∴△＜0，即（a﹣1）2﹣4（a﹣1）＜0；整理得（a﹣1）（a﹣5）＜0，解得1＜a＜5；∴实数a取值范围是（1，5）．故答案为：（1，5）．7．（3.00分）已知函数y=a x﹣1+1（a＞0，a≠1）的图象经过一个定点，则顶点坐标是（1，2）．【解答】解：当x=1时，f（1）=a1﹣1+1=a0+1=2，∴函数f（x）=a x﹣1+1的图象一定经过定点（1，2）．故答案为：（1，2）．8．（3.00分）已知y=f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，且在[0，+∞）上单调递增，则满足f（m）＜f（1）的实数m的范围是﹣1＜m＜1．【解答】解：∵函数f（x）是定义在R上的偶函数，且在区间[0，+∞）上单调递增．∴不等式f（m）＜f（1）等价为f（|m|）＜f（1），即|m|＜1，∴﹣1＜m＜1，即实数m的取值范围是﹣1＜m＜1，故答案为：﹣1＜m＜1．9．（3.00分）用二分法求函数f（x）=3x﹣x﹣4的一个零点，其参考数据如下：据此数据，可得方程3x﹣x﹣4=0的一个近似解（精确到0.01）是 1.56．【解答】解：由表格作数轴如下，故f（1.5625）f（1.5563）＜0；故方程3x﹣x﹣4=0的一个近似解在（1.5563，1.5625）之间，故可取（1.5563+1.5625）=1.5594≈1.56作为近似解．故答案为：1.56．10．（3.00分）方程|x2+4x+3|﹣a=0有2解，则实数a的取值范围是a=0或a ＞1．【解答】解：方程|x2+4x+3|﹣a=0有2解可化为y=|x2+4x+3|与y=a有两个交点，作函数y=|x2+4x+3|的图象如右图，故当a=0或a＞1时，有两个交点；故答案为：a=0或a＞1．11．（3.00分）已知y=f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，且当x≥0时，，则此函数的值域为．【解答】解：设t=，当x≥0时，2x≥1，∴0＜t≤1，f（t）=﹣t2+t=﹣+，∴0≤f（t）≤，故当x≥0时，f（x）∈[0，]；∵y=f（x）是定义在R上的奇函数，∴当x≤0时，f（x）∈[﹣，0]；故函数的值域时[﹣，]．12．（3.00分）设a+b=3，b＞0，则当a=﹣时，取得最小值．【解答】解：∵a+b=3，b＞0，∴b=3﹣a＞0，即a＜3，当0＜a＜3时，=+=++≥+=+=，当且仅当a=取等号，故当a=时，取得最小值；当a＜0时，=﹣﹣=﹣﹣﹣≥﹣+2=﹣+=，当且仅当a=﹣取等号，故当a=﹣时，取得最小值；综上所述a的值为﹣时，取得最小值．故答案为：﹣．二、选择题（本大题满分18分）本大题共6题，每题有且只有一个正确答案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得3分，否则一律得零分.13．（3.00分）下列命题中，与命题“如果x2+3x﹣4=0，那么x=﹣4或x=1”等价的命题是（）A．如果x2+3x﹣4≠0，那么x≠﹣4或x≠1B．如果x≠﹣4或x≠1，那么x2+3x﹣4≠0C．如果x≠﹣4且x≠1，那么x2+3x﹣4≠0D．如果x=﹣4或x=1，那么x2+3x﹣4=0【解答】解：原命题与其逆否命题等价，故命题“如果x2+3x﹣4=0，那么x=﹣4或x=1”等价的命题是：如果x≠﹣4且x≠1，那么x2+3x﹣4≠0，故选：C．14．（3.00分）已知实数a，b满足ab＞0，则“＜成立”是“a＞b成立”的（）A．