四管程固定管板式换热器设计

摘要

换热器是化工生产中重要的设备之一，它是一种冷热流体间传递热量的设备，其中管壳式换热器应用最为广泛。本设计为单壳程、四管程的卧式固定管板式换热器，管程介质为水，壳程介质为水蒸气。水的流量为175t／h，管程的工作温度为80℃，壳程的工作温度为167.55℃。

固定管板式换热器是由两端管板和壳体连接而成，因此它具有结构简单和造价低廉的优点。其结构特点是管束连接在管板上，管板与筒体焊接。

在其结构上安装有九块弓形折流板，以增加流体的湍流程度。接管法兰均选择板式平焊法兰，选用鞍式支座，本次设计主要分为两个部分，一部分是传热工艺计算，另一部分为强度计算。其中固定管板的计算较为复杂，也是至关重要的环节。而且本设计中，管板的延长部分还兼做法兰。为了减少热应力，通常在固定管板式换热器中设臵柔性元件来吸收热膨胀差。但本次设计对温差应力进行研究后，不必安装柔性元件来减少热应力。

换热器作为传热设备随处可见，在工业中应用非常普遍，特别是耗能用量十分大的领域，随着节能技术的飞速发展，换热器的种类开发越来越多。

关键词：换热器；折流板；法兰；管板

Abstract

Heat exchanger is one of the important equipment in chemical industry ，it transfer heart between cold and heart fluid. In this heart exchanger the tubular heart exchanger is most widely used. This design is a fixed tube-sheet exchanger of one shell and one tube, water flow in tube and steam flow in shell.The flow of water is 120t / h, the tube's working temperature is 90 ℃, the shell of the operating temperature 175 ℃.

Fixed tube-sheet exchanger is connected with tube-sheet which fix in both side and shell. For this simple structure, it have low price. It Structure characteristics is the tube connect in the sheet which seal with the shell.

There are nine baffle plate fixed on this structure to increase the flow rate. This design include two parts ,one is heart transfer process the other is strength calculate. During this calculate the tube-sheet is more complex but so important.

In order to absorb the difference of the heat bulge,the pipe fixed heat exchanger is equiped with floxible element, In this design it is impossible to arrange for the flexible element through investigation

Heart exchanger is wide used in industry, special in energy consumption field. As energy-saving technology moving, more serious heart exchanger will appear.

Keywords: heart exchanger; baffle plate; flange; tube-sheet

目录

第一部分文献综述 (1)

一、分类 (1)

二、管式换热器和板面式换热器 (1)

三、发展 (4)

第二部分计算说明书 (5)

一、传热工艺计算 (5)

1.1介质原始数据 (5)

1.2定性温度及物性参数 (5)

1.3传热量与水蒸气流量 (6)

1.4有效平均温差 (6)

1.5管程换热系数计算 (6)

1.6结构初步设计 (7)

1.7壳程换热系数计算 (9)

1.8总传热系数计算 (9)

1.9管壁温度计算 (9)

1.10核算管程压强降 (10)

1.11核算壳程压强降 (10)

二、结构计算 (11)

2.1换热管材料及规格的选择和根数的确定 (11)

2.2确定筒体内径 (11)

2.3确定筒体壁厚 (12)

2.4筒体液压试验 (13)

2.5管箱封头厚度计算 (13)

2.6管箱短节壁厚的计算 (15)

2.7设备法兰的选择 (15)

2.8管板的设计 (19)

2.9折流板尺寸的确定 (38)

2.10接管及开孔补强 (39)

2.11筒体、管箱的耐压试验校核 (43)

2.12拉杆和定距管的确定 (44)

2.13防冲板的设定 (44)

2.14支座的选择及应力校核 (45)

致谢 (50)

附录 (51)