充分非必要条件 B．必要非充分条件C．充要条件D．既非充分又非必要条件【解答】解：ab＞0，＜⇔⇔b＜a．∴实数a，b满足ab＞0，则“＜成立”是“a＞b成立”的充要条件．故选：C．15．（3.00分）若a，b∈R，且ab＞0，则下列不等式中，恒成立的是（）A．a2+b2＞2ab B．C． D．【解答】解：对于A；a2+b2≥2ab所以A错对于B，C，虽然ab＞0，只能说明a，b同号，若a，b都小于0时，所以B，C 错∵ab＞0∴故选：D．16．（3.00分）如图所示曲线是幂函数y=x a在第一象限内的图象，其中a=±，a=±2，则曲线C1，C2，C3，C4对应a的值依次是（）A．、2、﹣2、﹣B．2、、﹣、﹣2 C．﹣、﹣2、2、D．2、、﹣2、﹣【解答】解：根据幂函数y=x a在第一象限内的图象，知；当a=2时，幂函数y=x2在第一象限内是增函数，图象向上靠近y轴，符合C1特征；当a=时，幂函数y=在第一象限内是增函数，图象向右靠近x轴，符合C2特征；当a=﹣时，幂函数y=在第一象限内是减函数，图象向右靠近x轴，符合C3特征；当a=﹣2时，幂函数y=x﹣2在第一象限内是减函数，图象向右更靠近x轴，符合C4特征．综上，曲线C1，C2，C3，C4对应a的值依次是2、、﹣、﹣2．故选：B．17．（3.00分）下列函数中，在其定义域内既是奇函数又是减函数的是（）A．y=﹣|x|（x∈R）B．y=﹣x3﹣x（x∈R）C．D．【解答】解：A选项不正确，因为y=﹣|x|（x∈R）是一个偶函数，且在定义域内不是减函数；B选项正确，y=﹣x3﹣x（x∈R）是一个奇函数也是一个减函数；C选项不正确，是一个减函数，但不是一个奇函数；D选项不正确，是一个奇函数，但在定义域上不是减函数．综上，B选项正确故选：B．18．（3.00分）对于函数f（x），若在定义域内存在实数x，满足f（﹣x）=﹣f（x），称f（x）为“局部奇函数”，若f（x）=4x﹣m2x+1+m2﹣3为定义域R上的“局部奇函数”，则实数的取值范围是（）A．1﹣≤m≤1+B．1﹣≤m≤2C．﹣2≤m≤2D．﹣2≤m≤1﹣【解答】解：根据“局部奇函数”的定义可知，函数f（﹣x）=﹣f（x）有解即可，即f（﹣x）=4﹣x﹣m2﹣x+1+m2﹣3=﹣（4x﹣m2x+1+m2﹣3），∴4x+4﹣x﹣2m（2x+2﹣x）+2m2﹣6=0，即（2x+2﹣x）2﹣2m⋅（2x+2﹣x）+2m2﹣8=0有解即可．设t=2x+2﹣x，则t=2x+2﹣x≥2，∴方程等价为t2﹣2m⋅t+2m2﹣8=0在t≥2时有解，设g（t）=t2﹣2m⋅t+2m2﹣8，对称轴x=，①若m≥2，则△=4m2﹣4（2m2﹣8）≥0，即m2≤8，∴﹣2，此时2，②若m＜2，要使t2﹣2m⋅t+2m2﹣8=0在t≥2时有解，则，即，解得1﹣，综上：1﹣．故选：B．三、解答题（本大题满分46分）本大题共有5题，解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19．（6.00分）本题共有2题，第1小题满分4分，第2小题满分2分已知集合A={x||x﹣1|≤1}，B={x|x≥a}．（1）当a=1时，求集合A∩B；（2）若A⊆B，求实数a的取值范围．【解答】解：由题意，A={x||x﹣1|≤1}=[0，2]，（1）B={x|x≥1}，故A∩B=[1，2]．（2）∵A⊆B，∴a≤0．20．（8.00分）已知a≠0，试讨论函数f（x）=在区间（0，1）上单调性，并加以证明．【解答】解：a＜0时，f（x）在（0，1）上是减函数，a＞0时，f（x）在（0，1）上是增函数；证明如下：任取x1，x2∈（0，1），且x1＜x2；∴f（x1）﹣f（x2）=﹣=；∵0＜x1＜x2＜1，∴x1+x2＞0，x1﹣x2＜0，（1﹣）（1﹣）＞0；∴当a＜0时，f（x1）﹣f（x2）＞0，f（x）在（0，1）上是减函数；当a＞0时，f（x1）﹣f（x2）＜0，f（x）在（0，1）上是增函数．综上，a＜0时，f（x）在（0，1）上是减函数，a＞0时，f（x）在（0，1）上是增函数．21．（8.00分）某商场对顾客实行购物优惠活动，规定一次购物总额：（1）如果不超过500元，那么不予优惠；（2）如果超过500元但不超过1000元，那么按标价给予8折优惠；（3）如果超过1000元，那么其中1000元给予8折优惠，超过1000元部分按5折优惠．设一次购物总额为x元，优惠后实际付款额为y元．（1）试写出用x（元）表示y（元）的函数关系式；（2）某顾客实际付款1600元，在这次优惠活动中他实际付款比购物总额少支出多少元？【解答】解：（1）由题可知：y=．（6分）（2）∵y=1600＞900，∴x＞1000，∴500+400+0.5（x﹣1000）=1600，解得，x=2400，2400﹣1600=800，故此人在这次优惠活动中他实际付款比购物总额少支出800元．…（12分）22．（12.00分）已知函数f（x）=3x+k（k为常数），A（﹣2k，2）是函数y=f1（x）图象上的点．（1）求实数k的值及函数y=f1（x）的解析式：（2）将y=f1（x）的图象向右平移3个单位，得到函数y=g（x）的图象，若2f1（x+﹣3）﹣g（x）≥1对任意的x＞0恒成立，试求实数m的取值范围．【解答】解：（1）∵函数f（x）=3x+k（k为常数），且A（﹣2k，2）是函数y=f1（x）图象上的点；∴32+k=﹣2k，解得k=﹣3；∴f（x）=3x﹣3，∴函数y=f1（x）=log3（x+3）；（2）将y=f1（x）=log3（x+3）的图象向右平移3个单位，得到函数y=g（x）的图象，∴y=g（x）=log3x；∵2f1（x+﹣3）﹣g（x）≥1，即2log3（x+﹣3+3）﹣log3x≥1，∴log3≥1；即≥3对任意的x＞0恒成立，∴x+2+≥3，即x++2≥3对任意的x＞0恒成立；∵x＞0，∴x+≥2，当且仅当x=时取“=”，∴函数h（m）=x++2≥2+2=4，令4≥3，解得m≥，∴实数m的取值范围[，+∞）．23．（12.00分）已知集合H是满足下列条件的函数f（x）的全体：在定义域内存在实数x0，使得f（x0+1）=f（x0）+f（1）成立．（1）幂函数f（x）=x﹣1是否属于集合H？请说明理由；（2）若函数g（x）=lg∈H，求实数a的取值范围；（3）证明：函数h（x）=2x+x2∈H．【解答】（1）解：若f（x）=x﹣1∈H，则有，即，而此方程无实数根，所以f（x）=x﹣1∉H．（4分）（2）解：由题意有实数解即，也即有实数解．当a=2时，有实数解．当a≠2时，应有．综上得，a的取值范围为．（3）证明：∵，∴令m（x）=2x+2x﹣2，∵m（x）在R上连续不断，且m（0）=﹣1＜0，m（1）=2＞0，∴存在x0∈（0，1），使得m（x0）=0成立．∴存在x0∈（0，1），使得h（x0+1）=h（x0）+h（1）成立．∴h（x）∈H．赠送初中数学几何模型【模型二】半角型：图形特征：AB正方形ABCD 中，∠EAF =45° ∠1=12∠BAD 推导说明：1.1在正方形ABCD 中，点E 、F 分别在BC 、CD 上，且∠FAE ＝45°，求证：EF ＝BE +DF45°DEa +b-a45°A1.2在正方形ABCD 中，点E 、F 分别在BC、CD 上，且EF ＝BE +DF ，求证：∠FAE ＝45°E-aaBE挖掘图形特征：x-aa-a运用举例：1．正方形ABCD的边长为3，E、F分别是AB、BC边上的点,且∠EDF=45°.将△DAE绕点D逆时针旋转90°，得到△DCM.（1）求证：EF=FM（2）当AE=1时，求EF的长．DE2.如图，△ABC是边长为3的等边三角形，△BDC是等腰三角形，且∠BDC=120°．以D为顶点3．如图，梯形ABCD 中，AD ∥BC ，∠C ＝90°，BC ＝CD ＝2AD ＝4，E 为线段CD 上一点，∠ABE ＝45°.（1）求线段AB 的长；（2）动点P 从B 出发，沿射线．．BE 运动，速度为1单位/秒，设运动时间为t ，则t 为何值时，△ABP 为等腰三角形； （3）求AE －CE 的值.变式及结论：4.在正方形ABCD中，点E，F分别在边BC，CD上，且∠EAF=∠CEF=45°．（1）将△ADF绕着点A顺时针旋转90°，得到△ABG（如图1），求证：△AEG≌△AEF；（2）若直线EF与AB，AD的延长线分别交于点M，N（如图2），求证：EF2=ME2+NF2；（3）将正方形改为长与宽不相等的矩形，若其余条件不变（如图3），请你直接写出线段EF，BE，DF之间的数量关系．F。
上海市金山区2014年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测生命科学试题及答案(word版)
（二）（10分）
如图是病原体对不同免疫状态小鼠的感染进程示意图
36.图中显示的吞噬细胞、B或T细胞分别是机体的第_____、_____道免疫防线.后者是_____（特异/非特异）性免疫。
37.在正常小鼠的皮肤和粘膜表面一般有一定数量的细菌生活，它的存在对病原菌往往有_____作用。
A.过程①、④均属于神经调节
B. c与b在功能上有着拮抗关系
C. ②、③属于反馈调节
D. X是胰岛A细胞，Y是胰岛B细胞，Z是肾上腺
17.突变型面包霉常需要在通用培养基上添加适当的氨基酸才能生长．现用两个氨基酸依赖型红色面包霉突变株a和b，分别接种到下面的6种培养基上，2种突变株都不能在1、3、5号培养基上生长，a、b可以分别在2、4和2、6号培养基上生长．培养基成分如下表，关于两种突变株（a和b）对A～J中氨基酸需求的说法正确的是（ ）
D. 基因Ⅴ不可能位于Y染色体上
24.若如图中的各部分彻底水解，得到产物种类最多的是（）
A.①B.②C.③D.④
25.某雌（XX）雄（XY）异株植物，其叶形有阔叶和窄叶两种类型，由一对等位基因控制．现有三组杂交实验，结果如下表．据表分析不正确的是（ ）
杂交组合
亲代表现型
子代表现型及株数
父本
母本
雌株
雄株
46.如果使用EcoRⅠ酶切割外源DNA和质粒，将目的基因片段与切割后的质粒混合，加入_____酶，获得的环状DNA可能有哪几种情况？_____。
47.如果使用BamHⅠ和HinRⅢ两种限制酶同时处理外源DNA和质粒，比用EcoRⅠ酶切割的优点是_____。
48.将重组质粒导入大肠杆菌中，培养基中需加入_____进行鉴别和筛选含有重组质粒（目的基因）的细胞。
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上海市金山区2014届高三第一学期期末考试物理试卷2014.1考生注意：1.本卷满分150分，考试时间为120分钟；2.请在答题卷上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔答题，在试卷上作答一律不给分。
一、单项选择题（共16分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
） 1．物体做匀速圆周运动过程中，始终不变的物理量是（ ） （A ）角速度 （B ）线速度 （C ）向心力 （D ）向心加速度2．古语云：“但闻其声，不见其人”，这一现象是声波的（ ） （A ）反射 （B ）折射 （C ）干涉 （D ）衍射3．静电力恒量k 的单位是（ ） （A ）N·m 2/kg 2 （B ）kg 2/（N·m 2） （C ）N·m 2/C 2 （D ）C 2/（N·m 2）4．下列属于常规能源的是（ ）（A ）太阳能 （B ）核能 （C ）石油 （D ）地热能5．下列能正确反映物体做平抛运动时速度变化量随运动时间变化规律的图是（ ）6．PM2.5是指空气中直径小于2.5微米的悬浮颗粒物，其漂浮在空中做无规则运动，很难自然沉降到地面。
下列说法中不正确的是（ ） （A ）气温越高，PM2.5运动越剧烈（B ）PM2.5在空气中的运动属于布朗运动 （C ）PM2.5在空气中的运动就是分子的热运动（D ）倡导低碳生活有利于减小PM2.5在空气中的浓度7．对普通干电池上标有“1.5V ”这一数据的正确理解是（ ） （A ）接入电路后，电池正负两极之间电压1.5V（B ）每经过1C 的电量，有1.5J 的电能转为其他能量（C ）若电池与理想电压表直接相连，电压表的示数为1.5V （D ）若电池对1Ω的外电阻供电，流过电池的电流强度是1.5A（A ） （B ） （C ） （D ）（A ） （B ） （C ） （D ） 二、单项选择题（共24分，每小题3分。
每小题只有一个正确选项。
）9．手持物体使其加速上升的过程中，手对物体的支持力所做的功等于（ ） （A ）物体动能的增加量 （B ）物体势能的增加量 （C ）物体克服重力所做的功 （D ）物体机械能的增加量10．如图，房顶上固定一根长2.5m 的细线沿竖直墙壁垂到窗沿下，细线下端系了一个小球（可视为质点）。
打开窗子，让小球在垂直于窗子的竖直平面内小幅摆动，窗上沿到房顶的高度为1.6m ，不计空气阻力，g 取10m/s 2，则小球从最左端运动到最右端的最短时间为（ ） （A ）0.2πs （B ）0.4πs （C ）0.6πs （D ）0.8πs11．如图，通电导线MN 与矩形线圈abcd 共面，位置靠近cd 且相互绝缘。
当线圈中通有abcda 方向电流时，线圈所受安培力的合力方向（ ） （A ）向左 （B ）向右（C ）垂直纸面向外 （D ）垂直纸面向里12．空间中P 、Q 两点处各固定一个点电荷，其中P 点处为正电荷，P 、Q 两点附近电场的等势面分布如图所示，a 、b 、c 、d 为电场中的4个点。
则（ ） （A ）P 、Q 两处的电荷等量同种（B ）a 点和b 点的电场强度相同（C ）a 点的电势等于c 点的电势 （D ）b 点的电势低于d 点的电势13．如图，质量为M 导热性能良好的气缸由一根平行于斜面的细线系在光滑斜面上，气缸内质量为m 的活塞密封了一定质量的理想气体。
若气体温度缓慢降低，大气压强不变，不计一切摩擦，则（ ）（A ）气体的压强缓慢减小（B ）细线的张力缓慢变小 （C ）气体的体积缓慢减小 （D ）斜面对气缸的支持力缓慢变小14．如图，小球从O 点水平抛出，A 、B 、C 是平抛运动轨迹上的三个位置。
AB 间的竖直高度等于BC 间的竖直高度，小球在A 、B 、C 的水平位移分别为x 1、x 2、x 3，动能相对O 点的变化分别为ΔE 1、ΔE 2、ΔE 3，则（ ） （A ）x 2－x 1＝x 3－x 2，ΔE 1＝ΔE 2＝ΔE 3 （B ）x 2－x 1＞x 3－x 2，ΔE 1＝ΔE 2＝ΔE 3（C ）x 2－x 1＞x 3－x 2，ΔE 1＜ΔE 2＜ΔE 3 （D ）x 2－x 1＜x 3－x 2，ΔE 1＜ΔE 2＜ΔE 315．研究发现，双星系统演化过程中，两星的总质量、距离和周期均可能发生变化。
若某双星系统中两星做圆周运动的周期为T ，经过一段时间演化后，两星总质量变为原来的k倍，两星之间的距离变为原来的n 倍，则此时圆周运动的周期为（ ）（A ）T kn 23 （B ）T k n 3 （C ）T k n 2（D ）T k n 16．质量分别为m 1、m 2的物体A 、B 并排放在水平地面上，分别受到同向水平拉力F 1、F 2作用，一段时间后撤去，均滑行一段距离后停止。
A 、B 两物体的v -t 图象分别如a 、b 图线所示。
则（ ） （A ）若m 1＝m 2，力F 1对A 所做的功小于力F 2对B 所做的功（B ）若m 1＝2m 2，力F 1对A 所做的功小于力F 2对B 所做的功（C ）若m 1＝m 2，力F 1的最大瞬时功率一定是力F 2的最大瞬时功率的2倍 （D ）若m 1＝2 m 2，力F 1的最大瞬时功率一定是力F 2的最大瞬时功率的2倍三、多项选择题（共16分，每小题4分。
每小题有二个或三个正确选项。
全选对的，得4分；选对但不全的，得2分；有选错或不答的，得0分。
）17．如右图，一列简谐横波沿x 轴传播，实线和虚线分别表示t 1＝0和t 2＝0.5s 时的波形，则t 3＝7.5s 时的波形图不可能是（ ）18．位于水平桌面上的物体在水平拉力作用下做直线运动，且保持拉力的功率不变。
途中通过一个粗糙程度与桌面不同的区域，经过该区域时物体所受摩擦力为恒力，且进入该区域前己做匀速直线运动，它在进入该区域到离开该区域后的一段时间内，位移s 随时间t 的变化关系可能是（ ）19．如图，粗细均匀的弯曲玻璃管两端开口，a 、b 管内有一段水银柱，c 管竖直插入水银槽中，b 、c 管内封有一段空气，则（ ）（A ）若水银槽稍向下移一段距离，则b 管水银面下降（B ）若玻璃管以b 、c 间的水平管为轴略有转动，则c 管水银面上升 （C ）若环境温度升高，则b 管水银面下降的高度等于c 管水银面下降的高度（D ）若往a 管注入一些水银，则b 管水银面上升的高度大于c 管水银面下降的高度20．如图，电路中三个电阻R 1、R 2、R 3的阻值分别为2R 、3R 和6R 。
当电键S 1、S 2均闭合时，电源输出功率为P 0，当S 1、S 2均断开时，电源输出功率为5P 0/8，由此可知（ ） （A ）电源的电动势为3P 0R（B ）电键S 1、S 2均闭合时，R 2的电功率x 等于2P 0/3 （C ）电键S 1闭合、S 2断开时，电源的总功率等于0.9 P 0 （D ）电键S 1断开、S 2闭合时，电源的输出功率大于P 0（A ）（B ） （C ）（D ）（A ） （B ） （C ） （D ）四、填空题（共20分，每空格2分。
）本大题中第22题为分叉题，分A 、B 两类，考生可任选一类答题。
若两类试题均做，一律按A 类题计分。
21．如图是一个公路路灯自动控制电路，图中R 1为光敏电阻，有光照时其阻值迅速减小，R 2为可变电阻。
为使路灯能在光线不够的情况下自动点亮，虚线框中应使用的是 门电路（选填“与”、“或”和“非”）；若要路灯在有光照时也能点亮，应使R 2阻值 （选填“变大”、或“变小”）。
（22A 、22B 选做一题）22A ．质量为0.4kg 的小球甲静止在光滑水平桌面上，质量为4kg 的小球乙以速度3m/s 与甲相碰。
相碰后，乙球的速度变为2.5m/s ，碰撞前后速度在一直线上，则甲球的速度大小为 m/s ，此过程中损失的机械能为 J 。
22B ．若两颗人造地球卫星的向心加速度之比为a 1∶a 2＝4∶9，则它们的轨道半径之比R 1∶R 2＝ ，周期之比T 1∶T 2＝ 。
23．如图，质量1kg 的小物块受到平行斜面向上的拉力F ，沿斜面做匀加速运动，其初速度大小为2m/s ，2s 内物块的位移大小为10m 。
已知斜面倾角为37°，物块与斜面之间的动摩擦因数为0.1。
则物块加速度的大小为 m/s 2，拉力F 的大小为 N 。
（取g ＝10m/s 2，sin37°＝0.6，cos37°＝0.8） 24．如图，匀强电场空间内某x O y 坐标系中，将质量为m （重力不计），电量为q 的负电荷由y 轴上的A 点移至x 轴上的B 点，电场力做功为W （W ＞0）；若将其从A 点移至x 轴上的C 点时，电场力做功也为W 。
则此电场场强方向应为 ；若是在恒定外力作用下使电荷沿AB 做直线运动，OA 长为d ，∠ABO ＝60°，此外力的最小值是 。
25．如图，已知电源内阻为r ，四个电表均为理想电表，闭合电键，将变阻器滑片向右移动。
若A 1、A 2两电流表示数之和固定不变，则定值电阻的阻值为 ；若A 3、V 示数的变化量分别为ΔI 3、ΔU ，则︳ΔUΔI 3︳的变化情况是 。
五、实验题（共24分）26．（4分）利用发波水槽得到的水面波形如（a ）、（b ）所示，图（a ）显示了波的 现象，图（b ）显示了波的 现象。
（选填“干涉”或“衍射”）27．（6分）如图是一个多用表欧姆档内部电路示意图，电流表G （量程0~100uA ，内阻100Ω），电池电动势E ＝1.5V ，内阻r ＝1Ω，变阻器R 0阻值为0~20k Ω。
（1）调零是使电流表指针满偏，则此时R 0的阻值应调节为 Ω。
（a ） （b ）（2）若表内电池用旧（电源电动势变小，内阻变大），且仍可调零。
调零后测电阻时，欧姆表的总内阻将变 ，测得的电阻值将偏 。
（选填“大”或“小”）28．（8分）如图，“验证变力做功的动能定理”的实验装置放置在水平桌面上，两块磁铁分别安装于力传感器和小车对应位置，且同性磁极相对，两挡光片宽均为1cm 。
（1）让小车向力传感器方向运动，挡光片a经过光电门传感器时测得此时小车速度v 0，同时触发力传感器以及位移传感器工作，磁力对小车做 功（选填“正”或“负”），挡光片b （a 、b 间距为5cm ）经过光电门时再次测得此时小车的速度v t ，同时（实际有一定延时）触发传感器停止工作。
（2）计算机上显示出F -s 图像，计算出 即为此过程变力做功W 。
（3）某同学测得小车及车上传感器、磁铁等总质量m ＝0.180kg ，v 0＝0.341m/s ，v t ＝0.301m/s ，则小车动能的变化量ΔE k ＝ J ，他选取如右图所示的选择区域后，计算机自动计算出变力做功W ，发现W 与ΔE k 相差较大，其主要原因是 。